Isitshalo seqanda kubhekiselwa kwimifino, ekutshaleni kwayo okungewona wonke umlimi othatha. I-thermophilic kakhulu futhi inesikhathi eside sokukhula. Endaweni evulekile, ayitshalwa yonke indawo: kumzila ophakathi nendawo, ukuhlwanyela ama-isitshalo seqanda kungenzeka kungalethi impumelelo elindelekile. Noma kunjalo, ubuchwepheshe bakhe bezolimo abudingi lutho olukhethekile: kuthatha isikhathi, ukushisa, umswakama nenhlabathi evundile kakhulu.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala, ukulungiselela inhlabathi nemibhede
Isitshalo seqanda sibiza kakhulu ngezimo, ngeke sikhule lapho kunesidingo. Njengoba "amancane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" eyi-thermophilic kakhulu, kukhethwa indawo yombhede okhanyiswe kahle yilanga, evikelwe yimimoya ebandayo. Ngakho-ke, eduzane kufanele kube nodonga lwendlu, uthango olungenalutho noma umugqa wezihlahla. Akwamukeleki ukutshala isitshalo seqanda ezindaweni eziphansi lapho kuhlangana khona amanzi emvula, noma lapho kudlula khona amanzi asemhlabathini: isivuno sisidinga kakhulu umswakama, kepha asikwazi ukubekezelela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu ilula, kepha isihlabathi esinamanzi kakhulu ngokuphendula okungathathi hlangothi kwemvelo. Ngisho nesihlabathi esincane senezelwa enhlabathini ethambile, nobumba aluyifanele i-isitshalo seqanda: inhlabathi enjalo idinga ukulungiswa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Umbhede ungaba yisiphi isayizi elula, kepha baqala ukuyilungiselela ekwindla, bambe ngokucophelela le ndawo ngokufakwa kwemithamo emikhulu yomanyolo we-organic ngasikhathi sinye besusa ukhula olungapheli. Konke ngaphandle komquba omusha kuzokwenza.
Lapho bemba nge-1 m2 yenza ibhakede le-sawdust kanye nomquba obolile, kanye namabhakethi amabili we-peat. Uma kungekho-peat, inani le-humus (noma umquba omuhle) kufanele liphindwe kabili. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo, engeza imbiza yelitha yomlotha wezinkuni kanye nenani elincane lomanyolo wamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, wezipuni ezi-2 ze-nitrophosphate). Kodwa-ke, uma kunesilinganiso esanele se-peat kanye ne-humus esezingeni eliphakeme, umanyolo wamaminerali angabiwa ngawo.
Njengoba ama-eggplant ethanda kakhulu ukufudumala, ngabo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu kakhulu, bavame ukulungiselela imibhede efudumele. Ngale njongo, bumba umgodi ongafika ku-20 cm ukujula. Faka i-brashi, amagatsha ezihlahla, amaqabunga awileyo, udoti, imfucumfucu ehlukahlukene yasendlini, imfucuza yokudla, njll... Inqwaba ephumayo iniselwa ngomusa ngokungeniswa komquba noma amaconsi ezinyoni, bese kuthelelwa ungqimba lomhlabathi ovundile. ukuze uthole umbhede ongafika kuma-30 cm ukuphakama.
Umbhede ofudumele uvumela izimpande zama-eggplant ukuthi zihlale zisesimweni esihle
Izinhlangothi zemibhede, uma kunesidingo, zifakwe kunoma yikuphi okuphathekayo, isibonelo, amabhodi amadala abanzi. Ebusika, ungqimba olungaphezulu lubuya lubiwe okuncane futhi lulinde intwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokuba kutshalwe izithombo, umbhede waphinde wakhululwa, kwathi ngosuku olwandulela ukutshala wachithwa kahle ngamanzi afudumele. Kungcono ukwengeza idlanzana le-mullein noma amaconsi amancane enyoni ebhakedeni lamanzi.
Ilungiselela izinto zokutshala
Isitshalo seqanda sinesikhathi eside sokukhula. Ngakho-ke, izithombo ezikhulayo cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo yesimo sezulu kungenzeka, futhi izithombo ziqala ukulungiswa kusukela ekugcineni kobusika. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu engadini kungenzeka kuphela eningizimu yezwe lethu, futhi ngisho nalapho ngeke bakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithombo ukuthola izitshalo zokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokutshala embhedeni wengadi, izithombo kufanele zibe sezimbizeni izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezimbili, ngakho-ke isitshalo seqanda ekhaya kungenye yezokuqala ukuhlwanyelwa.
