Iningi labalimi liqinisekile ngokweqiniso ukuthi bazi konke ngokutshala izaqathe. Kodwa-ke, akwenzeki njalo ukuqoqa isivuno esiningi. Lesi sitshalo ngeke sibizwe ngokungadingekile futhi sifuna kakhulu ekunakekelweni, kepha futhi sinezakho “izifiso” zezimo zokulima, ikhwalithi yaphansi komhlaba, isikhathi sokutshala, njalonjalo. Kungakuhle ukuthi uzijwayeze ngalezi zimpawu ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ungayikhetha kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukayo
Izinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo ka izaqathe ezitolo zivezwa okunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Abafuyi baseRussia nabakwamanye amazwe bahlala bezalanisa zonke izinhlobo ezintsha. Inketho ngayinye inezinzuzo zayo ezingenakuphikwa, ngakho-ke kunzima kaningi ukwenza isinqumo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele hhayi ukubukeka kuphela futhi kumenyezelwe ukunambitheka kwesithelo. Lokhu kubalulekile, kepha hhayi ukugxeka. Ezinye izinto ezinqumayo: ubude besikhathi sokukhula, ukuqonda kwekhwalithi yendawo esezingeni eliphansi, impilo yamashalofu, ukufaneleka kokutshala esifundeni esithile, kucatshangelwa isimo sezulu, kanye namandla okubekezelela i-vagaries yesimo sezulu.
Imbewu yekherothi ezitolo ezikhethekile ivezwa nge-assortment ebanzi, uma kukhethwa, kulula ukudideka
Ungaqala ukwakha eminye imithetho ejwayelekile:
- Izaqathe ezinezithelo ezifushane zikulungele kangcono ukutshala kuqala.
- Izaqathe ezinezithombo ezinde zezimpande zidinga ukulinywa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokutshala. Kumele ukuthi kwebiwe ekujuleni okungama-25 cm okungenani.
- Izinhlobo kanye nzalo ezalwe eRussia, uma iqhathaniswa neyangaphandle, inambitheka omenyezelwe kanye nenqwaba yamavithamini, ama-macro- kanye nama-microelements. Ziphawuleka ngokugcina ikhwalithi engcono nokuzivikela okungaphezulu. Izaqathi zakwamanye amazwe zingaqhathanisa lokhu ngokubukeka okuhle kuphela.
- Izaqathi zakuqala ziyaziswa ngokunambitheka kwazo, kepha azihlukaniswa ngobuhle bazo. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi zigcinwa kakhulu. Ziyahlukahluka kokuqukethwe okunoshukela okuphezulu nokukhiqiza.
Kunezitshalo ezimbalwa kakhulu ezilungele ukutshala kunoma yisiphi isifunda saseRussia. Kusengcono ukuthenga okuklanyiwe, kwaguqulwa kahle isimo sezulu sezulu sendawo ethile. Imvamisa, imininingwane enjalo isemaphaketheni enezinhlamvu. Noma ungabheka ku-Rejista Yezwe Yenzalo Yokuzala. Phakathi kwezinto zomhlaba wonke ongazibiza ngama-karoti u-Alyonka, uNantes, iNdlovukazi yase-Autumn, Cardinal.
Izinhlobo ze-karoti ze-Alyonka eRussia zinezimpande ngempumelelo futhi zilethe izitshalo nomaphi lapho kungakhona khona ingadi
Ngokucophelela ikakhulukazi kufanele kube abalimi abahlala ezindaweni ezibizwa ngokuthi zezifundazwe zokulima okuyingozi. Enkabeni yeRussia, cishe noma iyiphi isanqante kungatshalwa. Kepha e-Urals, eSiberia, eMpumalanga Ekude, ikakhulukazi akhetha ukubekwa eceleni.
Izinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa njengokusaqala uma izithombo zezimpande zingavunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-85-100 ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yilezi izaqathi Minikor, Tushon, Peerless, Nantes, Artek, Rex. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa maphakathi zivuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-100-110. Lokhu kufaka, isibonelo, izaqathe uSamson, uCallisto F1, uVitamin, uGeranda, uBoltex. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi azivuni kungaphelanga izinsuku ezingama-125 ngemuva kokuvela. Izinhlobo ezivamile yiChantane, iRed Giant, iCanada, iMonastiki, iValeria, iFlaccoro, iScarl, iRed Cor. Kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana zezinsuku ezahlukile zokuvuthwa ukuze ukuvuthwa kwezimpande izilimo kuqhubeke kancane kancane.
Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi izaqathe ziyisitshalo ezinomjikelezo wokukhula kweminyaka emibili: uma ushiya izithombo zezimpande engadini ebusika, ungaqoqa imbewu ngokuwa okulandelayo
Ukunambitha kanye nokuthela kuyindlela abalimi abayibheka njalo. Okuhamba phambili kulokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo zamakheroti Forto, Minikor, Callisto F1, Karotel. Kunendaba nosayizi. Izilimo ezinkulu kakhulu zivuthwa ekufikeni kwesayizi waseRussia, i-Emperor, iRogneda, iRamosa, iSiphepho, iVita Longa.
