Konke mayelana nezinqotshwa ze-NIIOH 336: incazelo, ukulima, ukuvuna kanye nezinye izinhlayiya

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivuthiwe ezivuthiwe ezifanele ukugcina isitoreji eside kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-carrot NIIOK 336, ezakhiwe ngabalimi baseRussia ngo-1978.

Izitshalo eziphakeme kanye nokugcina izinga lezinhlobonhlobo kwenza kube lula ukuthola isivuno esihle kanye nethuba lokugcina isitoreji eside ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-agrotechnology evunyelwe izaqathe.

Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-carotene nezinye izinzuzo eziningi, izaqathe uNIIOK 336 zinqoba ngokuqinile uthando lwabalimi kulo lonke elaseRussia.

Uyini umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo?

Lezi zihlukahlukene zihlukanisa:

• ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-carotene (23%);
• kungenzeka isicelo sokudla kwezingane nokudla.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:

1. isivuno esikhulu;
2. ikhwalithi yokugcina okuhle;
3. ukuvumelanisa ukukhula cishe cishe zonke izindawo zaseRussia;
4. universal in application;
5. ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-carotene (kufika ku-23%).

Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo kuyisisindo sokuzivikela esijwayelekile kwezifo eziningi ze-carrot.

Izici eziningiliziwe kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo

• Ukubukeka (ukuma nombala wempande). I-isanqante ikhula ibe yindawo yokucwenga nge-endle, isisindo esisuka ku-90 kuya ku-110 g. Ubude berotikithi bufinyelela ku-20 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-4-5 cm. Ubuso, umphala nomgogodla wombala omkhulu we-orange.
• Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-NIIOK 336, izinsuku zokutshala ezijwayelekile ziyasebenza - entwasahlobo yasemuva, lapho kusesimweni sezulu esishisayo esesimisiwe futhi lapho ingozi yokubuya kweqhwa idlulile.

  Ephakathi kwe-Middle Belt, lesi sikhathi siwela eminyakeni eyishumi ka-Ephreli, eSiberia, ukuthungatha kuqale ngaphambi kukaMeyi. Esifundazweni saseNingizimu, ngokwemvelo, izinsuku zokutshala ziqala ngaphambi kwanoma ubani omunye - eminyakeni eyishumi nesibini yesibili kaMashi.

  Kodwa lezi zinhlobonhlobo zingatshalwa ngaphambi kokubusika, ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingakafiki ngaphansi kwe-5 ° C.

• Iyini isivuno sehektare elingu-1. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela ekuvuneni - kusuka ku-ha 1 ingaqoqwa amathani ayi-28 kuya ku-54 amaqathi.
• Ibanga lesabelo kanye nokugcina ikhwalithi. Leli banga linemfanelo ephakeme yokunambitheka, futhi liqukethe inani elengeziwe le-carotene. Ngokuqokwa okulungele ukusetshenziswa okusha, kanye nokukhweza. Izinkomba zokugcina ikhwalithi zisezingeni lika 82-92%.
• Izifunda ezikhulayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zivunyelwe ukuba zikhule kulo lonke elaseRussia ngaphandle kweziNyakatho, eNyakatho-West nase-Ural.
• Lapho kunconywa ukuthi ikhule. Ama-carrots alezi zinhlobonhlobo anconywa ukulima endaweni evulekile.
• Ukuphikiswa kwezifo. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-NIIOK 336 akulona okuhle kakhulu ekumelaneni nezifo ezivame kakhulu zezinqathe. Ukulungiselela ukuhlwanyela imbewu ukuvimbela kakhulu izifo eziningi, kodwa akusiyo njalo.
• Isikhathi sokukhula. Izinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa okuphakathi, kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhula kusukela amahlumela okuqala avela ezinsukwini ezingu-110-120. Noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu - ezinsukwini ezingu-80-90.
• Luhlobo luni lomhlabathi oluthandayo. Ibanga likhetha inhlabathi elula ekhungathekile nge-asidi ephansi.

Umlando wokuzala

Izinhlobonhlobo zatholakala ngo-1978 ku-All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing ngokudlula imikhakha ye-Vitamin and Variety 5.

Ukukhula

1. Ngokuba izaqathe, kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezivulekile, ezikhanyisiwe. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala kunconywa ukuba usebenzise humus noma umquba (ngesilinganiso esingu 4 kg / m²). Imbewu kufanele iphinde ilungiswe - faka isisombululo esibuthakathaka sama-manganese noma usebenzise izidakamizwa "Chom." Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuzokuvumela ukukhipha amagciwane nge-disinfection, kanye nokuthuthukisa izifo zabo zokuzivikela.
2. Ukuhlwanyela kuhle kakhulu ngosuku olususayo. Okokuqala, yenza ama-grooves kuze kufike ku-1-2 cm ejulile enhlabathini. Ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu liba ngu-0.5 cm, khona-ke inhlabathi iyatshalwe futhi iphuziswa kakhulu.
3. Ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kunciphisa - Ukuqothula kokuqala kwenziwa emavikini amabili ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ukwehlisa okwesibili - ngemva kwamasonto amathathu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lishiye okungenani u-5 cm. Uma ungaqedi, izaqathi zizoqala ukubola ngenxa yokungabi nesikhala noma zikhule kakhulu.
4. Izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuchelela okwanele. - Kuye ngezimo zezulu, izimpande izitshalo kumele ziphuze kanye emva kwezinsuku ezingu-4-7. Kunconywa ukuba nidle izaqathe emkhatsini wemigqa, hhayi ngaphansi kwezihlahla.
5. I-izaqathi isabela kahle kumanyolo, ngakho phakathi nenkathi ungenza izingubo ezintathu:
   • Phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula okujulile, ungasebenzisa i-superphosphate (50 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).
   • Ngesikhathi se-nitrate efanelekayo i-potassium nitrate (30 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
   • Ngesikhathi se-fruiting, i-ammonium nitrate ingasetshenziswa (30 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi).