Ungayihlola kanjani imbewu ukuze ihlume
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-isitshalo seqanda ezitholakalayo, udinga ukukhetha ukuthi zi-zoned. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esifundeni esiphakathi emhlabathini ovulekile, zingatshalwa kuphela izinhlobo zokuqala zakuqala noma zakudala. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zinconyelwe ini: ezindawo zokugcina izithombo noma umhlaba ovulekile. Uma imbewu ingeyintsha kakhulu, kusesebusika akufanele ushiye isikhathi futhi uyihlole ukuze ihlume, uma nje lokhu kuhlolwa kungathatha amasonto amabili.
Ngakho-ke, ebusika, udinga ukuthola imbewu embalwa esikhwameni (akuyona isihawu, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwezicucu ezi-6) bese ucwilisa usuku emanzini, bese usakazeka ngendwangu emanzi futhi ubeke endaweni efudumele (cishe u-30 ° C). Ekuseni nakusihlwa kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ucwaningo futhi, uma kunesidingo, moisten indwangu. Uma ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10 ekushiseni okunjalo okungenani uhhafu wembewu eluma, awukwazi ukuthenga okusha.
Ukuzuza ukuhluma kwe-100% ngeke kuphumelele; uma kukhonjwe uhhafu, ukuhlolwa kungamiswa
Mangakhi amaqanda amaqanda aqhuma
Imbewu yama-eggplant "enamahloni", ikhula kancane. Kunzima ngisho ukusho ukuthi singakanani isikhathi abasidingayo salokhu: lapho ukuhlwanyela ngembewu eyomile, amahlumela okuqala angavela ngezinsuku eziyisikhombisa, bese kulindeleke ukuthi kuvele izihibe ezintsha nsuku zonke. Le nqubo ingahlala amasonto amathathu, okuyiqiniso, engamukeleki. Ngakho-ke, imbewu ye-isitshalo seqanda kufanele ilungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa. Ngaphezu kokubheka imbewu ukuthi ikhule, le nqubo ifaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlanza kwabo igciwane kwekhambi le-potanganum permanganate.
- Ukuphatha imbewu esiqandisini.
- Ukwelashwa okukhuthaza ukukhula.
Kungenzeka yini ukuhlwanyela imbewu emisha kusuka ku-sachet ngokushesha, yomile? Vele ungakwenza. Ezimweni ezidalwe kahle, ngokuqinisekile bazovuka. Vele uyenze izokwelulwa, okuyinto engahambi kahle kumlimi: phela, izithombo kufanele zibekwe ngokuphuthumayo endaweni epholile, futhi ukuze kubonakale okulandelayo udinga ukufudumala. Inkinga ...
Ukwelashwa kwe-soaking kanye nembewu
Imbewu enomkhiqizo, ebizayo ayikwazi ukubulawa magciwane, izinhlangano ezinkulu zokuhweba zizama ukuthengisa kuphela ezinempilo. Kodwa kuzoba okuthembekile ngokwengeziwe ukubaphatha imizuzu engama-30 ngesisombululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate, ngemuva kwalokho kuhle ukugeza ngamanzi asobala. Kulokhu, ingxenye yembewu, ebuthakathaka kakhulu, izophuma. Ungacabangi ukuthi azisizi ngalutho, zimane nje zibuthakathaka kunabanye. Ngakho-ke, uma kunezinhlobo eziningi zembewu, i-pop-up ingalahlwa. Uma udinga ukonga, kufanelekile ukutshala imbewu ngokuhlukile: ukukhanya nesindayo kuzothuthuka ngesivinini esingafani.
Njengoba kithi kutholakala ukuthi kuhlelelwe ukukhulisa ama-ama-eggplant emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyadingeka ukuzenza lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu ziqala ukuthambisa (yize, vele, zimanzi vele nathi!). Kepha udinga ukuwabamba amahora amaningi emanzini afudumele (ama-degree angama-30) aze akhukhuleke ngokufanele, bese uwafaka esithendeni esimanzi futhi uwagcine ngokuhlukile ekushiseni nasesiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-66 kanye nokuvama kwamahora ayi-10-12.