Indawo efanelekayo yesiko
Ukujikeleza kwezilimo kubaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo ezikhiqizayo. Izaqathi endaweni efanayo atshalwa akukho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibili ngokulandelana. Ngemuva kwalokho ngasikhathi sinye kufiseleka ukuyihlala nge-siderates noma izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-legume. Bathuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-substrate, ngenkathi beyigcwalisa nge-nitrogen. Abanduleli abakhulu besiko yi-Pumpkin (ukhukhamba, i-zucchini, ithanga), iSolanaceae (utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, amazambane, upelepele we-bell) kanye ne-Cruciferous (iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, i-daikon).
Ama-eggplant, njengamanye amaSolanaceae, angomakhelwane abafanelekayo nabanduleli bakherothi.
Akunconywa ukutshala izaqathe ngemuva kwezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini we-Umbrella (dill, iparsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, i-parnip, i-anise, ikhumini, i-fennel). Bangomakhelwane ababi ngenxa yakhe. Ukubekwa okunjalo kombhede kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa kwesilimo esiningi noma sonke ngenxa yesikhunta nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane. Enye eyandulelayo engathandeki i-lettuce yamaqabunga. Izaqathe zingahlushwa ukubola okumhlophe. Ngokwenqabe uyenqaba ukukhula ngemuva kokugcotshwa kwelanga kanye nogwayi.
Ukuba khona kwe-dill noma ezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini waseMumbrella eduze kwama-izaqathi kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthola izifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ukubeka u-anyanisi kanye izaqathi eduze. Lokhu kunomthelela omuhle ekuvunweni kwezitshalo zombili. I-anyanisi iyasusa ngempumelelo impukane ye-carrot, futhi inomphumela ofanayo ku-anyanisi.
I-anyanisi kanye izaqathi ezitshalwe eduzane zixosha izinambuzane eziyingozi komunye nomunye
Kukhethwe umbhede we-carrot ukuze kuthi phakathi nosuku likhanyiswe isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka ilanga. Imisebe eqondile ayikuthinti kabi ukutshala. Kepha ukuntuleka kokukhanya nokushisa kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izitshalo zezimpande sezonakalisiwe, zinciphile futhi zincane. Inyama yabo ilukhuni futhi icishe ibe nokunambitha. Ukungena umoya omncane nakho kufiseleka kakhulu.
Ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokushisa kubalulekile ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kwezitshalo zezimpande
Okunye okubaluleke kakhulu izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Akufanele zisondele ngaphezulu kune mitha. Ubuningi be-moss ne-tint yayo eblue kubonisa okuhlukile. Noma iyiphi indawo ephansi nemithambeka yemigwaqo ayifakiwe. Indawo kufanele ibe bushelelezi, uma kungenjalo imbewu izomane ihlanjwe ngaphandle kwengadi uma intwasahlobo iphuma inemvula.
Ukutshala izaqathe emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo: izinsuku zokutshala
Isici esinquma isikhathi sokutshala izaqathe yizimo zesimo sezulu nesifunda ngasinye. Isibonelo, eningizimu yeRussia lokhu sekuvele kwenziwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, kungcono ukuhlela inqubo ngasekupheleni kwale nyanga noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. ESiberia, e-Urals, e-Far East, esifundeni saseNyakatho kanye naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, kubambezelwa amanye amasonto angama-2,5 kuya ku-2.
Amazinga okushisa komoya ngesikhathi sokuyephuka kufanele azinza cishe ngo-9-12 ° C ebusuku no-15-18 ° C phakathi nosuku. Inhlabathi nayo idinga ukuvunyelwa ukufudumala. Igayidi ethembekile kulokhu izimpawu zabantu. Izaqathi zinconyelwa ukutshalwa ngosuku lwe-23 ngemuva kwezimbali zokuqala ze-coltsfoot, kuthi lapho ukuqhuma kwama-birch kanye nama-currant kuqhume ukuqhakaza, i-forsythia, i-hazel ne-violet ziqhakaza.
Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwe-hazel kusho ukuthi inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ngokwanele, futhi ungaqala ukutshala izaqathe
Amafrimu okubuya entwasahlobo amafushane afinyelela ku -5ºº ngeke abulale imbewu yekherothi, ikakhulukazi uma uqala ngokuqinisa umbhede nganoma iyiphi into esembozayo. Kodwa ikhwalithi yayo yokugcina izokonakala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akufanelekile ukushesha ukutshala izaqathe ngaphambi komunye umuntu. Imbewu ibunjiwe, ibolile iyakhula. Ama-Shots awaveli isikhathi eside, ngisho nalezo zinkomba ezitshalwe ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 kamuva “zibafice.”
Musa ukushesha kakhulu ngokutshala izaqathe - uma inhlabathi isabanda, amahlumela azovela hhayi ngaphambili, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokujwayelekile
Izaqathi zakuqala zitshalwa kuqala. Mid-isizini futhi sekwephuze - kanye isikhashana cishe amasonto amabili. Ukudonsa kakhulu futhi akusifanele. Uma utshala izaqathe sekwephuzile ngomhlaka 20 kuJuni, awukwazi nje ukulinda kuze kube yilapho iqhwa kuqala, ikakhulukazi ehlobo lase-Ural naseSiberia.
Abalimi abaningi ezindabeni zokutshala izilimo ezithile ziqondiswa izincomo zekhalenda lenyanga. Kepha ukulandela imiyalo yakhe ngobumpumputhe, mhlawumbe, akusafanele. Tshala izaqathe uma lina imigwaqo noma iminyene okungenani ngokungenangqondo, ngisho ngosuku olubekiwe.
