Insimu encane enomnandi - i-thyme, ehlanganisa umhlabathi owomile kanye nesibhakabhaka se-solar flower carpet, isikhombise isikhathi eside umuntu. AmaGibhithe asendulo asebenzisa i-Thyme ngezinhloso zomkhuba.
Ososayensi basendulo (u-Avicenna, uDioscorides, Theophrastus) wabhala ngezakhiwo ezinhle ze-thyme (i-antiviral, antifungal kanye ne-antibacterial). AmaGreki athi lesi sitshalo "umoya wokuphila."
ERoma lasendulo, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi i-thyme yanikeza indoda amandla, isisindo somzimba kanye ne-potency. AmaSlav ayekholelwa ukuthi ngokushisa ama-thyme kanye nokuphefumula emoyeni, babekwazi ukuhlangana nowonkulunkulu kanye nemimoya yokhokho babo.
I-Thyme, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-thyme, iyaqhubeka isimanga namuhla - ososayensi banamuhla bathi izifo ezibangelwa izifo azizange zenze ukumelana ne-thyme.
I-Thyme: incazelo yesitshalo
I-Thyme (lat. "I-Thymus") unamagama amaningi ahlukene: Swan, Bogorodskaya utshani, iphunga lemon, thyme, Chavor, thyme ezinwabuzelayo, impepho, pepper borage, njll.
I-Thyme genus ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400, ezibizwa kabanzi e-Eurasia, eMelika naseNyakatho Afrika. Iningi labameli balo banezici ezifanayo:
- i-shrub engapheli engaphansi (ukuphakama kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni nahlukahluka kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-35 cm);
- amanga aqanjiwe (noma izinyoni ezinwabuzelayo) ziqukethe izimpande ezizenzekelayo, ezigcwele amagxolo anamnyama;
- amagatsha e-peduncle ane-villi, i-herbaceous futhi iqondise;
- Amaqabunga aqinile atholakala ngokuphambene, umbala ovela ophuzi ukuya eluhlaza obumnyama;
- ukuma nobukhulu bamaqabunga kuxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo (oblong, nxazonke, njll);
- izimbali ezincane kwi-inflorescences (shades eziyisisekelo - pink, white, purple, in izinhlobo hybrid imibala ecebile kakhulu);
- ukunambitheka okumnandi okushisayo (okufudumele).
Uyazi? I-Thyme iqukethe ama-acids (i-quinic, i-caffeic, i-oleic, i-ursuloic, i-oleanolic, njll), i-gum, i-vitamin C, i-flavonoids, amaminerali, njll. Amafutha omnqumo, aphethwe i-thyme, asetshenziswe isikhathi eside njenge-antitifiral, anti-antiviral, ne-antibacterial agent. I-Thyme iyi-aphrodisiac eqinile (iqukethe i-thymol ne-carvacrol). Uma ukhwehlela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, iziqhumane ze-thyme kanye nama-teas kusiza ukwandisa ingculazi.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze thyme
Isitshalo esingenakuzithoba senza isikhala se-Eurasia, iMelika, eNyakatho Afrika. I-genme ejwayelekile ye-Thyme iboniswa inqwaba yezinto eziphilayo (phakathi kwazo zikhona lezo okunzima ukuzihlukanisa ngisho nochwepheshe). Izinhlobo eziyinhloko:
- i-thyme evamile (i-Thymus vulgaris);
- i-thyme ezinwabuzelayo (Thymus serpyllum) noma i-thyme;
- i-thyme enomuncu (i-Thymus vulgaris var. citriodora).
I-Thyme evamile
Izwe lakuleli lizwe yiSpain neningizimu yeFrance (lapha itholakala endle futhi lapha bekuyikhaya). Ihlukaniswe amaqabunga ayo amnyama amnyama (0.5-1 cm) wefomu lanceolate nezimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Kufaka ama-subspecies ahlukahlukene. Ngokwezinhlobo zayo izinhlobo eziningana zazifakwe (i-Alba - white, i-Splendens - maroon, ehlukahlukene-e-Elfin, njll)
I-thyme yenyama
Izinhlobo zezwe (I-thyme ezinwabuzelayo kanye ne-thyme ziyingxenye efanayo) - iNingizimu neMedithera. Yaziwa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000. Liye lalinywa kusukela ngekhulu le-16. Spread lonke elaseYurophu - kusukela eGrisi kuya eSweden, e-Asia.
