Isihlahla se-Apple "i-Medunitsa" - izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kunazo zonke zezihlahla ze-apula zasehlobo, ezibonakala ngobunzima bebusika nezici ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo.
Umlando we-apple tree ukutshala "Medunitsa"
I-apple tree ehlukahlukene "iMedunitsa" yavuswa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 edlule. Usosayensi uS I. Isaev wadabula izinhlobo ezimbili: iCinnamon Striped ne Welsey. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kubhekwa ukuphumelela okukhulu ngoba ayinamathele esikhaleni.
Uyazi? Igama layo elithi "Medunitsa" litholakale ngenxa yalo elimnandi, ngaphandle kobumunyu, ukunambitha futhi libiza iphunga lomuncu.
Incazelo yezici ezihlukahlukene
Ukuqhuba isici se-apula "Medunitsa", kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zihlukahlukene:
- "I-winter medunitsa"
- "Medunitsa ehlobo".
Izihlahla zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhulu futhi ziphakeme, zibe nomqhele we-pyramidal. Amagatsha asuke kude nomuthi oyinhloko futhi aqondiswa phezulu. Amaqabunga e-Apple anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebushelelezi, ephihliwe kancane phakathi.
Izithelo ze-apula "I-Medunitsa ehlobo" ziqhubeka kuze kube inyanga eyodwa. Izithelo ngokwabo ziyingcosana, zizungeze futhi zibe nombala ophuzi, kepha uma zivuthiwe, uhlangothi olulodwa luba lubala obomvu. Ama-apula ahluke ujusi nesiphunga.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-apula yezihlahla ezihlukahlukene zikhula futhi zikhule ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuba nesikhathi sokwenza umqhele wesihlahla eminyakeni embalwa. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula zithandwa futhi zifanelekile ukugaya, i-juicing ne-jam. Ukungahambi kahle ukuthi izithelo azivuthanga ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izinhlobo ze-apula "Winter Lungwort" nazo ziphakeme. Qala ukuvuselela ngonyaka wesihlanu emva kokufika. Izithelo zidilizwa ukuze zigcinwe ebusika ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Zisetshenziswa ngokushesha futhi azidingi ukuvuthwa ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ama-apula ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa anombala ophuzi ohlangothini olubomvu olubomvu, ayenamanzi futhi adumile kakhulu.
Izinhlobonhlobo "I-Medunitsa ebusika" inayo izinzuzo:
- izihlahla ezinzima zasebusika;
- ukumelana nesikhumba;
- Izithelo zilungele ukudla ngokushesha emva kokuvuna;
- ama-apula anomunambitheka omnandi, awunalo ukunambitheka okumuncu, okungavamile ngezinhlobo zasebusika.
Funda futhi ngokulima ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula: Gloucester, Semerenko, Dream, Shtreyfling, Uslada, Orlik, Melba.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo ezinempilo uma uthenga
Kumele kube yindlela enomthelela ekukhethweni kwe-sapling lapho uthenga, ukuze ungadabuki esikhathini esizayo futhi ukhule umuthi onempilo.
Amathiphu ayisisekelo ekukhetheni isithuthuthu:
Lapho uthenga isithombo, thintana nesitolo esithile noma i-nursery. Ungathengi izitshalo ezimakethe lapho zingekho prikopany, inzalo enjalo iyancipha futhi ingafa. Futhi emakethe ungathengisa ukuhluka okungafani okuhleliwe ukuthenga, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezitshalweni ezingenaqabunga.
Isikhathi sembewu akufanele sidlule iminyaka emibili, ngoba isitshalo esincane, esheshayo futhi esilula siyosiqeda. Isitshalo esingenawo amagatsha singumnyaka owodwa we-sapling, futhi uma unamagatsha amathathu aqondiswa ngezindlela ezihlukene, kuyinhlangano engaphansi kweminyaka emibili.
Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezineminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka emibili sezivele zinezimpande eziqinile, futhi uma zimba zihlupheka kakhulu kunezithombo ezincane. Lo muthi uzoba nzima ukuhlala futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzofika isikhathi se-fruiting.