Ngo-2019, izaqathi kunconywa ukuthi zitshale ngezinsuku ezilandelayo ezinhle:
- Meyi: 1, 4, 5, 6, 12-14, 21-23.
- NgoJuni: 10, 11, 12, 20-21.
Labo abaholwa yizimpawu zikazwelonke, bazama ukwenza lokhu ngezinsuku "zabesifazane" zesonto (ngoLwesithathu, uLwesihlanu, uMgqibelo). Kukholelwa ukuthi kulokhu, izaqathi zibonisa ukuhluma okungcono.
Ividiyo: nini kungcono ukutshala izaqathe
Ukulungiselela umbhede
Ukulungiselela imibhede yekherothi kuyinqubo efanayo yokuphoqelela njengazo zonke ezinye izilimo. Yize abalimi abaningi bengayinaki, bakhulula inhlabathi ekwindla.
Izaqathi zithanda i-substrate elula engagcini amanzi futhi engaphazamisi ukuvela okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, umbhede kuzodingeka ukuthi wembiwe kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala - ekujuleni okungama-30 cm okungenani, owesibili - kuya ku-15-20 cm. Kumhlabathi ominyene, omile, izimpande zezindlela ezifanele nosayizi ojwayelekile wezinhlobonhlobo azivuthi. Izinsuku ezingama-7-7 ngemuva kokumba kwesibili, umbhede umbozwe ngento ehlanganisayo (ingxube yomquba obunjiwe noma i-humus nge-peat crumb ngokulingana okulingana), ichitha u-5-7 l / m², futhi ishiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Umquba omusha ngaphansi kwezaqathi awunconywa. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ukulungisa imibhede yesiko elidlule, okungukuthi, unyaka nohhafu ngaphambi kokutshala kwayo.
Kumakherothi, ukukhulula inhlabathi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke bambe ngokucophelela umbhede kaningi
Ungalungisa ikhwalithi ye-substrate. Ilungele izaqathi - i-chernozem, i-loam evundile, eyamukelekayo - i-sandy loam, ihlathi i-sierozem, umhlabathi we-sod-podzolic. Ubumba lwempuphu ngesilinganiso esingamakhilogremu ayi-10 ngemitha yomugqa womugqa ngokungeziwe emhlabathini okhanyayo kakhulu. Enhlabathini enodaka noma enenhlabathi - isihlabathi ngokulinganayo. Khetha ngokucophelela izimpande zezitshalo, amatshe amatshe, enye imfucumfucu. Ebhekene nezinhlayiya eziqinile, izitshalo zezimpande azonakalisiwe, zenziwe bifurcated, bent.
Ngokubaluleke ngokulinganayo ibhalansi ye-acid-base. Isiko likhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, ufulawa we-dolomite, ulamula oshelelayo, ochotshoziwe waba yisimo esinamandla segobolondo lamaqanda enkukhu eluhlaza, ikhiyini elichobozekile lingeniswa enhlabathini ene-asidi. Isengezo esisebenzayo sendatshana ye-alkaline izinaliti, sawdust emisha yezihlahla ze-coniferous, i-peat.
I-Dolomite ufulawa - i-deoxidizer yemvelo yenhlabathi, ngokuya ngomthamo onconyiwe, awunemiphumela emibi
Cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20 ngaphambi kokutshala okuhleliwe, inhlabathi idedelwa kahle futhi ivundiswe, i-potash (i-10-15 g / m²) ne-phosphate (25-30 g / m²). Okuvame kakhulu kuzo yi-potassium sulfate, kalimagnesia, superphosphate elula nephindwe kabili. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen (futhi ikakhulukazi ukuya kude kakhulu nayo). Ama-nitrate angenampilo aqongelela ezitshalweni zezimpande. Umthombo walesi macroelement kuzoba yizinto eziphilayo ezethulwe ekwindla.
Labo ngesizathu esithile noma kwesinye benqaba umanyolo wamaminerali ungawabeka esikhundleni somlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe. Iqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-magnesium, i-sodium, i-iron, isibabule, i-zinc, i-molybdenum. Lo manyolo awuthokozelwa kuphela ngabalandeli bezolimo zokudla, kepha nalabo abancamela ukuqoqa imbewu yenqathe. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kukhombisa ukuthi lapho besebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali baphola emva kweminyaka eyi-3-4. Lapho utshala, esikhundleni sephepheni elilodwa elijwayelekile, kwakhiwa "intshebe" ngezimpande eziningi ze-fibrous. Babuye bathi izitshalo eziyimpande ezivundiswe ngomlotha zigcinwa kangcono, azikaze zikhale, zinomongo ofana kakhulu.
Izinkuni zomlotha zingumanyolo owusizo futhi wemvelo ngokuphelele
Uma i-substrate esakhiweni ilungele kahle izaqathe, njengengxenye yokulungiselela, kwanele ukutshala noma yiziphi izitshalo ze-siderat ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, okuluhlaza okotshwayo kusikwa futhi kutshalwe emhlabathini. Lokhu ngumanyolo omkhulu wemvelo.
I-lead mustard ingenye yamasiderate athandwa kakhulu; ayithuthukisi kuphela ikhwalithi yaphansi, kepha futhi icindezela izinambuzane eziningi.
