Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngengadi yaseRussia ngaphandle kwamakhukhamba. Futhi noma ngabe azikho izakhamzimba kulo imifino, ukuqhekeza ikhukhamba eluhlaza ngqo engadini kuyinjabulo eqinisekile. Ukhukhamba utshala konke, ngoba akunzima ukukwenza. Ekusetshenzisweni kwasekuqaleni kakhulu, izithombo zikhula ngisho, kepha noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo engadini, izilimo zasehlobo zihlala ziqinisekisiwe.
Ukukhetha nokuklanywa kwenhlabathi nendawo yokuhlala
Ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu, ukwakhiwa kwemibhede yamakhukhamba kuhlukile. Futhi uma ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zokutshala zivame ukwenziwa endaweni eyisicaba, khona-ke ama-ridges aphezulu noma angaphansi afakiwe kulayini ophakathi nendawo. Ukwakha umbuso onamandla wokushisa womoya enhlabathini esindayo, amagwebu athululelwa ngaphezulu, emhlabathini ofudumele okhanyayo ayancishiswa. Emithambekeni, imigodi yenziwa ngokunqamula emthambekeni, endaweni eyisicaba - kucatshangelwa ukufudumala okuhle kakhulu kwelanga - kusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga.
Ezindaweni ezinomthamo omkhulu wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nenhlabathi ebandayo ebandayo, ukuhlwanyelwa kwamakhukhamba kwizimbobo ezihlukanisiwe zobuningi, obukude nemitha ukusuka komunye, kwenziwa kakhulu. Ekusebenzeni kwehlobo, ukhukhamba uvame ukutholakala emigqonyeni kadonga enesembozo sefilimu noma ngaphandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izindonga zaseningizimu zezakhiwo noma uthango olungenalutho. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ukhukhamba ukhule kuma-trellises, avikelwe ohlangothini oluseceleni kwesihlangu esivela kumabhodi noma ifilimu.
Uthango luwukusekelwa okungokwemvelo okuhle kwamakhukhamba, ngasikhathi sinye ukuwavikela emimoyeni.
Ngaphezu kwe-thermophilicity, ukhukhamba adinga ephakeme, ngokuqhathaniswa nezitshalo eziningi, imithamo yomanyolo, ikakhulukazi e-organic. Ngaphandle kokugcwaliswa okuhle kombhede ngezakhi, isivuno siyabambezeleka futhi sincane. Ngisho nomquba omusha ulungele kahle ukhukhamba, ikakhulukazi uma ulungiswa ngokumba ekwindla. Kepha kungcono, yiqiniso, ukuthi umquba uvuthwe okungenani uhhafu, ukhukhamba angasebenzisa umanyolo onjalo ngaso leso sikhathi sokuqala. Izingxube ze-Peat-compost nazo zilungile, kepha umanyolo wamaminerali usenezelelwa kunoma iyiphi into e-organic - 100 g / m2 i-nitrofoski noma imbiza engu-litre okungenani isigamu.
Ukhukhamba uzizwa kahle emibhedeni efudumele ephezulu. Ukuwahlomisa ekugcineni kwehlobo eledlule, bamba umgodi ongafika ku-30 cm ngokujula kosayizi wemibhede ezayo. Kudonswa imfucumfucu kuyo: izihlahlana zezitshalo, amagatsha amancane, amaqabunga awileyo, udoti wasendlini, ukuhlanza okuhlukahlukene. Konke lokhu kuniselwa ngezikhathi ezithile nge-infusion ye-mullein noma yokwehla kwenkukhu, kufafazwe ngomhlaba noma nge-peat. Ekwindla, inhlabathi enhle iyathelwa bese kwakhiwa ugibe, ikunciphise ezinhlangothini ngamabhodi noma ngesilayidi.
Entwasahlobo, umbhede ufafazwa ngomlotha, uthukululwe, uthululwe ngamanzi afudumele futhi umbozwe ngefilimu kuze kufike ekuhlwayeleni ukhukhamba. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe lethu, le filimu ayisuswa nhlobo, kepha kwenziwa izimbobo kuyo, lapho kutshalwa khona imbewu noma kutshalwe izithombo zamakhukhamba.