Amagqabhagqabha anesikhumba, amaphethelo awo awahlanganisiwe (njenge-thyme). Izimbali - purple nge pink tinge. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yembala namaqabunga ahlukahlukene. Uhlukana nesomiso neqhwa. I-honey enkulu isitshalo.
I-Thyme lemongrass
Indawo okuvela kuyo yiNingizimu France. I-hybrid yemvelo ne-pink flower. Uhlukana nephunga elimnandi le-tart lemon. Amaqabunga amancane (ophuzi) aluhlaza okwebudala.
I-Thyme lemon isaba isimo sezulu esibanda, kuyadingeka ukuba uhlale endaweni yasebusika. Kudinga ukusika izihlahla njalo. Kuye kwahlonywa inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo (i-Queen Queen - amaqabunga anemingcele, Golden Duarf, uBertram Anderson - amaqabunga ngamachashazi aphuzi, njll)
Uyazi? Izici ezicikayo ze-thyme ziyakwazisa imikhiqizo yezwe lonke. E-France, i-thyme iyisici esiyinhloko se-Herbs of Provence ne-Bouquet Garni izinongo, e-England thyme eyesibili ngemuva kwe-mint ethandwa, eSpain naseGreece iminqumo ekhethiwe nge-thyme, e-Central Europe i-thyme iyisici esibalulekile samasobho nama-peas nobhontshisi, emazweni aseArabhu afakwe ku-Zahtar, eJamaica, eyaziwayo, eJamica. I-Lemon thyme iyanciphisa futhi ilethe amanothi e-lemon ukunambitheka kwenyama nenhlanzi izitsha. I-Thyme yengezwa nge-mint itiye.
Indlela yokutshala nokukhula kwe-thyme, ukutshala imithetho
I-Thyme ayidingi izimo ezikhethekile, futhi yenza lula ukulima nokukhathalela emasimini engadini. Kudingekile kuphela ukugcina izimo eziningana bese unikeza isitshalo:
- indawo enhle yomhlaba;
- izikhathi ezifanele zokufika;
- ukuchelela okulungile nokufaka umquba.
Ukukhetha indawo nendawo
I-Thyme ithanda ilanga (emthunzini ama-stalks akhishwa, isihlahla siba njalo, siqhuma kakhulu) futhi ukukhanya (nge-drainage enhle) inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi. Uma ukhetha isayithi kufanele ucabangele lokhu. Indawo yokutshala akufanele iqhutshwe njalo yimimoya (thyme iyesaba ama-drafts).
Kubalulekile! Uma inhlabathi 'isindayo' futhi isemanzini, ngaphambi kokutshala i-thyme, kubalulekile 'ukuyihlanza' ngesihlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani ukutshala i-thyme
Ensimini, imbewu ye-thyme itshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isikhathi esihle sokutshala izithombo ze-thyme kuyinto entwasahlobo (lapho amaqhwa ephela). Usuku lokutshala kufanele lufudumele futhi lube nelanga. Inqubo yokufika ihlanganisa izenzo ezilandelayo:
- ukumba imbobo (ubungako bayo kufanele bube kabili ubukhulu bebhodlela lokutshala);
- Lungisa ukuhlanganiswa kokutshala - hlanganisa umhlaba nomhlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo. Ingxenye yenhlanganisela ethulwe emgodini;
- susa isithombo kusuka ebhodweni bese uqondise rhizomes;
- ukutshala i-thyme emgodini (ukutshala ukujula kufanele kufane nokupheka);
- uthele ingxube esele emgodini, uphonse futhi uthule.
Uyazi? I-Thyme ingumlondolozo wemvelo, osetshenziselwa ukupheka ukwandisa impilo yeshalofu yokudla nokukhethwa. Izimbali ze-Thyme, ngenkathi zilondolozwa konke ukunambitheka kwesitshalo, ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi enomsoco.
Imithetho Yokunakekela I-Thyme
I-Thyme ingenakuzithoba, ukunakekelwa kulula, futhi ukukhula engadini ye-thyme kuncishiswe ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuphumula, ukukhulula inhlabathi.