Ungasheshisa kanjani ukuhluma kwembewu
Ngisho imbewu ye-isitshalo seqanda eyenziwe yaqina futhi yaqina isikhathi eside futhi yelulwa, ukuze isakwazi ukusizwa. Isitshalo seqanda singenye yalezo zibonelo zemifino, ukutshalwa kwayo okungafanele kunganakwa ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwembewu ngezinhlanganisela zokukhula. Phatha izithuthukisi zidinga ukuvuvukala, kepha kuze kube manje azikabeki imbewu.
Kulokhu, ungasebenzisa, ngokwesibonelo, i-Epin-Extra noma i-Zircon ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo eselebula. Banomthelela ekukhuleni kokuhluma, kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezithombo. Ungagcina imbewu kulokhu kulungiswa isikhathi eside, kuze kufike ngosuku, kepha isikhathi esijwayelekile amahora angama-8-10. Kunezidakamizwa eziningi ezifanayo, ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni se-ancinic eshibhile (i-0,2 g / l), kepha ekhaya, ngokwesibonelo, ijusi le-agave elihlanjululwe ngamanzi izikhathi ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-10 lisebenza ngokufanayo.
Ukukhula okuthuthukayo akugcini nje ngokusheshisa ukuhluma, kodwa futhi kukhulisa ukumelana kwesitshalo
Ngaphezu kwale mishanguzo, ukufakwa kwe-ash ash lokhuni kunomthelela ekusheshisweni kokuhluma kwembewu. I-4-5 wezipuni zigcizelela usuku 1 litre lamanzi, khona-ke imbewu igcinwa kuyo amahora angama-6-8. Ngisho nokufaka ngocwayi imbewu emanzini ayiqhwa kuyasheshisa ukuhluma kwazo kancane. Noma imiphi yale miphumela isheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3, kepha, okubaluleke kakhulu, inciphise ubude bokuhluma kwembewu yama-isitshalo seqanda.
Ukuhluma kwembewu
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinqubo ezichaziwe, ingxenye yembewu izokuluma impela, futhi ukuhluma kwazo okuqhubekayo akudingekile. Imbewu elungiselelwe ngale ndlela isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa. Kepha abanye abalimi bazama ukulinda cishe yonke imbewu ukuba ibambe, bese beyitshala vele ngemisila. Akunangqondo enkulu kulokhu, ukuhlwanyelwa kuphela kuzoba nzima: kumele sizame ukungaphuli le misila.
Kepha abathandi bokwembathisa kusaqhuma. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukufaka imbewu elungisiwe futhi emgodleni omanzi, ukudala izimo zokugcina ukushisa kuzo (ngokwesibonelo, ukuzisongeka esikhwameni sepulasitiki, futhi uma kunjalo, zifake esitsheni sikaPetri) bese uzifaka endaweni efudumele enamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-28 mayelanaC. Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kwenziwa kabili ngosuku: imisila idinga ukukhula emuva kuka-6mm mm, akufanele inikezwe.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo
Izithombo ze-eggplant kufanele zitshalwe ekhaya: ukhetho lokugcina ukushisa lufanele kuphela eningizimu yezwe. Noma kunjalo, lapho kukhona abamba ukushisa okufudumele, lokhu kungenziwa noma kuphi.
Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda kanjani izithombo
ENingizimu yezwe lethu, izithombo sezivele zitshalwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, noma ngisho nangaphambilini, futhi ngisho nangomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, lokhu kwenziwa ebusika. Imbewu iqanda iqine ngokuqinile, futhi izithombo zikhula kancane, ngakho maphakathi noFebhuwari kuyadingeka ukulungiselela iziqukathi, ingxube yenhlabathi kanye nembewu yokutshala ukuze ungazitshala ngaphambi kokuqala kukaMashi. Uma ungenaso isikhathi sokuqeda ukuhlwanyela ngaphambi maphakathi no-Mashi, awukwazi ukukuqala, kungathembeka ngokwengeziwe ukuthenga izithombo ezikulungile emakethe ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo.