Ukukhetha imbewu nokulungiselela
Ukhukhamba ngokwemvelo yemvelo ingeyizitshalo zethanga. Kunamakhukhamba asehlathini, kodwa okuvame kakhulu ukukhwela lawo anobude obuhlukile beziswebhu. Okunye ukuhlukaniswa kuhlukanisa ukhukhamba ku-ulethisi kanye nobhontshisi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zenjongo yendawo yonke. Ngokuvuthwa, ukhukhamba ihlukaniswe ukuvuthwa kokuqala, maphakathi ekuqaleni kuka-nokuvuthwa.
Kukhona futhi ukhukhamba oluhlanjululwe izinambuzane kanye ne-parthenocarpic (self-pollinated). Ezinye izinhlobo zenzelwe ukutshala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ezinye endaweni evulekile (kepha eziningi zikhula lapho nalaphaya). Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kuncike ekuthandweni komgcini wegadi kanye nemibandela etholakalayo yokukhula.
Inani lezinhlobonhlobo nenzalo yamakhukhamba ezitolo manje ilinganiswa ngamakhulu, kodwa, ngokusobala, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe izinhlobo zakudala, ezihlolwa isikhathi zasekhaya. Ngenhlanhla, imbewu yamakhukhamba ayidingi ukuthengwa minyaka yonke, ngoba igcina ukusebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu. Imbewu emisha imbi kakhulu kunaleyo ebilokhu ilele iminyaka emibili noma emithathu: inengxenye enkulu yezimbali zesilisa.
Kukhona abalimi abafuna ukuthenga nzalo yakamuva njalo entwasahlobo, futhi kukhona labo abatshala izinhlobo zabo unyaka nonyaka futhi bathathe imbewu kubo. Isimo siyamangaza: ukuzethemba, empeleni, kukhulu, kepha izinkampani ezingathi sína manje zithengisa nzalo enhle kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, ukuqoqa imbewu kuzo akusizi ngalutho: akwaziwa ukuthi kuzokhula ini kulokhu.
Iningi lembewu e-hybrid iyathengiswa ukulungele ukuhlwanyelwa, futhi kudingeka usebenze kancane neyakho.
Akudingekile ukufeza zonke izigaba ezikhona zokulungiselela, kepha abalimi abanolwazi bakhetha kakhulu, ngombono wabo, obalulekile ohlwini olulandelayo.
- Ukulinganisa Imbewu yekhukhamba inkulu kakhulu, kanti yona ebaluleke kakhulu ihlukaniswa kalula ngesandla. Kuphephile ukwehlisa imbewu ube yisisombululo sikasawoti (isipuni se-dessert engilazini yamanzi) bese unyakaze. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa, ababuthakathaka bazovela, kungcono ukungabatshalisi.
Imbewu yamakhukhamba inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke okubi kakhulu kunganqunywa ngokuthinta
- Ukufudumeza. Imbewu entsha igcinwa kubhethri lokushisa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela; lokhu kwandisa isilinganiso sezimbali zabesifazane.
- Isikhubekiso. Ngembewu elungiselelwe ukuthengiswa, lokhu kusebenza kungakhethwa. Imbewu yakho kumele ilashwe imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ngesixazululo esiqinile se-potanganum permanganate, bese uhlanza kahle amanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukugqoka imbewu kudinga isixazululo esinamandla kakhulu se-potassium permanganate
- Ukugcotshwa ngezithuthukisi zokukhula. Abanye abathandi basebenzisa le ndlela ukukhulisa ukusinda kwezitshalo ezizayo. Okungalungile kakhulu yijusi le-aloe, elihlanjululwe amahlandla ama-5 ngamanzi, kusuka kuzidakamizwa ezithengiwe - iZircon noma Epin.
Izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo azinangozi ngokuphelele kubantu, ungesabi ukuzisebenzisa
- Ukungena emanzini. Ngisho nabalimi abaningi bazama ukuthoba imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala, nangaphambi kokuvuvukala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zigcinwa isikhathi esingamahora angama-24 emanzini at okushisa kwamakamelo noma okushisa kancane, bese zomiswa kancane ukuze imbewu itshalwe kalula. Inqubo enjalo ingasheshisa ukuvela kwezithombo kungadluli usuku, ngakho-ke incazelo yayo ayisiyinhle kakhulu.
- Ukuphatha. Akudingekile ukwenza lukhuni imbewu yokutshala ku-greenhouse, kodwa emhlabathini ongavikelekile lokhu kusebenza kuyasiza. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu yamakhukhamba kwenziwa ngokuthumela imbewu egxilile emathanjeni omanzi esiqandisini usuku.
- Ukuhluma. Imbewu zivame ukumila ku-sawdust emanzi. Kunengqondo ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuvela kwezimpande eziyinhloko - akukho ngaphezu kwesentimitha, uma kungenjalo kuzoba nzima ukukuhlwanyela. Kuliqiniso, abanye abathandi bafaka imbewu ngqo kugqabha naphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga ayi-cotyledonous, kepha ukutshala imbewu enjalo engadini kuzoba nzima kakhulu. Ukuze uthole izithombo, ekhaya, ngenduduzo, unga. Kepha incazelo ilahlekile: ungavele uhlwanyele imbewu emabhodweni kusenesikhathi.
Uma umila imbewu ifinyelela emaqabungeni, kufanele uyihlwanyele ngokucophelela
Kungenzeka yini ukwenza lutho kusuka kuloluhla olungenhla? Impela. Umbhali wale migqa uhlala ahlwanyela ukhukhamba ngembewu eyomile, ngqo kusuka kwiphakeji. Futhi aqhamuka kahle, ngemuva kwesikhashana nje. Noma, kunjalo, uma unesikhathi, ungenza noma yini inhliziyo yakho efisayo.
Izinsuku zokutshala ukhukhamba
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu noma sokutshala izithombo sixhumene neqiniso lokuthi azinaki nje kuphela kusiqhwa, kepha nakwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Izithombo nezithombo, uma zingavikelwe, zingafa lapho amazinga okushisa enhlabathi ehla ngaphansi kwe-10 mayelanaC. Imbewu yamakhukhamba imila lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela okungenani ku-14 mayelanaC. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi: kulayini ophakathi komgwaqo ohlwanyelwe ngembewu eyomile kufanele kube ngemuva kukaMeyi 25, futhi kuhlume ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni. Ukhukhamba luqala ukukhula futhi lukhule ngendlela evamile lapho izinga lokushisa lasemini lifinyelela ku-25 mayelanaC.
Ngokuqondene nezifunda zaseningizimu noma ezisenyakatho, lapho isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini siguqulwa ngamasonto angama-1-2 ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngokwalokho osekubonile, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlolwe isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo. Bazoncika ekutheni bahlela ukutshala izithombo endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Kusukela esikhathini sokuhlwanyela imbewu ukuya kokutshala izithombo engadini kufanele kuthathe izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwezi-35. Ngakho-ke, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, hlwanyela imbewu ezinkomishini ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Kuzokwazi ukutshala izithombo endaweni ebamba ukushisa okuhle osekwenziwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMeyi, okusho ukuthi izilimo zezithombo ziqala cishe ngo-Ephreli 1.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba kuzithombo
Njengoba kuma-nzalo amaningi okuqala okuvuthwa ukhukhamba wokuqala angazanywa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-33- 38 ngemuva kokuvela, isidingo sokutshala okuphoqelekile kokutshala imbewu siyangabaza. Kepha uma ufuna ukuzitholela imikhiqizo yakho masisha ngangokunokwenzeka, umlimi kufanele akhule izihlahla eziningana zezithombo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qokomisa ukukhanyisa kwewindows okukhanya kakhulu.