Ububanzi obulungile bemibhede yezaqathi buyi-0.8-1.2 m. Uma uyenza vele, kufanele yakhele eziningana ngasikhathi sinye - ngesinye nje akunakwenzeka ukuthola isivuno esiningi. Ngobubanzi obukhulu, kuvela izinkinga ngokususa ukhula, ukuchelela nokuvuna. Ubude buxhomeke kuphela endaweni ye-infield kanye nezifiso zomgcini wegadi. Asikho isidingo sokwenza umgodi uphezulu kakhulu, kepha kusalulekwa ukuthi uwukhulise ngo-10 cm cm. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina umswakama enhlabathini ngokushoda kwemvula, futhi kususwe nokuningi ngokweqile emvuleni enkulu.
Uma wenza umbhede wezaqathi ube mncane kakhulu, ngeke kusebenze ukuqoqa isivuno esiningi, futhi kubanzi kunzima ukunakekela ukutshala
Ukwelashwa kwembewu
Lesi sigaba sokulungiselela asifakwa kuphela imbewu ye-granular karoti efana ne-dragees, nzalo yokukhethwa kwangaphandle ephathwa nge-fungicides kanye nama-insecticides (apendwe ngombala ongajwayelekile). Sele zikulungele ngokuphelele ukufika emhlabeni. Kepha imbewu enjalo iyabiza impela, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukonga imali futhi benze konke abakudingayo bebodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngalokhu.
Imbewu yekherothi egreyidi isilungele ngokuphelele ukutshala futhi ayizidingi izinqubo ezengeziwe
Ungenza amaphilisi anjalo futhi wena, yize kufanele u-tinker. Isisekelo sokuqanjwa ngumquba omusha oxutshwe namanzi 1:10. Uketshezi kufanele luhlanganiswe kahle bese luhlungwa kaninginingi ngendwangu eminyene. Ngemuva kwalokho iyabiliswa, kwinqubo engeza i-20-30 ml yeKornevin noma yeHeteroauxin, 2 g ye-zinc sulfate, 3 g ye-ammonium molybdenum acid, 0.5 g ye-sulfate yethusi, i-boric acid ne-potanganum permanganate ilitha ngalinye. Ukuze unamathele, i-gelatin, ushukela isiraphu, ukunamathisela isitashi, kufakwa i-glue ekhethekile eyenziwe nge-pectin. Imbewu iphathwa ngokuqanjwa, ukufafaza kusuka isibhamu sokufafaza sehlukaniswe kahle. Izaqathe ezinjalo zivuthwa ezinsukwini ezingama-7-15 ngaphambili kunokujwayelekile.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukubheka ukuhluma kwezimbewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, agxishwe esixazululweni se-sodium chloride (15-20 g / l). Amaminithi we-7-10 anele, khona-ke lawo lapho kungekho-mbungu entanta khona ebusweni. Ukutshala kwabo akunangqondo nakancane.
Isixazululo sikasawoti sikuvumela ukuthi unqume ngokushesha ukuthi ukuhluma kweziphi imbewu
'Ukuvusa' imbewu, esekuhlobo lwe- "hibernation" ebusika, ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa olubangela ukusizwa kwengcindezi. Izinsuku eziyisikhombisa, ezimbozwe ngendwangu emanzi, zibekwa ebusuku eshalofini elingaphansi kwesiqandisi, kuthi phakathi nosuku zigcinwe endaweni efudumele efulethini. Enye inketho ukushintshana ofakwe emanzini ashisayo (40-50ºС) namanzi apholile (18-22ºС). Ngokokuqala ngqa, isikhathi sokucubungula yimizuzu emihlanu, kwesesibili - ishumi. Okwesithathu imbewu ithululelwa ngamanzi ashisayo bese uyayiyeka nje ipholile. Inqubo ithatha izinsuku ezintathu.
Abalimi baphinde bazilolonge. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unciphise isikhathi sokuhluma kwembewu. Zithululelwa ngamanzi athambileko, axazululiweko ekushiseni kwegumbi, i-compressor ejwayelekile ye-aquarium ixhunyiwe futhi ishiywe usuku noma kancane, igcwale umoya-mpilo.
I-Aquarium compressor igcwalisa amanzi nge-oxygen, ngoba imbewu iyasiza kakhulu
Imbewu yekherothi, ikakhulukazi evunwa ngokuzimela, ingahle ibeyizithwali zezinhlamvu zesikhunta ezigobele kuzo, izifo zamagciwane. Noma zithengiwe esitolo, ukubulala amagciwane akufanele kunganakwa. Imbewu ithululelwa ekhweni yelineni noma esikhwameni se-gauze futhi igxiliswe kwikhambi eliningi le-pink le-potanganum permanganate amahora angama-2-3.
I-potassium permanganate - enye yama-disinfectants ejwayelekile
Isikhathi sokucubungula singehliswa sibe yimizuzu eyi-15 ukuya ku-20 uma ama-fungicides anamuhla, amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi wemvelaphi yemvelo esetshenziswa. Baphephe impilo yabantu nemvelo. Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi yiPhytosporin-M, Phytocide, Phytolavin, Alirin-B, Previkur. Imbewu ephathisiwe igezwa ngaphansi komfula wamanzi apholile agobhozayo, omiswe isesimweni sokugeleza kwamanzi.