Qaphela ukungabi khona kokukhula nokulimala ku-stem kanye nezimpande. Isiqu ngaphansi kwegxolo kufanele sibe nombala obala obala. Qaphela ukuthi izimpande zinomanzi futhi ziqinile.
Uma zibolile, ngakho-ke ngomzamo omncane, ukudonsa impande, izovela. Isitshalo, lapho amaqabunga asevele evele khona, akufanele ukutshala. Ukuba khona kwezinso ezivuvukile nakho akufisi.
Imithetho yokutshala apula "Medunitsa" kusayithi
Apple "Medunitsa" - ukuhluka okungahloniphi, kodwa namanje ukunamathela emithethweni lapho utshala futhi unakekela isitshalo.
Tshala umuthi we-apula ekwindla, amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kweqhwa, ukuze iqede futhi ingafi ebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ekwindla, ngo-Okthoba, izihlahla ze-apula zitshalwe ezindaweni ezinesihenqo esikhulu seqhwa ebusika. Ezindaweni ezinqamule, kungcono ukutshala isihlahla entwasahlobo.
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala: izidingo zokukhanyisa nomhlabathi
Sincoma ukutshala i-apple tree "Medunitsu" enhlabathini ye-loamy. Isihlahla asibekezelelani amanzi anesimanje, kudingeke ukuthi amanzi ahlanzeke kahle. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe okungenani 5 m.
Umuthi we-apula kufanele ube nokukhanyisa okuhle, ukuntuleka kokukhanya kuthinta isitshalo kabi futhi uma betshalwe eduze kwezinye izihlahla ze-apula bazokuthunzana. Nikeza isikhala samahhala nendawo evulekile yesitshalo, ngoba isihlahla sama-apple sakwaMedunitsa sinokuphakama kwesihlahla esingama-5 m.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Inqubo yonke yokutshala apula "Medunitsa" liqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Gweba umgodi 1 m ubude no 2 m ngobubanzi amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokutshala.
- Emgodini ulungise isigxobo lapho uzobopha khona isithombo.
- Beka isithombo esikhwameni futhi, uqonde izimpande, umboze umhlaba, ukuze i-collar yezimpande ibambe ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ngaphezulu komhlabathi bese uyiphonsa phansi.
- Yakha umgodi ozokwenza kube lula ukutshala isitshalo.
- Namanzi isitshalo nge 2-3 amabhakede amanzi.
Imithetho yokunakekelwa kwesikhashana kwe-apula "Lungwort"
Ukunakekelwa kwesikhashana kuyinto ebalulekile ethinta ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuthuthukiswa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele unakekele kahle kanjani i-apula ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka.
Ukuvota
Lolu hlobo lwe-apula kufanele lutshalwe eduze kwezinhlobo zokuvuna, ngoba umuthi uzikhiqiza. Ngenxa yalezi zinhloso, lezi zinambuzane zifanelekile i-apula "Medunitsa", njenge "Bely uthele", "Anis Sverdlovskiy", "Ukunqoba kweChernenko".
Kubalulekile! Ukuze izithelo zikhule kangcono, sincoma ukuba nezinhlobo eziningana zokuvotela emkhakheni ofanayo.
Ukunisela
Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo, manzi amanzi ngesitshalo kanye ngesonto enezibhakede ezintathu zamanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi, i-apula isithela ngokwanele kanye ngenyanga, ingahlanganiswa nomanyolo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Entwasahlobo, i-urea kumele isetshenziswe, ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ukugqugquzela ukukhula kwesitshalo, ifakwe umanyolo we-sodium humate, nasekwindla yokuqala - ne-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
Hlola kahle ukukhula nokwakheka kwezithelo nitrogen umquba. Kudingeka kwenziwe ngokucophelela futhi ufunde ngokucophelela imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa, ngoba uketshezi lwe-nitrogen fertilizer kunomthelela omubi kwisitshalo nokukhula kwawo.
Ukudubula
Ukusika ama-apula "i-Medunitsa" yingxenye ebalulekile yokulima nokunakekela isitshalo. Ukudubula kwenziwa ngoMashi, lapho amaqabunga engakaqali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagatsha asomile namadala ahlukaniswa, amahlumela awakhiwe eduze nezimpande.