Inqubo yokuhlwanyela
Kungcono ukutshala imbewu masinyane emabhodweni we-peat wesayizi ophakathi nendawo noma omkhulu, kepha imvamisa imbewu ihlwanyelwa kuqala ebhokisini elincane elijwayelekile, bese ihlwelwa ezimbizeni. Ukuze ukhule inani elincane lamabhasi, kulula ukuthenga inhlabathi esitolo. Uma ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiswa ngokuzimela, enye yezindlela zokupheka ezinhle kakhulu ithambisa inhlabathi enhle yengadi (1: 1) kanye nokwengezwa kwesihlabathi esimsulwa esingu-10%. Kufakwa i-ash eyikhulu yezinkuni kanye namagremu angamashumi amabili we-urea ebhakedeni lengxube enjalo.
Kuyadingeka ukhubaza inhlabathi yakho: uwuchithe ngesisombululo esifudumele nesikhanyayo se-potanganum permanganate. Lo msebenzi kumele uqedwe cishe izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kulula. Mikhulu impela, angathathwa kalula ngama-tweezers eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye futhi abekwe ebhokisini elinomhlabathi. Indlela elula ukusabalalisa imbewu ngokuya ngephethini le-5 x 5 cm, bese uyigcwalisa ngengqimba encane yengxube yenhlabathi. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izilimo kufanele zithululwe ngokucophelela ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi ambozwe ngefilimu.
Noma yiliphi ibhokisi elifanele lingakhethwa njengebhokisi.
Kuze kufike amahlumela okuqala, udinga ukugcina izinga lokushisa elingu-25-28 ° C, lokhu kuyisonto noma isigamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhokisi kufanele libekwe endaweni epholile, ekhanyiswe kahle ewindini. Ezinsukwini ezingama-5-6, ungavumeli izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-16-16 mayelanaC, ngaphandle kwalokho, esikhundleni sokuthuthukisa izimpande, izithombo zizokwelula ngokushesha, futhi izithombo ngeke zikulungele. Lapho-ke amazinga okushisa kufanele akhuliswe kancane kancane abe ngu-23-25 ° C, ebusuku - aphansi kancane. Ukushisa okunjalo nokukhanya okukhanyayo kuzodingeka izithombo kuze kufike ekutshaleni engadini.
Ukunakekela izithombo
Ukunakekela izithombo kufaka ukuqapha amazinga okushisa nokukhanya, ukuthambisa ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuthambisa ezimbalwa futhi, uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ebhokisini, ukuthathwa okufika ngesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukunisela kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, ngaphandle kokudlula ngokweqile: kuzithombo ezingenambewu ezingenambewu zigula ngokushesha ngomlenze omnyama. Ukomisa kwenhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe, ngoba lokhu kuholela ekuqothulweni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesiqu kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwenani lesitshalo esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho izithombo zondliwa isonto nesigamu ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala, okwesibili - amasonto amabili emva kokukhethwa. Indlela elula ukuthi usebenzise ukugqoka okulungiselelwe okwenzelwe izithombo, ungasebenzisa noma yimuphi umanyolo wamaminerali ogcwele ngokwemiyalo yawo.
Uma imbewu ihlwanyelwe ebhokisini elivamile, maduze izithombo zizodingeka ukuthi zigxunyekwe emabhodweni we-peat ahlukile ngomumo ofanayo wenhlabathi. Izithombo ze-eggplant zikhula ngokungalingani, futhi ukukhetha kufanele kwenziwe ngokukhetha, njengoba izithombo zithola amaqabunga amabili eqiniso. Ababuthakathaka bangcono ukulahla ngaso leso sikhathi. Futhi ulungele ukushona ngemuva kokunisela okuhle, kufanele uzame ukumba ngaphandle kwebhokisi ngenqwaba yomhlaba, ngaphandle kokuphula izimpande.
Kuwo wonke amabhodwe we-peat atholakalayo wezithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda, kufanelekile ukukhetha okukhulu kunakho konke
Ukuphina izimpande ngesikhathi sokumba akufiseleki. Zingancishiswa kancane kuphela uma amagatsha emikhulu kangangokuba angalingani ebhodweni le-peat. Izithombo ezitshalwe kabusha ziniselwa kahle futhi ziyahlanzwa izinsuku eziningana kusihlwa, emva kwalokho zibuyelwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile.