Izici zokunisela nokudla izitshalo
Ukuze amanzi ahlanzekile, udinga ukuqapha isimo somhlabathi. Ukuphuza akufanele kube luningi (kusuka emanzini isitshalo sizoqala ukulimaza). Amanzi adingeka kakhulu uma kwenzeka isomiso, ngesikhathi sokukhula nangaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Ngezimvula ezivamile, inhlabathi ingahlanganiswa ngamatshe amancane. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze kutholakale kangcono ama-root, kuyadingeka ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi nge-hoe, ulahle ukhula. I-Thyme ayidingi ukugqoka okukhethekile.
Inhlabathi ingahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokutshala ufulawa noma uphondo lwempondo (lokhu kuzokwanela unyaka). Ngonyaka olandelayo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kufanele ukondle umquba womanyolo wamanzi.
Indlela yokwenza i-thyme izihlahla
Ukusika izihlahla zakho njalo kuzokuqinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu behlathi, ukuhlanganiswa kwawo.
Ukutshala izihlahla kuyenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (ukusika iziqhwala, ezibuthakathaka, izifo ezigulayo) noma emva kokuqhakaza (ukuncipha). Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-thyme entwasahlobo, kudingeka uhlole ngokucophelela amahlumela afile - angaphila.
Ukubonakala kwamabala asundu emagqabeni kungabonisa ukungabi nomoya nokukhanya - udinga ukusika umuthi. Amahlumela adutshulwe endaweni yawo (2/3 we-stem) nge shear ebukhali.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole imifino enkulu yemifino, i-thyme idinga ukukhishwa njalo futhi ayivunyelwe ukuqhakaza.
Izisekelo Ezizalisayo Ze-Thyme
I-Thyme isakaza ngezindlela ezimbili - imbewu kanye nemifino.
Indlela yembewu
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhulula indawo yokutshala imbewu kuyo yonke ukhula (imbewu ye-thyme yincane kakhulu, kuthatha inyanga ukuhluma, izitshalo ezihlumale zibuthaka kakhulu). Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphuma kuyoba ukuhluma kokuqala kwembewu ku-greenhouse:
- Kusukela ngoMashi ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, imbewu isitshala (ukuhlwanyela ukujula - 0.5-1 cm) esitsheni ngokutshala izinto (inhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat ngesilinganiso esifanayo). Ngaphambi kokuvela, isitsha kufanele sivaliwe ngefilimu ebonakalayo noma ingilazi. Ngokuvamile (ekushiseni kwama-25-30 ° C) amahlumela azohluma ngesonto;
- ngenyanga yokuqala ukugcina umswakama omunwe olinganiselayo, izithombo ezincane. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izithombo kakade kufanelekile ukutshala kusayithi.
Kubalulekile! I-Thyme ingandisa ngokukhululeka ngokuzihlwanyela futhi yandisa indawo yokukhula kwayo.
Ukukhiqiza izitshalo
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokukhiqiza i-thyme:
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ukuze ukhule ngokujwayelekile, i-thyme bush kufanele ihlukaniswe kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba isitshalo, unyakaze umhlabathi ema-rhizomes, phansi uhlukanise ube yizicucu bese uhlukanisa izinqubo ezincane zezimpande.
Ngemva kwalokho, umhlaba. Ukuze uthuthuke kahle, izingxenye ezitshalwe ezihlahleni kufanele zimbozwe nge-glass jar.
- Cuttings. Ngale ndlela izinhlobo ezincane zikhula kangcono. Amahlumela athalwa entwasahlobo asekelwe emgodini wesihlabathi.
Isiqukathi sigcwele ifilimu; ukusika kufanele kuvuselelwe ngezikhathi ngamanzi avela ebhodleleni le-spray. Ukuvuthwa kwemvelo kwenzeka ngosuku lweshumi nambili.
Ukuqhamuka kwenzeka ngenyanga eyodwa emva kokuqothula.
Uyazi? I-Thyme ikwazi ukuphulukisa izakhiwo ngenxa yobukhona be-thymol ku-stem namaqabunga, ahlasela ngokuqinile amabhaktheriya endle ye-coccal, kodwa engaphansi kwesifo esinobuthi kunamanye ama-phenols.
