Kamalibhele inezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo eziwusizo. Amajikijolo awo anomthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala, asetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala, yenza inhliziyo isebenze, futhi ithuthukise ukugaya. Kepha, njengezitshalo eziningi, udinga ukunakekelwa. Noma yimuphi umlimi otshala ama-mulberry engadini yakhe uyazi ukuthi kungekudala uzobhekana nesidingo sokugoma isihlahla. Uma ungenalo ulwazi olwanele, sizokutshela ngemithetho namasu ayisisekelo okwenza le nqubo.
Kungani zifakwe emanzini amaningi?
Namuhla, kamalibhele lukhula ngabalimi abaningi kulo lonke elaseRussia. Umuthi omude ukhula ufike kuma-12- 15 m, unesilinganiso esi-trunk esingamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-5. Isibindi eside, esingafinyelela eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili. Ngaphezu kwamaqabunga ku-kamalibhele, izinkuni nazo ziyabaluleka, futhi ngezithelo zawo ezimnandi ungenza inani elikhulu lezinto ezingenalutho.
Imabhele ingumuthi oseningizimu, kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele ikhula ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Izinkuni zemabhele azikho ngaphansi kobulukhuni be-oki izinkuni futhi zisetshenziselwa imboni. Isibonelo, ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo, ifenisha kanye nephepha eligxiviwe.
Izizathu ezenza abalimi baphendukele kokuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele zingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukuntuleka kokuvunwa. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu ezivame kakhulu zenqubo yokugoma. Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi i-kamalibhele isihlahla esidalwa ngokusobala, okungukuthi, kukhona abesilisa abaqhakaza ngokukhohlisa kepha bangakhiqizi izitshalo, kanti nezalukazi ezinezimbali zazo ziphenduka amajikijolo amnandi ngemuva kokuvunda. Uma ungumnikazi we-kamalibhele wesilisa, khona-ke musa ukushesha ukukhipha isihlahla, ngoba ukulinyelwa kwabo bakubeke umzamo omningi (khumbula, umalibhele uqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka we-5 wokuphila). Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kwanele ukutshala ihlumela labesifazane kamalibhele esihlahleni "sowesilisa".
- Yehlisa isikhathi sokulinda isivuno. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umalibhele uqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engama-5-6. Uma uyitshala esihlahleni somuntu omdala, isivuno singavunwa eminyakeni engama-2-3.
- Ukulondolozwa kwesikhala. Njengomphumela wokugoma, uzokwazi ukukhulisa ngasikhathi sinye izinhlobo eziningana zalesi siko ngasikhathi sinye emthini owodwa kasilika, ngokwesibonelo, iBlack Baroness neSmolenskaya pink.
- Ukuzalela ezimweni ezingezinhle. Uma wesaba ukuthi umalibhele omusha ngeke uthathe izimpande engadini yakho (ngokwesibonelo, inhlabathi noma isimo sezulu ngeke silingane), khona-ke kuleli cala kungcono ukungazibeki engcupheni yokuthenga izithombo, kodwa ukugoma uhlobo olusha lwesiqu sikabhele noma isihlangu esihlahleni esivele sivumelaniswe nemibandela.
Amamoni we-Mulberry ahlukahlukene iBaroness inesivuno esikhulu
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ekutshaleni ingadi, ngokuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele kwenziwa kuphela komunye umuthi kamalibhele, ongatshalwa noma ungasendle. Ukugonywa kwesampula elilodwa lokwehluka kolunye kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo esihlahleni esisodwa, kuyilapho ukuxhunyelelwa kuma-mululosi asendle kuzokuvumela ukuthi uvumelanise izinhlobo zezimo ezithile nezimo ezithile zezulu noma inhlabathi futhi zivikele ezifweni.