Isigaba sokugcina sokusetshenziswa ukusetshenziswa kwe-biostimulants. Inqubo yenziwa cishe ngosuku noma ezimbili ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu ngemuva kokuba ingageziwe. Ukucutshungulwa kuthatha amahora angama-6-8. Ungasebenzisa zombili izidakamizwa ezithengiwe (i-Rizoplan, i-Epin, i-PhytoDoctor, i-Immunocytophyte) nemithi yesintu (amazambane kanye nejusi le-aloe, uju oluwuketshezi oluhlanjululwe ngamanzi, amaphilisi we-presinic acid, i-mumiyo, isixazululo se-baking soda). Isixazululo esingu-0,02% se-boric acid nesisombululo se-0,01% se-cobalt nitrate sizosiza ukuthuthukisa isivuno esizayo.
Amakhambi e-Folk abhekana nalomsebenzi mubi kakhulu kunama-biostimulants athengiwe
Uma kunesifiso sokufika ekuqaleni (cishe izinsuku ezingama-4-7) kanye namahlumela amaningi, imbewu isadinga ukuvunyelwa ukubekeka. Zibuye zigoqwe ngendwangu emanzi, i-gauze, isipinashi futhi zifakwe endaweni efudumele kunazo zonke egumbini. Indlela elula yokuzifaka kusosawoti bese ubeka ibhethri lokushisa. Kuthatha kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ukuze imbewu inamathele. Kulokhu, ukwelashwa nge-biostimulants kukhishwa.
Imbewu yekherothi ekhulisiwe ihluma ngokushesha okukhulu
Ikhethe imbewu ngokucophelela eklanyelwe ebusika. Kufanele zikhulu, zingakhubazeki futhi zomile empeleni. Noma imuphi umanzi lapho kulungiswa awubandakanywa - izinto zokutshala zimane zibanda.
Izaqathe engadini zitshalwa kuphela ngembewu, ukutshala izithombo akwenziwa. Ukufakelwa okwalandela, ikakhulukazi uma i-dive nayo yenziwa ngaphambili, ilimaza impande ngokungenakuphikiswa. Ngenxa yalokhu (uma isitshalo sisinda nhlobo), izitshalo zezimpande zincanyana kakhulu futhi azilingani.
Ividiyo: izindlela zokulungiselela imbewu yekherothi
Inqubo Yokufika
Ukutshala izaqathe emhlabathini, imisele imiswa ngokujula kuka-1.5-3 cm. Isikhala somugqa singama-cm angama-20. Imbewu ayihlwanyelwa kaningi, ngokunqatshelwa kwesikhashana sika-2-4 cm. Ukujula kwama-grooves kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma zizincane, imbewu izothathwa umoya noma amanzi, ekujuleni - ngeke nje ziqhume. Cishe amahora angama-2-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, umsele ngamunye uthululwa ngamanzi abilayo, kuthiwe uthuli oluthile lwenkuni luyathululelwa noma luchotshozwe esimweni esinamandla segobolondo leqanda.
Imbewu ifafazwa ngenhlabathi, futhi iboshwe ngezintende zezandla. Uma kusapholile ngokwanele emgwaqweni noma isithwathwa kulindeleke, kungcono ukuqinisa umbhede ngaphambi kokuqhamuka nanoma iyiphi impahla yokumboza. Nisela kaningi, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi loma. Lapho imbewu iqhuma, izikhawu ziyanda ziye ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, uma isimo sezulu sivumela, izaqathe zingatshalwa kathathu - entwasahlobo, engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni nasekwindla, ebusika.
Ividiyo: ukufika emhlabathini ovulekile
Imbewu izaqathe incane kakhulu, kunzima ukuyitshala ngokulinganayo. Ukuze uvimbele inqubo yokuncipha, abalimi baphendukela ekusebenziseni amadivaysi ahlukahlukene. Ungazithenga esitolo noma uzenze ngokwakho.
Okudumile:
- Isandla seeder. Eqinisweni, ithangi lembewu elinamasondo amabili. Ingaphambili lifakwe amabala noma izipikili futhi lenzelwe ukwakha umsele. Isembozo saso esibushelelezi sigoqa inhlabathi. Ithangi ifakwe i-dispenser, ekuvumela ukuthi uguqule ivolumu yembewu. Kunemiklamo eminingi "ethuthukile" - enezintambo eziningana zamasondo, iziqukathi ezingeziwe zomanyolo nokunye.
- Umtshali wepiston. Isitsha sepulasitiki esidlulileko, esivame kakhulu ukuba yisilinda. Kukhona ipiston ngaphezulu, umgodi omncane ngaphansi. Idizayini yonke ifana nesirinji. Umthamo odingekayo wembewu, ucindezela i-piston, efakwe emiseleni. Ukuzivimbela ukuba zingasabalali, otshalayo kumele agcinwe ephansi, cm cm ngaphezu komhlabathi.
- Umsebenzi wokutshala izisebenzi. Kubukeka ngathi ukuchelela kunganekhala ende, emincane kakhulu. Imbewu ithululelwa esitsheni, igoba ngaphezu kwengadi. Ukuze uwahlwanyele ngokulingene noma kancane ngokulinganayo, kungakuhle ukuthi uqeqeshe ngaphambi kokuqeqesha.
- Iteyipsi enamathele. Ezitolo kukhona itheyiphu ekhethekile lapho imbewu ye-carrot isivele igqinsiwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Imane nje ifakwe emgodini, imbozwe ngumhlaba futhi iniselwe ngokulinganayo.