Ukugcina izithombo ngaphambi kokutshala
Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ze-eggplant emhlabathini ovulekile, ziqala ukuzenza lukhuni, kancane kancane zijwayela izimo zemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala ngokunciphisa ubukhulu bokunisela, bese kancane kancane ukhipha izithombo ezisekhalweni. Kuliqiniso, okokuqala akufanele ukwenze lokhu emazingeni okushisa ngaphansi kuka-16 mayelanaC futhi ubekezelele amahora angaphezu kwangu-1-2. Kancane kancane khulisa isikhathi.
Kubalulekile futhi ukufundisa izithombo elangeni elihangulayo, okumele futhi lenziwe kancane kancane. Okokuqala, "ukushiswa yilanga" kuhlelwe imizuzu eyi-15-20, bese kuba nangaphezulu.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda enhlabathini evulekile
Lapho utshala izithombo engadini, kufanele okungenani ibe namaqabunga amakhulu angama-5-8 aqhakazile, isiqu esimfishane esifushane nokuphakama okungama-22-25 cm.
Zithathwa nini izithombo zingene emhlabathini
Isikhathi esiqondile sokutshala izithombo ze-eggplant sinqunywa hhayi kuphela ngesimo sezulu salesi sifunda, kodwa futhi nesimo sezulu samanje. Ukushisa komoya okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi kufanele okungenani kube ngu-20 mayelanaC. Ezindaweni eziningi akunangqondo ukulinda, futhi kufanele utshale ama-eggplants ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana. Kepha kunoma yikuphi, inhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-10-12 cm kufanele ifudunyezwe kuze kufike okungenani ku-15 mayelanaC.
Isikhathi sokutshala esilinganiselwe sezithombo zezitshalo ezingamaqanda ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene:
- eningizimu yeRussia - Ephreli 25 - Meyi 5;
- emgqeni ophakathi naphakathi eBelarus - Meyi 25 - Juni 5;
- esifundeni sase-Ural, eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga naseSiberia - Juni 10 - 15.
Izithombo zitshalwa kusihlwa, lapho ilanga lingasabhaki, futhi okungcono kakhulu uma isimo sezulu esinamafu sibikezelwa ezinsukwini ezizayo.
Yini umanyolo ukubeka emgodini lapho ukutshala
Uma umbhede umanyiselwe kahle ekwindla, entwasahlobo lapho kukhululwa imibhede, ungahlakaza umlotha omncane wokhuni kuphela. Kepha lapho ngitshala izithombo, abalimi abaningi nabo benza umanyolo wendawo emgodini ngamunye. Akufanele zibe ziningi, ngoba izimbobo zenziwe zincane, ubukhulu bebhodwe. Kwanele ukwengeza umlotha omncane noma isipuni se-azofoska, bese uhlanganisa ngokucophelela umanyolo nenhlabathi.
Cishe zonke izitshalo ezifana nomlotha, nesitshalo seqanda kuyinto ehlukile
Abalimi abanolwazi babeka u-anyanisi ikhasi emgodini, oqoqwe bonke ubusika. Kungabizwa ngokuthi ngumanyolo onoluliwe, kepha i-husk isiza kahle ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhoba selomile, bayalithatha, lingakanani inani elilingana nalo esandleni, balihlikihle bese beliphonsa emgodini wokufika.
Izindlela nezinhlelo zokutshala isitshalo seqanda, ibanga phakathi kokutshala
Inketho yendabuko yezithombo ekhulayo isezimbizeni ze-peat, ngakho-ke lapho uyihlwanyela, ayisusiwe ebhodweni, ingcwatshwa ngokuphelele emgodini. Izimbiza zikhiqizwa ngobukhulu obahlukahlukene obudongeni, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa ephakathi ukuthola ama-eggplant, kepha izindonga eziwugqinsi zivame ukufakwa emhlabathini onamanzi amaningi, izimpande ze-eggplant ziyakwazi ukungena kuwo.