Amanye amagama
Ukuze ulandele ngokufanele imiyalo yokuxhunyelelwa ama-mulberry futhi ungadideki kuwo, kufanele wazi amagama alandelayo:
- Ukugoma kuyindlela yokusakazwa kwezilimo zezimbali, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa izingxenye zezitshalo eziningana. Imvamisa, izihlahla nezihlahla zisakazeka ngokuxhunyelelwa;
- isitoko isitshalo lapho okuhlanganiswe ingxenye yesinye isitshalo. Isiphunzi sisebenzisa isiqu nesistimu yezimpande;
- ama-scion ayingxenye yesitshalo esixhunyiwe. Endabeni yokuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele, lobobobo bungaba ucezu lwamagxolo ngezinso noma ukuphunyuka;
- Isiqu siyingxenye ehlukile yesitshalo esetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa. Lapho kusetshenziswa ukuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele, isiqu sisetshenziswa njenge-scion;
- ungqimba lwe-cambium luyingqimba yamangqamuzana esitshalo asebenzayo akhiwe phakathi kwezinkuni ne-bast. Kungenxa yamaseli we-cambium we-scion kanye nesitoko ukuthi ukuxhunyelelwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe kwenzeka, ngakho-ke, lapho ugomela, zama ukuhlanganisa izingqimba ze-cambium ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuyadingeka ukwazi indawo yezingqimba ze-cambium ze-scion ne-isipikili ukuze ukwazi ukuzihlanganisa kahle
Amathuluzi adingekayo
Ngenqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele, uzodinga amathuluzi akhethekile.
- Ummese engadini. Ngendlela ngayinye yokugoma, kunohlobo lwommese engadini. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sikopishwe, kusetshenziswa ummese okhethekile wokukopisha (une-blade ebanzi eqondile), ukuqhakaza - ummese ovuthiwe (onekhala eligoqiwe). Kusetshenziswa ummese ojwayelekile akunconywa ngoba i-blade yawo ayiqinile futhi ibukhali.
- Izingodo zezingadi. Banikeza ukusikwa, okubunjiwe, futhi ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ama-cuttings namasheya.
Ukuze wenze kahle inqubo yokuxhunyelelwa kamalibhele, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile
- Izinto zokugqoka. Ifilimu yepulasitiki ethambile ilungile njengayo. Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwawo, ngoba ngokukhula kwe-scion kanye nesitoko, kufudumele ngempela.
- Latch. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa izinto ezixhunyelelwe. Imvamisa, abalimi basebenzisa i-tepi kagesi njengesixazululo.
- Izinto zikaPutty. Njengoba kufanele upende wamafutha noma ingadi var. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ucubungule izingcezu ku-kamalibhele yakho.
Ungakhohlwa ukufaka amagciwane izinsimbi ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye yokugoma ukuvikela ukudluliswa kwezifo kusuka esihlahleni kwesinye kuya kwesinye. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa utshwala obuhlanjiwe noma uphathe i-blade ngomlilo.
Ukugoma kwentwasahlobo: izindlela nemithetho
Kunemithetho eminingana ejwayelekile okufanele ilandelwe ngenqubo yokugoma engcono.
- Lungiselela ukusikeka ngendlela yesikhathi, bese ulandela nemithetho yokuyigcina.
- Sika kahle izinkuni usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile.
- Sebenzisa amathuluzi ahlanzekile kuphela ukuvikela ukutheleleka.
- Zama ukugonywa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izindawo zokusikeka kokusikwa kwe-silika ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga nemisebe ye-ultraviolet zitholakala.
- Sebenzisa ukugqoka ukuvikela amalunga kusuka ekomeni ngaphandle.
- Goma imigomo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isikhathi esifanelekile sokuxhunyelelwa kukamalibhele yizinsuku ezingamafu ezifudumele, eziwela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli noma. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-kamalibhele iqala ukuqhakaza, okusho ukuthi ukujikeleza kwamajusi esiqwini kungenela isigaba saso esisebenza kakhulu, esidingekayo ekuhlanganiseni okuhle kakhulu kwe-scion kanye nesitoko.
Esezenzweni, izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokugomela ama-mululosi ziwukulinganisa nokuqhakaza.
Ukuphindaphinda kamalibhele
Ukulinganisa kuyindlela elula yokugoma ama-mulberry. Ukuze ukwenze, kuzodingeka ulungiselele ukusikwa kwe-silky ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ukulungiselela ukusikwa kamalibhele
Kunemithetho eminingana yokulungiswa kwezilimo ezisikiwe. Zingavunwa kabili ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala: ekwindla sekwephuzile - ubusika ekuqaleni kwesikhathi phakathi kokuphela kwamaqabunga okuwa kanye nokuqala kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Kulokhu, isiqu sikamalibhele siyoba buthuntu. Uzovuka ngesikhathi sokugoma kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi, maphakathi no-Ephreli. Okwesibili: ebusika ngasekupheleni - entwasahlobo yokuqala, ngemuva kokuqothuka kwamaqhwa amakhulu. Ungavuna ukusikwa noma yiluphi usuku. Qiniseka ukuthi izingcezu ezikhethiwe ze-kamalibhele azigwedli.