Hander seeder kulula ukukwenza ngokwakho
Ividiyo: ukutshala izaqathe ngesithombo sokuhlwanyela ngesandla
Imishini eyenziwe ekhaya ibhekana nalomsebenzi mubi kakhulu kunowesitolo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungazivumelanisa:
- Amabhodlela epulasitiki. Umthamo wevolumu encane uvaliwe ngesivimbelo, kwenziwa umgodi kuwo ngesikhafu. Kufakwa itsiyidi epulasitiki kuyo, ifakwe ngethayi noma ngeteyipu. Imbewu ihlanganiswa kahle nesihlabathi esihle noma ngomlotha wokhuni. Noma unamathisele owenziwe ngofulawa namanzi (isipuni ilitha).
- Amakhadi weqanda wekhadibhodi. Zisikwa zibe yimichilo emide bese zimbiwa engadini. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emithonjeni etholiwe.
- Amaphakethe wemithi nge-dispenser. Zingasetshenziswa uma kunenkinobho kubo evumela ukuthi ukhiphe ithebhulethi eyodwa kanye nekhono lokuvula isitsha.
- Ama-shaker amadala kasawoti, ama-pepper shaker.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenziwa okuzenzakalelayo zomtshali wembewu wepiston.
Uma izaqathe zitshalwe ngaphambi kobusika, zijulisa ngokuqinile, okungenani ama-5-6 cm. Ukusuka ngenhla, imisele imbozwe ngenhlabathi efudumele kuphela, elethwe ngokukhethekile usuku noma ezimbili egumbini. Umbhede ufakwe ingxube yama-humus nama-peat chips. Ungathela nesihlabathi phezu kwemisele - ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukuthi uzithole entwasahlobo.
I-adhesive tepi enhlanyelo ye-karoti imane ibekwe emgodleni, bese imbozwe ngenhlabathi
Izindlela zokutshala izaqathe
Abalimi abaningi bazama izindlela zokutshala izaqathe futhi ngasikhathi sinye baqoqe izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu. Uma usubhekisisa kabanzi, kuvela ukuthi izindlela eziyinqayizivele, uma uqala ukubheka, izindlela zingenazo izinzuzo ezisobala.
Ebhakede ngaphandle kwephansi
Ngaphezu kwamabhakede, basebenzisa imiphini yakudala, amabhodwe nokunye. Isitsha esinjalo singabekwa kunoma yiliphi ikona lecebo lesakhiwo sengadi ngokushoda okukhulu kwendawo.
Okokuqala udinga ukususa phansi ngokuphelele noma ushaye inani elikhulu lezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kuwo nasezindongeni. Isitsha sitholakala cishe ngesigamu sigcwele ingxube yenhlabathi evamile yengadi kanye ne-humus, cishe amasonto ayi-2-2,5 ngaphambi kokutshala, siniselwa kakhulu ngesisombululo sanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-nitrogen (10-15 g nge-10 l).
Izitshalo ezenziwa ngezimpande ezitshalwe ebhakedeni ziyabonakala futhi zikhulu kakhulu
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhamuke, ibhakede livaliwe - lokhu kuqeda ubungozi bokuthi imbewu izogezwa enhlabathini noma iqhume. Isendlalelo esisethangini sishisa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke isivuno sivuthwa ngaphambili. Amahlumela aphumayo ambozwe ngomhlaba, kancane kancane agcwalisa ibhakede ngokuphelele. Ehlobo, ukutshala kudinga ukuthambisa okuningi nokufaka umanyolo njalo ngomanyolo we-organic. Izaqathe zibushelelezi futhi zikhulu kakhulu.
Inani elilinganiselwe lezilimo zezimpande lingatshalwa ebhakedeni. Ukukhiqiza kukhula kakhulu uma ukhulisa indawo yokutshala ibe yibhokisi lezinkuni ukuphakama okungama-20-25 cm. Kusukela ekwindla, noma imiphi imfucumfucu enezinto eziphilayo izowela phansi bese kuba yi-humus nenhlabathi evamile. Intwasahlobo enjalo ifudumeza ngokushesha okukhulu entwasahlobo.
Ngaphansi kwe-mulch
I-mulch ivikela ngempumelelo inhlabathi ekwehliseni ngokweqile nasekushiseni ngokweqile, ikonga kakhulu isikhathi sokulima ukhula ukhula. Umhlabathi uhlala umude isikhathi eside - le isanqante uyithanda kakhulu. Kuyindlela enhle yokuhlwanyelwa kwemikhonyane enomhlaba ekhiqiza ama-humus.
Le ndlela ibuye ibe nombukiso obalulekile - uma kusanda kusikwa utshani, utshani, utshani busetshenziswa njenge-mulch, amagundane nezinye izinduku kuvame ukuotshwa lapho. Inketho enhle kakhulu yi-humus, i-peat crumbs, umquba oluhlaza, i-nettle. Izinaliti azisetshenziswa, iqinisa kakhulu i-substrate.