Uma izithombo zikhule ezimbizeni ezinokuphinda zisebenze ngaphansi komhlaba, ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele ziniselwe ngokucophelela, kepha kungakapheli amahora angama-5-6 ngaphambi kokuba zisuswe ebhodweni, ukuze ukusunduza phansi ungathola ikhiyubhu yenhlabathi enezithombo zezandla ezandleni zakho, kunokuba kube yindawo eshaywayo. . Zonke izimpande kufanele zigcinwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Into enzima kakhulu ukukhipha izithombo ebhokisini elijwayelekile, uma ehlala kulo kuze kube ihlobo. Lokhu kudinga ukunemba, ngoba ebhokisini izitshalo ezingomakhelwane zihlangana nezimpande. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo seqanda asinconywa ngokwezigaba ukuthi sikhule ezitsheni ezivamile.
Akunandaba ukuthi kutshalwe kuphi futhi kuphi izithombo, wonke amabanga aphakathi kwezihlahla ezisendaweni evulekile azofana. Iphethini yokutshala inqunywa yizinketho zombili zomnikazi nezinhlobonhlobo ze-isitshalo seqanda, futhi ngenxa yalokho usayizi wesihlahla sabadala esizayo. Ama-eggplant ngokuvamile atshalwa emibhedeni enobubanzi obujwayelekile, ngakho-ke imigqa emibili itholakala ibanga phakathi kwayo ngamasentimitha angama-50-70. Emigqeni ephakathi kwamasethi, kushiya amasentimitha angama-35-45, anciphisa la manani kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezikhula kancane kakhulu.
Amahlathi ama-isitshalo seqanda ngokuvamile akhula ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke ukutshala akufanele kuminyanise
Ngaphezu kwesikimu esinjalo, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa eyodwa enezikwele. Kulokhu, izimbobo zembiwa ngephethini yokuhlola ibhodi, kumakhilomitha angama-60 cm womabili imigqa naphakathi kwawo. Uma kunezithombo eziningi zezithombo, kepha singekho isikhala esanele, ungathuthukisa le nketho ngokwandisa ibanga ukuya ku-70 cm futhi utshale izihlahla ezimbili esidlekeni ngasinye, ngaphandle kwalapho, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezinde kakhulu.
Ukujula kokufakelwa
Yonke into ilula ngokujula. Uma izithombo zisezingeni eliphezulu, zingakhuphuki, zisitshala ngokujula okuncane: cm cm ngokujula kunokuba zikhule ekhaya. Ukuthambekela, njengakwimeko yamatamatisi, awadingi. Uma izithombo zingalungile kakhulu, ungazama futhi ujule, futhi unganyelwa kancane. Kepha le ndlela ayisizi kakhulu isitshalo seqanda kakhulu: uma ukutshala ngokujulile utamatisi kungabangela ukukhula kwezimpande ezengeziwe, akuvele ukuthi kuqhume kuso isitshalo seqanda.
Izici nemithetho yokungena
Ukutshala izithombo ze-isitshalo seqanda akunzima kunapele noma utamatisi, kuphela kufanele kusingathwe ngokucophelela. Ku-utamatisi, ungaphula ngisho nesiqu: ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlumela amasha namaqabunga akhula, yize izithelo zizokubambezeleka. Ukuze uthole isitshalo seqanda, ukulahleka kokukodwa kwamaqabunga angama-5-6 atholakalayo kuzokwenza buthaka kakhulu izithombo. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi izihlahla zizokhula zibe zinde, futhi kufanele ziboshwe, kungcono ukunamathela ngezikhonkwane eduze kwezimbobo kusengaphambili ukuze ungazilimazi izimpande ezikhulayo. Izithombo ze-Garter ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokutshala, ngokunokwenzeka, ngeke zidingeke.
Imithombo egcwele umanyolo wendawo ifakwe kuqala ngamanzi afudumele, kuye ngesimo somhlabathi, kungadingeka amalitha amathathu. Kulula kakhulu ukutshala isitshalo seqanda "odakeni", kepha ngemuva kokutshala nokugcwalisa izikhala ngenhlabathi, ukuchelela kufanele kuphindwe. Inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla kumele ibanjiswe. Ngisho naseningizimu kusihlwa kusihlwa umbhede kufanele umbozwe kuqala ngezinto ezingalukiwe. Abanye abalimi ababasusi emibhedeni ihlobo lonke, bebeka kwizisekeli ezakhiwe ngokukhethekile, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile baphakamisa indawo yabo yokuhlala ama-bush.