Ukulungiswa okufanele kanye nokugcinwa kwezihlahla zokususa kamalibhele kusiza ukufeza ukugoma okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo
Imithetho yokuvuna ama-cutter kamalibhele.
- Khetha isihlahla esihle se-kamalibhele esinezithelo kusuka kuminyaka emithathu kuya kwayishumi, lapho uzothatha khona izihlahla zokusika.
- Izimbumbulu zidinga ukusikwa kusukela ngonyaka (okungukuthi, kwakhiwa lo nyaka) amahlumela akhiwe maphakathi nohlangothi oluseningizimu lomqhele we-kamalibhele.
- Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukusika ngethuluzi eliloliwe (ngommese engadini noma ngocelemba engadini), ukugcina isitashi esikhethiwe ngesisindo.
Qaphela ukuthi ukusika okunobude obungu-30-40 cm kanye nobubanzi obungu-7 mm kulungile kakhulu ngokuxhunyelelwa ama-mululosi. Uma kungekho amasampula obukhulu obunjalo, khona-ke ezimweni ezibucayi, amahlumela ngobubanzi obungama-3 mm angatshenziswa. Izicucu zingcono ukulungiselela izingcezu ezimbalwa.
Khumbula! Awukwazi ukuthinta indawo yokusika, uma kungenjalo, isiqu sizothatha izimpande kabi noma ukutheleleka kuzowela kukho.
Isitoreji se-kamalibhele ukusika
Indlela elula yokugcina ukhipha izigaxa kamalibhele kuze kube entwasahlobo ukugcina esiqandisini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zizisonge ngendwangu emanzi, zifake esikhwameni sepulasitiki bese uzifaka esiqandisini. Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokugcina impahla yokuxhunyelelwa ngu +2 mayelanaC. Ungakhohlwa ukugcina izicubu zimanzi njalo. Sifuna ukuxwayisa ukuthi le ndlela ingcono yokugcina leyo mikhuba eye yasikwa entwasahlobo, ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokuqunjelwa kwezinso ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku-kamalibhele yakho (njengomthetho, lokhu kwenzeka ngoMashi).
Lapho ugcina ukusikwa esiqandisini, kunconywa ukuthi ubabeke endaweni ebandayo kakhulu - eduze nefriji
Kuyavunyelwa futhi ukugcina ukusikwa kwe-kamalibhele emiphongolweni ngokubabeka esihlabathini noma sawdust. I-algorithm imi ngalendlela elandelayo: zibeke (izinhlayiya kufanele zibe ezansi) esikhwameni sepulasitiki noma ebhokisini eligcwele sawdust elithambile. Uma usebenzisa iphakheji, awudingi ukulubopha. Ungase futhi ubeke ukusikwa kwe-silken ngendlela efanayo ebhokisini lesihlabathi esimanzi, bese uyifaka egumbini elingaphansi. Khumbula ukugcina isigatshana esiswakeme. Izinga lokushisa elifaneleka kakhulu lokugcina ama-mulberry cuttings emiphongolweni lisuka ku-0 mayelanaC kuye ku +1 mayelanaC ngokuqukethwe komswakama okungadluli kuma-70%.
Lapho ugcina ukusikwa kamalibhele emiphongolweni, kunconyelwa ukuwasonga ngama-bunches bese uwabeka mpo endaweni engaphansi emanzi
Izisiki zesilika zigcinwa kahle ngaphandle ngaphandle ku-sawdust eqandisiwe. Kunconyelwe labo abazivuna ekwindla. Ubuchwepheshe bume kanjena:
- Ngasohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesiza sakho, khetha indawo efanelekile, ufafaze ungqimba obukhulu bokhuni lwesihlabathi olunomswakama.
- Ngemuva kwalokho faka phezu kwabo ukusika oku-silky.
- Zigcwalise futhi ngesendlalelo esiminyene sethala elimanzi bese ushiya emakhazeni okungenani ihora.
- Ngemuva kwalokhu, gcwalisa indawo yokusebenzela ngesendlalelo se-sawdust eyomile.
- Mboza ngentambo yepulasitiki.
Ukuvimbela amagundane noma ezinye izinambuzane ekuqothulweni ukusikeka kwe-silika, ungangeza i-carbolic acid emanzini ukuze umanzise i-sawdust - iphunga lawo liyosabisa noma iyiphi i-rodent. Umthamo - 50 g ngama-10 amalitha amanzi.