Ukuhlanganisa imibhede nezaqathi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kusiza umlimi ukuthi asindise ukhula futhi andise izikhala phakathi kokuphuza
Umbhede umbozwe ngemboza sezithombo lapho izithombo zikhula ziya ku-12-15 cm ukuphakama, futhi ubukhulu besitshalo sezimpande bufika emunweni omncane. Inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi cishe izofudumala kahle - i-mulch ayigcini ukushisa kuphela, kepha ipholile futhi. Thela isendlalelo esingamasentimitha angama-7-8. Uma uwudlula, izitshalo zingamane "zishise".
Ividiyo: izici zemibhede ye-karching karrot
Nge-hydrogel
IHydrogel iyindwangu yokwenziwa, okuyibhola elincane elinemibala eminingi noma amakristalu. Amanzi angahlanzeki, ayanda ngevolumu, kuyilapho ezithukulula futhi ezithambisa i-substrate.
IHydrogel igcina umswakama isikhathi eside, igcwala inhlabathi ngayo
Lapho utshala izaqathe, amagremu asevele evuthiwe afakwa emgodini, othululwe ngamanzi afudumele, bese afafazwa ngembewu evela phezulu. Uma usebenzisa i-hydrogel, ubungozi bokubumba nokubola buncishiswa kakhulu. Amahlumela avela ngokushesha okukhulu - ngemuva cishe kwesonto. Ukunisela umbhede akuvamile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubalimi abangakwazi ukuhlala unomphela esizeni.
Kissel
Ukunambitheka kwejeli kuleli cala akubalulekile, ngakho-ke, kulungiselelwe nje kusuka kwesitashi namanzi. Cishe i-30 g iyoncibilika ku-100 ml bese, ngokuthela kancane uthelela epanini elincane (1 l) eligcwele amanzi, ulethe ku-thumba. Ubuningi obuqediwe kufanele bube nobukekayo, kepha ngaphandle kweziqalo.
Cishe isipuni esisodwa sembewu sanele ingilazi eyodwa. Zidinga ukuxutshwa ngokuphelele bese uketshezi luthululelwe epanini, ukunisela kungaba ngekhala elincane nokunye.
Ama-Kissel ngembewu ye-karoti ahlanganiswe kahle ukuze asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngangokunokwenzeka
Umsele olungiselelwe uthululwa ngejeli, embozwe ngumhlaba kusuka phezulu futhi oswakanyiswe kancane. Cishe i-250 ml ngomsele ngamunye kwanele. Isitashi ukudla okuhle kwezimbewu, izithombo ziyavela cishe isonto ngaphambili, izithombo zikhula ngokukhuthele.
Ividiyo: jelly yokutshala izaqathe
EsiShayina
Izaqathi zamaShayina zitshalwa eziseleni. Lokhu kuvumela inhlabathi ukufudumala ngokushesha, izitshalo zithola ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe. Ngokuphawulekayo kunciphisa ubungozi bokugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuvuna kulula ukuvunwa.
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwekhaba kungamasentimitha angama-20-30. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwawo singamasentimitha angama-60. Akhiwa ngokumane akhiphe ungqimba lomhlabathi ongenhla, ovundile kakhulu ezinhlangothini zombili. Uma inhlabathi ingeyinhle, ungaqala usabalalise i-humus exutshwe ne-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate (15 g no-30 g nge-5 l, ngokulandelana) embhedeni.
Indlela yaseShayina yokukhula izaqathi idinga ukwakhiwa kwama-ridges aphezulu
Imbewu itshalwe ngemigqa emibili ezinhlangothini eziphambene ukusuka phezulu kwelehla. Zijule ngobukhulu obungama-2 cm. Ngenyanga yokuqala, ukuthambisa okwanele kubalulekile. Ukuqoqa izitshalo ezimpande, sekwanele nje ukukhetha iziqongo.
Akukho kuncipha
Uma utshala izaqathe kukhulu kakhulu, khona-ke ukuncipha kuzodingeka. Kepha le yinqubo ethatha isikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula ukulimaza izimpande zezitshalo ezingomakhelwane, obekuhlelwe ukuthi zishiywe engadini. Kunezindlela zokutshala zokugwema ukuthamba.
- Hlanganisa imbewu yekherothi nesihlabathi esihle. Kwama-5 l, wezipuni eziyi-1.5-2 akwanele. Umxube obangelwa uswakanyiswe ngokulinganisa ngamanzi, ngemuva kwemizuzu engu-10-15, ama-grooves avele ngaphambili afana nosimende agcwaliswa ngendlela efanayo ngesisindo. Fafaza ngenhlabathi ejwayelekile ngaphezulu, amanzi futhi.
- Khetha imbewu emigodini. Mikhulu kunokwejwayelekile futhi ihlukeka kalula emhlabathini ngenxa yombala okhanyayo. Imbewu imane ibekwe emgodini owodwa ngasikhathi sinye sokuphumula okudingekayo.
- Glue imbewu kusengaphambili emgceni omncane wephepha lasendlini yangasese noma kwelinye iphepha elingelikhulu kakhulu, ugcine isikhathi esichaziwe. I-paste isetshenziswa njenge-glue; uma ifisa, kungangezwa amaconsi ambalwa e-biostimulant ewuketshezi. Iphepha enhlabathini libola ngokushesha.
- Hlanganisa imbewu namanzi. Kufanele ibiliswe, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-28-30 ° C. I-sachet eyodwa yanele ingilazi. Ngemuva kwalokho ingxube ephumela iqoqwe emlonyeni imane ikhafule emiseleni. Indlela le ingeyangempela, kepha ukusebenza kwayo sekufakazelwe yizizukulwane eziningana zabalimi.