Ukhukhamba kubuhlungu kakhulu ukubekezelela noma yikuphi ukufakelwa, ngakho imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ezinkomweni ngazinye ezinomthamo we-300 ml, noma okungcono - ngamabhodwe we-peat asayizi aphakathi nendawo. Kumabhasi ali-12, kungcono ukuthenga inhlabathi esitolo, kepha uma unakho konke ekhaya ukulungiselela inhlabathi ethambisa umswakama nokukhanya, ungakwenza ngokwakho, qiniseka ukufaka umanyolo (umquba, umlotha, i-nitrofoska) kuyo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yamakhukhamba ezinkomishini akunzima.
- Basakaza imbewu engu-1-2 ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi enomswakama (2-3 ingcono, kepha imbewu isibize kakhulu!).
Njengoba imbewu ngayinye isivele ibiza ngaphezulu kwe-ruble elilodwa, kufanele uhlwanyele inkomishi eyodwa
- Mboza imbewu ngesendlalelo yenhlabathi cishe ngo-1.5 cm.
- Nisela izitshalo ngobunono, okungcono kusuka kusibhamu sokufafaza.
- Beka izinkomishi endaweni efudumele nenokhanyayo (kahle ngokushisa kuka-25-28 mayelanaC) futhi ukumboza ngengilazi noma ngefilimu.
Ingilazi engenhla kwengilazi idala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
Ukuvela kwezithombo zamakhukhamba kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-8, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nokushisa. Izinsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuhluma, izitshalo ezibuthakathaka kakhulu kufanele ziklanywe ngokucophelela ngesikere. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela, ingilazi isuswe, futhi amazinga okushisa ancishiswe abe yi-18 mayelanaC, ebusuku ama-degree ambalwa aphansi, bese ushiya izinsuku ezinhlanu. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, izithombo zizokwelula futhi zibe buthakathaka kakhulu.
Ngokuzayo, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingaba ngu-24 mayelanaUjabule no-18 mayelanaNgobusuku. Uma ukukhanyisa kwelanga akwanele, kuyadingeka ukuhlela ukukhanya ngamalambu we-fluorescent noma amalambu e-diode. Okunye kusezandleni zezithombo - ngokuqondene nanoma yiziphi izitshalo zemifino: ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo, uma kudingeka ukugqoka phezulu, ukuqina ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini.
Ukutshala ukhukhamba ngezinhlamvu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela ukhukhamba onenhlamvu ngqo engadini akufani nokuhlwanyela esinye isilimo, udinga nje ukukhetha isikhathi esifanele futhi, uma ukushisa kubambezelekile, lungiselela izinto zokumboza.
- Emibhedeni ebilungiselelwe ngaphambilini, ekhoneni lompheki noma enye into etholakalayo ibamba imifino ngokuya ngohlelo olukhethiwe. Imvamisa zisebenzisa i-tape ukufika. Kulokhu, lapho ukuhlwanyela izinhlobo zokuqala phakathi kwezintambo zishiya 30-50 cm, kwabanye - 40-60 cm.
Ukuze umake ama-grooves, noma yiliphi ibhodi lifanelekile
- Ama-Grooves athelwa kahle ngamanzi avela kwisithonjana sokunisela ngaphandle kwe-strainer futhi, ngemuva kokufakwa, imbewu ebekiwe ebekelwa phansi. Kuleliphi ibanga? Yebo, akusona isihawu: ekugcineni, izitshalo ezingeziwe zizosuswa, zishiya eziqine kakhulu kumabanga ayi-15-30 cm zisuka komunye nomunye.
Uma kunezinhlamvu eziningi, ungangena “usawoti” umhlabathi nazo, kodwa imbewu engafanele ibekwa ngakunye.
- Fafaza imbewu ngomhlabathi othathwe ohlangothini lwesiporo, noma nge-humus, ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha angama-2-3. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama nokushisa, umboze ngengubo yepulasitiki (ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhluma, ifilimu kufanele ithathelwe indawo nge-spunbond).