Ukugcinwa kwezilimo zembozo zokugunda ngaphandle ku-sawdust kuzohlinzeka ngezinga elanele lomswakama futhi kuvikeleke nakwaqhwa
Ngeshwa, amacala obandayo we-mulberry cuttings ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa akujwayelekile. Akulungele ukugonywa. Ukunquma ukuthi ukusika kwakho kuwufanele umuthi wokugoma, qhubeka ngokulandelayo: kwenze ukubekeka phezu kwabo bese ubeka esitsheni esinamanzi ahlanzekile. Uma konke kuhamba kahle kubo, khona-ke amanzi azohlala esobala, ngenkathi kugcokwa uketshezi ngombala onsomi noma ophuzi kukhombisa ukuthi izingcezu zonakele.
Ukuphindaphinda okulula
Ukuphindaphinda kukamabhele kungumthambo wokuxhunyelelwa. Kulokhu, isitoko nesitoko kufanele kube usayizi ofanayo.
- Yenza izingcezu ezilinganayo ezilinganayo zama-engela ezingama-30 kusikiwe kamalibhelemayelanakanti ubude bokusika kufanele bube kaningi ubukhulu be-isibambo. Izilayi kufanele zibekwe phakathi kwezinso.
- Hlela izingcezu. Qinisekisa ukuthi izingqimba ze-cambial zithathwe kalula, ngaphandle kwalokho inqubo yokunamathela izokonakala kakhulu.
- Nikeza ukulungiswa okuthembekile kokusika ngokusonga ngokuqinile iphoyinti lokujoyina nge-polyethylene ethambile egcwele ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu nokulungiswa nge-putty.
- Lapho isitoko ne-scion kususwe ngokuphelele, susa okokugqoka.
Kubalulekile! Isilayidi sidinga ukwenziwa ngokunyakaza okukanye.
Uma wenze konke kahle, khona-ke izinso ziqhakaza ngezinsuku eziyi-10-15.
Lapho ukopisha ama-mulberry, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa ngokuqinile izingqimba ze-cambium ze-scion nesiphutha
Ukwenza ngcono ukwenziwa ngcono ngolimi
Lolu hlobo lokukopisha lubandakanya ukuba khona kwezigaba ezi-oblique, ezihlanganiswe ngamaserifs afanayo. Lapho uhlanganisa, enye i-serif idlula enye, enikeza ukuxhumana okuhlala isikhathi eside kwe-scion nesipikili kunendlela elula. Njengokukopisha okulula, ukusikeka kufanele kube ukushuba okufanayo.
- Yenza ukusikeka kwe-oblique ku-scion ne-isipikli nge-engeli engama-30mayelana mayelana ne-3-4 cm ubude, nezinso ezingezansi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-oblique cut.
- Phindela emuva ngo-1.5 cm usuka ekujuleni bese wenza ukusika okukude kufane nemicu kuze kufike ekuqaleni kokusikwa kwe-oblique. Kufanele uthole "ulimi."
- Xhuma i-scion nesipikha ngokuxhuma amathebhu komunye nomunye.
- Faka i-bandage ethambile ye-polyethylene ngokugibela ngaphezulu kusuka phansi kuya phezulu.
- Lapho isitoko ne-scion kususwe ngokuphelele, ukugqokwa kungasuswa.
Uma ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14 ihlumela lihluma, khona-ke uphumelele ekugomeni umalibhele wakho.
Ngokukopishwa okuthuthukisiwe kamalibhele, i-scion kanye ne-fusion ye-isipikli isebenza kahle kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
Isithwathwa
Igama elithi "ukukhula" livela egameni lesiLatini elithi oculus, elisho ukuthi "iso."
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokutshala kamalibhele ngosizo lwe-budding, uzodinga izinso olulodwa ("iso"), elakhiwe ehlobo eledlule. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ihlumela lakho olukhethiwe lokuthatha izinso kumele lilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kungenziwa ekwindla noma ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Amathiphu ajwayelekile wokuqoma:
- Akunconyelwe ukuhluma ohlangothini lwesigaxa se-kamalibhele olubheke eningizimu. Kulolu hlangothi, ilanga lisebenza kakhulu, futhi kunengozi enkulu yokuthi umuthi wokugoma ngeke uthathe izimpande.
- Amehlo amabili angaxhunywa esiqwini esisodwa, kepha kusuka ezinhlangothini ezihlukile. Ibanga phakathi kwamehlo kufanele libe ngu-20 cm. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa isilinganiso sokusinda kwe-scion.