Ukuphonsa izithombo zika izaqathi imfanelo kumele uma ukutshala kuminyene kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo ezimpande azinandawo eyanele
Ividiyo: Izindlela zokufika ngaphandle kokuncipha
Izaqathi ebusika
Umkhuba wokulima ukhombisa ukuthi lapho kutshalwa ebusika, izilimo zezimpande zikhulu futhi zimnandi kunokujwayelekile. Kepha kwisitoreji eside, azifanelekanga ngokwezigaba.
Indawo yokufakelwa kumele ibe yisicaba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imbewu izomane ihlanzwe ngamanzi ancibilikayo. Kufakwa kuphela umanyolo wezimbiwa emhlabathini. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhethwa zivuthwe zakuqala futhi zingabambi amakhaza (zihlukahlukene, hhayi ezi-hybrid). Lezi zindlela kuhlangatshezwe izaqathe uChantane, uVitamin, ubusika baseMoscow, iNantes-4, I-Peerless. Imbewu ithathwa njengejwayelekile, hhayi i-granular.
Izaqathe zeChantane zilungele impela ukutshala ebusika
Ukufakwa emhlabathini kwenziwa kakade enhlabathini eqandisiwe ekushiseni komoya kosuku okungaphezu kuka-2-3 ° C, inhlabathi - cishe -3 ° C. Le yingxenye yokuqala kaNovemba, ezifundeni eziseningizimu - Disemba. Izihlahla zisakwazi ukwenzeka ngo-Okthoba - imbewu izoqala ukukhula, ukuqhekeka nokufa ebusika. Akudingeki ukuba kufakwe emanzini ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kuqhume. Izinga elijwayelekile kumsele landa nge-20%. Ukujula kwalo kungama-5-6 cm.
Lapho utshala ekwindla, imbewu yekherothi idinga ukungcwatshwa ijule kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
Imisele imbozwe ngomhlaba ofudumele ovela phezulu, ohlanganiswe ngengxube ye-peat crumb nge-humus noma ngomquba obunjiwe, okwenza ungqimba lube nobukhulu okungenani be-5 cm. Isendlalelo esingezansi sakhiwe kancane, simbozwe ngotshani, amaqabunga, amahlamvu, i-lapnik. Lapho kwehla iqhwa ngokwanele, bamba umgodi weqhwa. Ebusika, ihlala kancane kancane, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi uvuselele lesi sakhiwo amahlandla ama-2-3, wephule ukugqwala okuqinile ebusweni.
Maphakathi no-Mashi, umbhede uhlanzwa yiqhwa, uqiniswe ngezinto ezimnyama zokumboza imisebe. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi kujwayelekile. Kuvunwa eminyakeni elishumi yesibili kaJuni.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho banikeza izeluleko zokutshala izithombo phakathi kwemigqa yezaqathi. Ikhuphuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okubonisa ukuthi imisele. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ukukhulula ukhula.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izaqathe ebusika
Izaqathe ku-greenhouse
Inzuzo yokukhula izaqathe endaweni ebamba ukushisa emasimini amancane engadi ayingabazeki. Lokhu kunengqondo kuphela ngezinga lezimboni. Kuhlwanyelwa lapho kufudumelwa khona ngogesi ngoSepthemba, kuvuna unyaka omusha kanye ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Lapho-ke izitshalo ezimpande zizovuthwa ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ngokutshala, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala nokuphakathi kukhethwa. Kufanele zilungele ukutshalwa emhlabathini ovaliwe. Kufanelekile, ngokwesibonelo, izaqathi iMinikor, i-Airlie Nantes, iMokush, i-Amsterdam yokuphoqa, i-Red giant.
Isikimu sokutshala nokulungiselela inqubo sifana naleso esinconyelwe inhlabathi evulekile. Ukuzilolonga kukhombisa ukuthi izaqathe ezikhule ku-greenhouse mancane amathuba okuthi zihlaselwe yizifo nezinambuzane, kepha izindlela zokuvimbela izifo akufanele zishaywe indiva.
Izaqathi zitshalwa endaweni abamba ukushisa okungekho kuyo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi iqondiswe kusuka empumalanga iye entshonalanga futhi ibe nophahla ophahliwe. Ezakhiweni ezinjalo, inhlabathi ifudumala ngokushesha. Ngaphambi kokuvela, inhlabathi iqiniswa ngezinto zokumboza ezimnyama.
Ividiyo: izaqathi ezikhulayo endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Akukho lutho olunamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo ukukhulisa izaqathe.Abalimi abaningi, nje belahla imbewu engadini, bese bathola isivuno esihle. Noma kunjalo, uma unakekela kusengaphambili ukuze udale izimo ezifanele noma ezisondelene zesiko, kuzodlula ukubonga engadini. Akunazidingo eziningi kakhulu izaqathi. Ukulungiselela imbewu ekhulayo kubaluleke kakhulu - kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuhluma kwaso nekhwalithi yezitshalo zezimpande ezizayo. Ngaphezu kwendabuko, kunezindlela ezingezona ezijwayelekile zokulima, ezingekho ngaphandle kwezinzuzo ezithile ezingathandabuzekiyo. Ngakho-ke, kunengqondo ukuzama okungenani emibhedeni emincane ukuze uqonde ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