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ngokushesha lapho umhlabathi ezitshalweni eziqothulwe izitshalo ezomile, iziqongo kufanele zisuswe.

Ngaphambi kokubeka izaqathe esitokisini, zikhetha futhi zibeke imifino yezimpande ezilimazekile noma ezigulayo. Ukwandisa ikhwalithi yokugcina yesitshalo futhi uyivikele ezifweni, ungafaka i-powder izaqathe ngekijolo eliyimpuphu. Indlela eqhutshwayo ethela izaqathe ngaphambi kwesibhakabhaka samanzi noma i-pine sawdust.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokuzivikela okuvamile kwezifo eziningi, Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukufeza ukulungiselela ukuvimbela imbewu yokutshala, kodwa nokuthi ukwazi ukulwa kanjani nezifo:

• Ukwelashwa kwesisombululo se-Fofatox kuzosiza ngokumelene nokulimala.
• Kusukela ku-root rot - isixazululo sosawoti e-colloidal.
• Kusuka powdery isikhutha, Regent izidakamizwa kufanelekile.

Izinambuzane, futhi, zivame ukuba ikhanda labalimi abakhula lokhu okuhlukahlukene.

1. Ukulwa nama-aphid, ungasebenzisa umuthi "Oxy".
2. Kusuka kuzinyosi kuzosiza izidakamizwa "Luxor".
3. Isixazululo se-ash ash singasetshenziswa ngokumelene ne-Colorado amazambane beetle.
4. Kusuka medvedki - Bordeaux liquid.

Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezikhulayo nezixazululo

Ukuhluleka ukulandela imithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo, izimo zezulu ezimbi, imbewu yezinga eliphansi kanye nezinye izinto zingabangela izinkinga ezithile lapho ukhula izaqathe.

Ukwazi izindlela zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga, ngezenzo ezifike ngesikhathi, ungagcina isivuno esizayo noma ugweme ukuphinda uphinde uphendule amaphutha kanye nezinkinga ezifanayo ngenkathi elandelayo:

• Amahlumela noma izintambo ziphenduka ophuzi, zelulele futhi zinciphise - uma izidakamizwa ziba imbangela, ke izidakamizwa i-Aktara, i-Ecogel, ne-Zircon zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nazo.

  Endabeni ye-fomozom isifo (izithombo ziqala ukuphuziza ngezansi), indawo enombala (izithombo kuqala ziphenduka ophuzi kusuka emaphethelweni, bese ziphenduka brown) noma izitshalo ze-rhizoctoniosis kuzodingeka zibhujiswe, ngoba ngokugcina okungeziwe zingadlulisa yonke isitshalo.

• Umongo omhlophe ngaphakathi - Isizathu singase sibe yizinga eliphansi lembewu, kanye ne-nitrogen ngokweqile ngemuva kwephutha. Esikhathini sesibili, ukulungiswa kwesicelo somanyolo kuzosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga.

• Izitshalo zomsuka ziyaqhekeka - lokhu kungenxa yokuchelela okungalingani, umanyolo owandayo, inhlabathi enzima, ngaphezulu kwebanga lokuqala. Kubalulekile ukuqapha ukulingana kokunisela, ukufaka kahle (ikakhulukazi qaphela i-nitrogen).

  Uma isayithi liwumhlabathi obanzi obumba, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ngezinhlobo ezincane noma izitshalo zezitshalo ezindizeni eziningi.

• Ama-karoti akhula futhi anomile - lokhu kungaba izici ezithile ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokuntuleka kokuchelela noma umanyolo.

• Imifino ehlanjululwe ngokungafani - Izizathu zesimo esinjalo kungaba ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi embi (amatshe amaningi), ukungabi nokuphuza ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokutshala, umanyolo ongakhethiwe (umanyolo, i-potassium chloride ne-potash usawoti akufanele isetshenziswe) nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane.

• Izinqathe zikhula kakhulu - lezi zingaba izici ezithile ezihlukahlukene, ukungabi nelanga noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukushisa ngokweqile. Esikhathini esilandelayo, kufanelekile ukwandisa ivolumu yokunisela.

Izinhlobo ezifanayo zesanqante

Okusondelene kakhulu, ukuvuthwa, ukuvunwa nokugcina ikhwalithi, kanye nokubukeka yizinto ezilandelayo zezinqathe:

• I-Altair F1.

• Losinoostrovskaya 13.

• Akunakuqhathaniswa.

• Forto F1.

Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-NIIOK 336 zisakazwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa kwazo ukulima cishe cishe zonke izindawo zaseRussia. Ukuntuleka kwezici ezithile zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo, ukuvunwa okuphezulu nokugcina izinga lalezi zinhlobonhlobo kwenza kube kuhle ukukhula ezindaweni zokulima.

Kodwa-ke, ukuzivikela okuphezulu kakhulu kwezifo ezivame kakhulu kudinga ukulungiselela ukuvimbela imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala nokuqapha okuqhubekayo kwesimo sezitshalo.