Ekuqaleni, ifilimu ingabekwa ngqo emhlabathini, kepha uma kufanele uyibambe isikhathi eside, kufanele wenze ama-arcs
Ividiyo: Ukuhlwanyela imbewu engadini
Amaphethini wokutshala ikhukhamba
Kunezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zamakhukhamba engadini. Ezintathu ezivame kakhulu zingahlukaniswa.
- Indlela ejwayelekile ifaka ukutshala ukhukhamba phezu kombhede emugqeni owodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke, phakathi kwemigqa abahlela indlela yamahhala, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa limayelana nemitha (ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lehliselwa ku-70 cm). Izitshalo emigqeni zitholakala ebangeni le-15-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Indlela yethiphu (imigqa emibili) ifaka ukubeka izintambo ezimbili embhedeni ojwayelekile kude ne-30-50 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma kunemibhede eminingana (futhi ngenxa yalokho ama-ribbons), kusale phakathi kuka-90 no-150 cm. Ukuhlwanyela (ukutshala) kwamakhukhamba kwenziwa nangobukhulu obulinganayo obulinganayo ngokuhlelwa komugqa owodwa.
Kumakamelo ehlobo, ukufika kwetiyipu kungenye yezithandwa kakhulu
- Iphethini yokubamba indawo eyisikwele. Kulokhu, izidleke zitholakala kude ne-65-70 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, kwesinye isikhathi zisephethini yokuhlola. Kuze kufinyelele imbewu eyi-12 emgodini onobubanzi obungaba ngu-12 cm, kuthi ngemuva kokuvela, izitshalo ezingama-5-6 ezikhule kakhulu futhi ezisendaweni etholakala kalula zishiywe. Ngokuthatha uhlelo olunjalo, sekuvele ukuthi esigabeni sokutshala imbewu ikhule amakhophi ambalwa ebhodweni ngasikhathi sinye.
Izindlela zokutshala ukhukhamba
Ngaphezu kokutshala ngokuphelele kwemvelo yamakhukhamba emibhedeni "njengoba kunjalo", okungukuthi, ngokubekelwa indawo yemivimbo esemhlabathini, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezihlose ukonga isikhala engadini. Futhi uma ukhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo bezikhula njalo kuma-trellises noma, okungenani, ukubopha imivimbo enguqonde endaweni ebheke phezulu, khona-ke indlela ye-trellis isiphenduke cishe isiko kubahlali abasahlala kancane ehlobo. Futhi emva kwakhe kwavela ezinye izindlela ezihlukile.
Ukutshala kweTrellis
Kwabonakala ukuthi ukhukhamba otshalwe eduze kwezihlahla ngokwazo ukhuphukela kalula phezulu eziphakeme ngokungenakufinyeleleka, ngenxa yalokho ama-apula namakhukhamba angaqoqwa esihlahleni esisodwa. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi kungani, kodwa engadini yamakhukhamba angahambisani kakhulu nezihlahla ezinamandla zama-apula kunokuthola ama-cherries aqinile noma amaplamu.
Besebenzisa leli qiniso, abalimi abaningi batshala ukhukhamba eduze kwezisekeli zemvelo (isibonelo, uthango) noma bazakhela zona. Ukhukhamba okhula ngokuqinile awugcini ngokugcina isikhala engadini. Kulula kakhulu ukubanakekela, kulula ukuqoqa, izithelo zilenga.
Ividiyo: ukhukhamba ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-apula
Lapho ukhula kwi-trellis, ukutshala okuminyeneyo kwezitshalo kungenzeka (ukunciphisa ibanga kokubili ngokulandelana naphakathi kwemigqa). Ngakho-ke, inani lomanyolo kufanele lenyuswe. Njengoba kungathandeki ukukhulisa isiko elilodwa iminyaka eminingana endaweni eyodwa, izingcweti zihlinzekela ukwakheka kwe-trellis kalula ukwehla noma ukuthwala. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ibanga phakathi kokuthunyelwe libonwa cishe ngemitha eyi-1, futhi kudonswa izintambo eziningana zentambo ngaphezulu kwazo.