Ukukhosela okwesikhashana kungaba yinto eyenziwe ekhaya, kepha emavikini okuqala kuyadingeka
Izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokutshala, isitshalo seqanda cishe asikhuli. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngezikhathi ezithile ungakhulula umhlabathi ozungeze izihlahla. Lapho ukukhula kuqalisa, kufanele kuniselwe kahle ngamanzi afudumele, kugweme ukuthambisa amanzi kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokuthi izihlahla zifike kubude obungama-30 cm, zikhonkotha iziqongo, okwenza ukukhula kwamahlumela aseceleni.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukutshala isitshalo seqanda ngendlela engesiyo imbewu
Kungenzeka yini ukwenza ngaphandle kwezithombo lapho kukhula isitshalo seqanda? Ngemuva kwakho konke, kungaba kuhle ukutshala imbewu engadini ngokushesha! Maye, lokhu kungenzeka eningizimu kuphela, futhi noma ngabe lapho kuyodingeka ukhohlwe ngokuthola imikhiqizo yokuqala. Kuzokwenzeka ukuthi uhlwanyele imbewu emigodini ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela hhayi ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, okusho ukuthi kufanele kukhethwe izinhlobo zokuqala zakuqala. Ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana, ukuhlwanyelwa eningizimu kungenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, uma inhlabathi isifudumeze okungenani okungenani i-14 mayelanaC.
Ngokuhlwanyelwa lokhu, kwenziwa izimbobo ezincane embhedeni ongadi olungiselelwe kusukela ekwindla, lapho imbewu engu-3-4 ibekwa khona ekujuleni okungaba ngu-2 cm. Amahlumela angeziwe ayasuswa, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izitshalo ezimbili zisale emgodini. Kunoma yikuphi, ekuqaleni izilimo kufanele zimbozwe ngefilimu, futhi lapho ingasuswa, kuya ngesimo sezulu esithile.
Yini ongakwazi nokutshala isitshalo seqanda eduze
Akunzima ukuthola amatafula akhombisa omakhelwane abahle nababi kakhulu ngesiko elithile noma isiko lengadi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukusondela kwezitshalo kuchazwa ngokunengqondo. Ngakho-ke, isitshalo seqanda asiyalwa ukuba sitshale eduze kwamatamatisi noma amazambane. Aziphazamisi ukukhula komunye nomunye, kodwa zinesitha esivamile - ibhungane lamazambane leColorado. Uma sesizinze kumazambane, kuzolimaza ne-ama-eggplant.
Imvamisa, isitshalo seqanda siyatshalwa ngopelepele, kucishe kufane phakathi kokutshala. Njengoba banezimo ezikhulayo ezifanayo, lokhu kunengqondo impela. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukubheka ukuphakama kwezitshalo ezindala ukuze izinhlobo ezinde ze-isitshalo seqanda zingawacasuli amahlahla apelepele, nawo adinga ukukhanya kwelanga.
Amapuni nobhontshisi kubhekwa njengomakhelwane abalungile kwabancane abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha lapha futhi, udinga ukunaka ukuphakama kwezitshalo ngokuya ngokufaka umithunzi. Isitshalo seqanda sihlangana kahle nanoma yiluphi uhlobo iklabishi. Futhi izimbali ezithandwayo ezinjengama-marigolds ne-nasturtium zixosha izinambuzane eziningi kude ne-isitshalo seqanda.
Izanduleli ezingamaqanda ngaphambi kokutshalwa
Ngabanduleli be-isitshalo seqanda abangathandeki, yonke into ilula: ayinakutshalwa ngemuva kwezilimo ezithile (amazambane, utamatisi). Ngokuqondene nezinye, azikhethiwe ngabandulelayo bazo, kubalulekile ukuthi izakhamuzi zangaphambili engadini zingadli zonke izakhamzimba zihlanzekile futhi zingavimbi inhlabathi ngembewu yazo nangezinambuzane ezingaba khona.
Kukholelwa ukuthi isitshalo seqanda sikhula kangcono ngemuva kaphethiloli, ukhukhamba, iparsley, izaqathe kanye nanoma yisiphi isivuno sesaladi.