- Iso elingezansi kufanele lixhunyekwe kude okungenani ama-25 cm ukusuka kwimfoloko (indawo lapho isiqu sesihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili amakhulu akha imiqhele emibili) yesiqu.
- Akudingekile ukuthi ugcobe okuhlanganisiwe ekuhlolweni kamalibhele; ukugqoka kwanele.
- Kuyadumazeka kakhulu ukufeza i-budding ngesimo sezulu esinethayo.
- Ngokuqunjelwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa amehlo athathwe enkabeni yehlumela.
- Isiqu esinosilika ngesikhathi sokuthatha iso lokuqhakaza kuso kufanele sivuthwe ngokuphelele. Ukubheka izinga lokuvuthwa, kukhona indlela elula: ulethe isibambo endlebeni yakho bese usiguqa. Uma uzwa ukuqhekeka, ungayisebenzisa ngokuphepha njengezinto zokuxhunyelelwa.
Ukuhlanza
- Yenza “ulimi” kusiphunzi, usike ihlumela cishe ngo-2-2,5 cm.
- Sika "kolimi" okungenani ingxenye yesithathu, kepha hhayi ngaphezulu kwesigamu.
- Ukusuka ku-scion, usike isihlangu ngeso. Amapharamitha ayo kufanele ahambisane nemingcele yokusika esitoko.
- Faka isihlangu sezinso ngemuva kolimi. Qinisekisa ukuthi uchopho nokusikwa kwaso isiphunzi kuyahlangana. Uma ububanzi bophahla buphansi kunalokho okudingekayo, kushelele ngendlela yokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi okungenani uhlangothi olulodwa luhlangana nendawo yokusika kwe-cortex kanye nobubanzi be-cambial.
- Bophage indawo yokuqothula nge-polyethylene ethambile noma itayipi kagesi.
- Khumbula ukukhipha ukugqoka ngemuva kokuthi i-scion kanye ne-stock isuswe ngokuphelele.
Imiphumela yokugoma yakho izovela cishe amasonto amabili.
Lapho ubhula isihlakala, kuyinto efiselekayo ukufeza inhlanganisela ephelele yesihlangu nokusikwa
Isihlangu esimise okomhluzi
- Sika isihlangu esivela e-scion. I-scutellum iyingxenye yamagxolo enso. Ubukhulu kufanele bube ngale ndlela: ubude - 3 cm, ububanzi - 0.5 cm.Njengoba utshala kamalibhele entwasahlobo, ungashiya umugqa ongaba ngu-0.5 cm ukwenza kube lula ukubamba ichopho, futhi ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa nesitoko, ubude obengeziwe bazodinga ukusikwa.
- Esiqwini sesiphunzi (noma iyiphi ingxenye yalokho okuzokwenza), yenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yipholi esesimweni sombhalo u-T. I-algorithm yezenzo zakho kufanele ibe ngale ndlela elandelayo: kuqala ukusikwa okuphezulu (okungenhla) kwenziwa, bese kuthi ukunqunywa okuqondile, bese kuthi imiphetho yokusika okuqondile kugoqwe ngobumnene ngaphandle. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ephaketheni kulo isihlangu. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi usayizi wephakeji elinje kumele uhambisane nosayizi wefiphothi.
- Faka isihlangu esilungiselelwe engxenyeni, usuka phezulu uye phansi. Unqenqema engezansi panel kufanele uhambisane ncamashi ngosiko phansi ephaketheni. Uma isihlangu siphuma ngaphandle kwephakethi, ke usike ngokucophelela okweqile ngommese obukhali.
- Phephisa ngokuphepha isihlangu ngentambo yepulasitiki noma ngeteyipu. Ligation kufanele kube phezulu. Sicela wazi ukuthi lapho wenza le ndlela yokuqunjelwa, kunconywa ukuvala izinso.
- Ngemuva kokuthi izingxenye zokuxhunyelelwa zisasetshenzisiwe, susa okokugqoka.
Sezinso xhumelela ngaleyo ndlela futhi uyasinda amasonto amabili.
Lapho ihluma ngesihlangu ku-T-design incision, kuyadingeka ukuvala izinso ngokugqoka
Ividiyo: ungayisebenzisa kanjani i-mulberry budding
Njengoba singabona, ukuze afeze yokugoma kamalibhele can iyiphi engadini. Ukulandela imithetho eyisisekelo nezincomo, uzokwazi ukubhekana ngempumelelo nalo mcimbi, futhi umuthi wakho uzokujabulisa isikhathi eside ngokubukeka kwawo okunempilo nokuvuna okuningi.