Ukuze ukhukhamba ukhuphuke i-trellis, kuvame ukuba njalo ukufeza ukubopha kwezitshalo nge-twine ethambile. Isimo esilula uma kukhona igridi enamaseli amakhulu (okungenani i-15 cm). Ngokubeka igridi enjalo zibheke phezulu, awunakukhathazeka: ukhukhamba luzoziphatha njengomvini. Ungenza ngokuhlukile ngokudonsa ucingo olulodwa kuphela kude ngamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka emhlabathini. Ukhukhamba luboshwe nge-twine ukuphakama okungu-10-15 cm kusuka emhlabathini, bese leli twine liboshwe ngocingo. Le ndlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu noma yokutshala izithombo ayihlukile kulokho kulinywe okuvamile.
Igridi ebekwe ngokuqondile ixazulula izinkinga eziningi ngobuchwepheshe bezolimo bamakhukhamba
Ukhula ukhukhamba emgqonyeni
Sebenzisa imiphongolo yakudala sekuyindlela edumile yokukhulisa imifino eminingi ekhula ezihlahleni ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke okutshaliwe, isibonelo, amakhabe, amakhabe, amathanga, ngisho nesitrobheli. Lokhu konga isikhala esivandeni (umgqomo ungabekwa noma kuphi), futhi izitshalo zisemhlabathini ofudumele kahle.Noma yimuphi umgqomo, kepha mhlawumbe owensimbi, onombala omnyama futhi ogcwele izimbobo, ugcwele uhhafu ngazo zonke izinhlobo zemfucumfucu enempilo, kanti ngaphezulu ubekwa inhlabathi evundile, inakwe kahle nge-humus. Ngo-entwasahlobo, okuqukethwe kufakwa yi-infleal mullein futhi kumbozwe ngefilimu yokushisa.
Kakade maphakathi noMeyi (kumzila ophakathi nendawo), imbewu yamakhukhamba ingahlwanyelwa emgqonyeni ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela yesikhashana. Njengoba izihlahla zikhula ngokushesha enhlabathini efudumele, kunenzuzo enkulu ukutshala izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa emgqonyeni, zingabamba izinhlobo zezitshalo ezigcina ukushisa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezinsalela, inhlabathi emgqonyeni isazohlala, ngakho-ke, Akunankinga nokukhosela okwesikhashana kwamabhasi ekupholiseni. Futhi ekuqaleni kwaleli hlobo, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa, kanti iziswebhu kungenzeka zivunyelwe ukuba zihlale phansi, noma zithunyelwe kuma-arcs akhiwe ngokukhethekile.
Imiphongolo enamakhukhamba atshaliwe ihlobisa ngisho nendawo
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa imiphongolo zisobala, kulula kakhulu ukunakekela ukhukhamba kuzo, kepha kufanele uzinisele kaningi kunasesivandeni.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zamakhukhamba emgqonyeni
Ukhukhamba olukhula ezikhwameni noma emathayi
Esikhundleni semiphongolo, ngempumelelo efanayo ungasebenzisa izikhwama ezinkulu zikadoti. Imvamisa bathatha le njongo izikhwama ezinomthamo wamalitha ayi-100-120. Kuliqiniso, azinasisekelo kunemiphongolo, ngakho-ke ziqiniswa nganoma yiluphi uhlaka lwamapulangwe. Shayela ngaphakathi bese ufaka ngaphakathi ukuze ugobe imivimbo. Ukunisela ukhukhamba ezikhwameni kwesinye isikhathi kudingekile, esimweni esishisayo - nsuku zonke.
Izikhwama ezinezitshalo zamakhukhamba nazo zingahanjiswa ezindaweni ngezindawo
Esikhundleni sezikhwama, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa amathayi amaningi amadala avela emotweni, awabeke ngaphezulu komunye nomunye ngesilinda (uma engalingani) noma iphiramidi. Njengoba amathayi emnyama, inhlabathi ngaphakathi kwawo isheshe ifudumale yilanga. Engxenyeni engezansi yephiramidi, kubekwa izinto zokudonsa, bese kuba nomhlabathi wezakhi. Ukutshala nokunakekela - njengasemiphongolweni noma ezikhwameni.