Izinkinga zokufika
Akulula kakhulu ukuthi kukhule izithombo zesitshalo seqanda, kepha izitshalo ezindala, ngemuva kokuba sezingcolile engadini, azibangeli izinkinga ezinkulu kumgcini wegadi. Futhi izithombo zingadala ubunzima kuphela esigabeni sokuqala.
Isitshalo seqanda asihlumi
Izizathu zokuthi imbewu ehlwanyelwe ayihlumi ihlukahlukene, kodwa akufanele ukhathazeke kuze kube ngaphansi kwengxenye yenyanga ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu elungiselelwe kahle. Ezinye izizathu yilezi ezilandelayo.
- Imbewu embi enempilo yeshelufu ephelelwe yisikhathi, ngakho-ke bayalulekwa ukuthi bahlole ukuhluma ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwembewu osekucutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuthengiswa: ezinye izindlela zesimanje zandisa umkhiqizo, kepha zibambezela ukuvela kwezithombo; udinga ukulinda isikhashana.
- Ukutshala kujule kakhulu: lapho kuhlwanyelwe ujule ngaphezu kuka-3 cm, imbewu elungiselelwe ingabola.
- Imbewu iyabanda: emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kwama-20 mayelanaNgabo bangavuka isikhathi eside kakhulu, noma i-precipice.
- Umswakama owenziwe ngendlela engafanele: emhlabathini owakhiwe ngokweqile, imbewu ingoma, nenhlabathi ebolile ingabola.
Izithombo zeluliwe
Ukudweba izithombo kuyinkinga evamile, kepha izizathu zicacile. Lokhu kwenzeka okokuqala emva kokuhluma, lapho izinga lokushisa lidinga ukwehliswa bese kufakwa ukukhanya. Kepha uma imbewu ihlwanyelwa ebhokisini elivamile, kunzima kumlimi ukwenza ukukhetha: kwavela izithombo zokuqala, futhi ezilandelayo zingalindeleka isikhathi eside. Futhi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ekushiseni, izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane kakhulu zidonswa entanjeni.
Izintambo ezinjalo azisakwazi ukulondolozwa, udinga ukuhlwanyela futhi
Uma kutshalwe ngokushesha emabhodweni ahlukile - kulula, kuphela adinga ukudluliselwa kupholile. Kepha ibhokisi elijwayelekile ... Kuzofanele libekwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi lapho izithombo zokuqala sezivele "zilinganiselwe", ngaphandle kwalokho emazingeni okushisa aphansi angalandela lawo angalandela. Uma izithombo zisaluliwe, okokuqala ungangeza inhlabathi encane. Esimweni esibi ngokweqile, dlulisela izinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme ziye ekhaya elisha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uzijulise kakhulu.
Izithombo zeqanda ziyawa
Amahlumela amancane angawa (anyamalale) ngezizathu eziningi, kepha wonke abilisa ukunakekelwa okungafanele noma ukutheleleka. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinambuzane zivakashele izithombo, kodwa uma kunjalo, kuhle kakhulu: ukuqeda izinambuzane ekhaya kulula, mane nje ucofa izithombo ezisele nganoma yisiphi izinambuzane.
Kaningi, ngeshwa, izithombo ziwa ngenxa yokugula. Uma konke bekuhlelekile ngenhlabathi, umnikazi wayihluza ngokunisela. Kunezinketho ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukubola kwezimpande noma umlenze omnyama. Esimweni sokuqala, izithombo ezisele zingagcinwa. Kuyadingeka ukususa lawo awileyo, unisele inhlabathi ngesixazululo pinki se-potanganum permanganate, uveze ukukhanya okukhanyayo futhi komile kancane. Endabeni yomlenze omnyama, ungazama ukwenza okufanayo, futhi ungeze nesihlabathi esibunjiwe emhlabathini. Kepha amathuba okuba lokhu kuzosiza akusekho phezulu kakhulu.
Okokukhiqiza amaqanda amaqanda akhula emhlabathini ovulekile, empeleni, kukhona isithiyo esisodwa esikhulu kuphela: isikhathi eside sokushisa kwehlobo siyadingeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, bonke ubuchwepheshe bezolimo buyafana nalezo eziningi zezitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Umgcini wegadi unobunzima obukhulu kepha obunqobekayo esigabeni sokuqala sokutshala izithombo futhi okokuqala emva kokutshala engadini.