Kubalulekile! Uma amagatsha aqunywa, isilonda esiphumelelayo sivaliwe ngopende noma engadini.Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, emva kweminyaka eyishumi yokuhluma emthini we-apula kuncipha. Ukuze silungise lokhu, entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuke, aqhuba ukusika izihlahla ezinamabala angasenhla, okukhona ngaphezu kwegatsha elihlangothini, okubangela ukuvuswa kwamafihlethi aphelile kanye nomthelela wezakhi.
Ukungahambi kahle kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kungukuthi kudingekile njalo ukudala umqhele wesihlahla. Ukwakhiwa komqhele we-apula kwenzeka ngokuya kwesimiso esingezansi.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ilungiselela ubusika. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, isiyingi esiseduzane somuthi sigcwele ama-fertilizer, njenge-humus ne-peat, enezingqimba ezingaphansi kwe-10 cm. Izitshalo ezincane ziboshelwe ukwesekwa ngoba umuthi ungase uphule ngaphansi kwesisindo seqhwa.
Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
"I-Medunitsa" iyisihlahla se-apula, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ezigxile ekumelaneni okuhle nezifo zefungal kanye nesiko, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka akukhipha. Ukuze ugweme isifo somuthi, ekwindla futhi entwasahlobo isiqu senziwa umhlophe. Ukugwema ukungcoliswa kwesihlahla, kuphathwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile kanye ngonyaka.
Ekulweni nokukhwabanisa nezinye izifungi zisetshenziswa izidakamizwa ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo:
- uhlelo;
- uxhumano;
- uhlelo lokuxhumana
Kubuye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela izihlahla ze-apula ezivela ezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi kusukela enundu nase-aphid.
I-Fitosporin ibhekwa njengomuthi osebenzayo futhi ongeyingozi kakhulu. It isekelwe bacterium hay bacillus, okubhubhisa isikhumba. Amathebulethi angu-10 alo muthi aqedwa ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ukuphalaza kwenziwa kathathu ngenkathi: lapho kuhluma amaqabunga, emva kokuqhakaza futhi ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwesithelo.
Ungafafaza i-apple tree Bordeaux ingxube. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwezinso. Ngokuphelele, ukwelashwa okuyisikhombisa kwenziwa, ukuchitha u-400 g we-lime no-400 g we-sulfate yethusi ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi. Ingxube yeBordeaux ithinta ezinye izinhlobo ze-fungus, isibonelo, isikhutha se-powdery.
Ngokunqotshwa kwe-powdery isikhutha, umuthi uphathwa futhi ngesidakamizwa esithi "Hom", ngesikhathi sokuphela kwezimbali. Futhi emva kokuvuna, ukucubungula kwenziwa nge-sulphate yensimbi noma yethusi. Ebusika, izihlahla zingonakaliswa amagundane. Ukuvikela i-trunk yesitshalo kuzosiza ukugqoka i-ruberoid noma i-lapnik.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Umuthi omdala uveza isitshalo sama-80 kg. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngo-Agasti futhi zingalingani, okubandakanya inqubo yokuvuna. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-September.
Ukuvuna kwenziwa kusukela emagatsheni aphansi esitshalo. Gcoba ama-apula ngobumnene, ukuze ungalimazi isikhumba, futhi uhlanganise ne-stem. Ukuvuna endaweni esomile.
Gcina ekushiseni okungadluli +5 ° C. Ukuze ulondolozwe kangcono, gqoka ama-apula ephepheni ukuze angathinti, futhi uwafake ebhokisini lezinkuni. Kulo mhlaba, ama-apula angagcinwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka, cishe izinyanga ezingu-1.5.
Uyazi? "I-Medunitsa" ayingeyona indawo yesifundazwe, ngakho-ke ivame ezindaweni ezihamba phambili zaseSoviet.
Ukuhlukahluka "i-Medunitsa" nokunakekelwa okufanele kuzokuletha isivuno esikhulu ngezithelo ezihlwabusayo. Kulesi simo, kuzodingeka ubeke umzamo omncane kakhulu kanye nezindleko ukuqinisekisa izimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhluma okuqinile kwesitshalo.