Emva kwezitshalo ezingaphi engingatshala kuzo ukhukhamba
Ukhukhamba akufanele ukhule endaweni eyodwa iminyaka emibili ilandelana, kungakuhle ukuthi uhlelele ukubuya kwezitshalo engadini ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi baqeda ngokuphelele inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba, ikakhulukazi i-nitrogen. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubatshala emva kwalezo izilimo ezidonsa i-nitrogen encane, futhi okungcono - kuthuthukisa inhlabathi yabo. Imifino enjalo ikhona: ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi kanye nopelepele. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwamagilebhisi, awadonswa ngaphandle, kepha anqunywe: Amagciwane okulungisa i-nitrogen akhona ezimpandeni, ngakho-ke izimpande zisale emhlabathini.
Izimbangela ezinhle zikagalikhi noma u-anyanisi, ezihlanza kahle inhlabathi yama-microflora ayingozi futhi zihleleka kahle kakhulu: emva kwazo, ungatshala cishe noma iyiphi imifino. I-Solanaceous (utamatisi, upelepele) iziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Ukhukhamba futhi lukhula kahle ngemuva kwamazambane, izaqathe noma beet. Izandiso ezinhle zemifino yeklabishi ehlukahlukene.
Musa ukutshala ukhukhamba ngemuva kwezilimo zethanga (zucchini, squash, ikhabe, ikhabe). Izitshalo zohlobo olufanayo zinezinambuzane ezifanayo ezingahlala zidala ubusika emhlabathini. Futhi zidla izakhamzimba ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esifanayo.
Yini ukhukhamba ongatshalwa eduzane
Amatafula amaningi achaza omakhelwane emibhedeni ayavuma ukuthi ummbila ungumakhelwane omuhle kakhulu wamakhukhamba. Aziphazamisani ngokuhambisana nomncintiswano wokukhanya nokudla. Kepha ukhipha izindwani ezinde zommbila umboza kancane ukhukhamba kusuka emimoyeni bese zisebenza njengesekela elifanele lemivimbo. Isimo esifanayo nama-sunflower. Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi laba bomakhelwane babangela ukwanda kwekota kwisivuno samakhukhamba.
Ummbila usiza ukhukhamba kangcono kunabanye omakhelwane
Imigqa kabhontshisi noma peas etshalwe emaphethelweni embhedeni yondla ukhukhamba nge-nitrogen. Kuyiqiniso, usizo kule ndlela lungokomfanekiso, kepha okungenani ama-legumes awaphazamisi ukukhula kwamakhukhamba. Izitshalo nezimbali ezinamakha ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi i-garlic, i-dill, i-calendula, zisiza kakhulu. Zipholisa umoya futhi zixosha izinambuzane. Isithombo sisebenza ngendlela efanayo, sisindisa ukhukhamba kusuka ku-spider mite.
Musa ukutshala utamatisi eduze kwamakhukhamba: bendawonye muhle kuphela ku-ulethisi, futhi izimo zokuphila emibhedeni ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukhukhamba futhi uzizwa kabi eduze kwamazambane. Futhi-ke, uma izihlahla ezinamandla ezinjenge-apricot noma i-walnut zitholakala, ngeke zishiye amanzi noma ukudla kwamakhukhamba.
Ukhukhamba ukhula cishe kulo lonke izwe lethu, yize ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Kodwa ukhukhamba onambitha wangempela ungena emhlabathini ovulekile, elangeni lemvelo. Lokhu kukude kakhulu nesitshalo esinzima kakhulu ukusilima, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo ufuna ukutshala okungenani izihlahla eziyishumi nambili: phela ikhukhamba elimnandi kakhulu limane nje likhethwe engadini yalo.
