Izimfihlo zokugomela i-cherry eziphumelelayo: imiyalo yokwenza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene kanye nangezizinda ezingafani

Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi ngokuxhunyelelwa esihlahleni sezithelo kuyindlela elula yokusabalalisa izinhlobo, ukhuphule isivuno futhi uthuthukise izici ezisezingeni lezithelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule inkinga evamile yokuntuleka kwendawo esizeni. Ngempela, esiqwini esisodwa ungabeka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene noma izinhlobo zezihlahla. Wabasaqalayo bavame ukuzibuza: kukhona yini okuphula umthetho wokugomela ama-cherries. Eqinisweni, ama-cherry grafts alula kakhulu. Wonke umuntu angenza lo msebenzi ngemuva kokufunda le ndatshana.

Kungani Tshala i-cherry

Ukugoma kuyindlela ye-agrotechnical yokusakazwa kwezitshalo ngezihlahla zezithelo. Kuqukethe ukudlulisa ingxenye yesitshalo kwesinye isitshalo, ngenhloso yokukhula kwazo nokwakheka kwesitho esisodwa esinezimpawu ezintsha. Esokuqala sibizwa ngokuthi yi-scion - sifaka nengxenye yomuthi ongaphezulu komhlaba futhi ozothela izithelo ngokuzayo. Izici zalo zinquma ikhwalithi yezithelo nezithelo. Ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba, isb., Uhlelo lwezimpande kanye nesisekelo sesiqu, ibizwa ngokuthi isitoko. Ukusebenza okwengeziwe kwesitshalo kuncike ekulweni naso.

Inani elisebenzayo lokugoma ukuthi lenza ukuthi kusombululwe izinkinga eziningi:

1. Ukulondolozwa kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kwezinhlobo eziningi zamakhherubi akuvumeli isitshalo esincane ukuba sizuze ifa lazo zonke izimfanelo zikamama.
2. Ukusheshisa kwesikhathi sokubumbana kwesilimo sokuqala. Izihlahla ezixhunyiwe ziqala ukuthela izithelo seziyiminyaka engama-2-3 emva kokuxhunyelelwa. Ngenkathi izitshalo ezikhule kusuka etsheni zidinga iminyaka engama-5-8.
3. Ukuvuselelwa kwengadi. Izihlahla ezindala ezilahlekelwe ukukhiqiza kwazo kwangaphambilini ziyathulwa futhi zitshaleke ngemisiko emisha.
4. Ukwanda kokumelana kwezifo kanye nezinto ezingezinhle zemvelo. Ukugoma kukuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise izinhlobo zasengadini ezimhlophe nezimo zezulu kanye nezihlobo zazo zasendle ezingathobeki, ngaleyo ndlela ziyanda ukukhuthazela kwezitshalo.
5. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene kusampula eyodwa.
6. Gcina isikhala engadini. Esiqwini esisodwa, amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhherubi angakhula.

Ukugoma kungasindisa isihlahla esaphukile uma izimpande zaso ziphilile.

Ividiyo: kungani udinga ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo

Nini ukutshala cherries: isikhathi lokugoma

Kunamaphoyinti amabili wesikhathi wokugoma ophumelelayo:

• entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kukaMashi - ishumi lokuqala lika-Ephreli;
• ehlobo - ingxenye yesibili kaJulayi - maphakathi no-Agasti.

Isikhathi esiqondile sincike kwisimo sezulu esifundeni nasendleleni ekhethiwe yokusebenza.

Kodwa-ke, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabalimi kukhombisa ukuthi inkathi enhle kakhulu kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kokugeleza okusebenzayo kwe-sap. Okwamanje, amathuba okuphumelela kwe-intergrowth kuphezulu kakhulu.

Ehlobo, ukugoma kwenziwa lapho ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamagatsha kuyeka. Lokhu bakwenza ngokusika okuluhlaza, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kuncishiswa kakhulu, ngoba ukufakwa kwezinkuni kukhuphukile futhi ukuxhumana kwezingqimba ze-cambial zesitshalo kuyaphela.

Ukugoma kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngaphansi kwesimo lwamathanga ahlala isikhathi eside, ukuhlanganiswa kwesitoko okuyingxenye kanye ne-scion kwenzeka, kepha kugcina ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ebusika, umuthi uphumule futhi wehlise izinqubo ze-metabolic, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukusitshala.

Ungatshala kanjani ama-cherries: izincomo eziyisisekelo nezindlela zokugoma

Ukuze ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kusebenze, kufanele unake imithetho ebalulekile yokugoma:

1. Ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngethuluzi elikhethekile - ummese wokugoma. Kubalulekile ukuthi ilolwe ibe yisimo se-razor. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukungahambi kahle kungahlala kulezi zingxenye, kuthinta nobunzima bokuxhumana kwe-scion kanye nesitoko.
   

   Imimese yokugoma ingezinhlobo ezimbili: ukukopishwa (a) nokuqunjelwa (b)
2. Ukuvimbela ukwethulwa kwesikhunta, wonke amadivayisi kufanele abulawe amagciwane.
3. Zonke izenzo kumele zenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ijusi livela ezingxenyeni, ezikhula ngokushesha emoyeni, ezithinta kabi ukubumbana.
4. Uma isitoko sitholakala elangeni elivulekile, ngemuva kwenqubo, indawo yokugoma kumele ibe nomthunzi. Lokhu kuzonciphisa ingozi yokushiswa yi-scion esindile.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokugoma izihlahla zezithelo, kepha ama-cherries avela izimpande kangcono uma uwuthinta ngenye yalezi zindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukugomela izinso, okuxhunyelelwe yigxolo, nokuxhunyelelwa ngokuqhekeka.

Ukugoma nge-shank ye-bark bark

Ukugonywa kwegxolo kwenziwa lapho kuqala izigaba zokugeleza kwe-sap, lapho amagxolo asala kalula ngemuva kwezinkuni. Imvamisa esetshenziswa lapho ama-diameter wesitoko ne-scion ehluke kakhulu. Ukugoma ngale ndlela kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. 2 - 4 ukusikwa kulungiselelwe ngokuya ngokobukhulu besitoko. Isigaba sesiphambano senziwa ngesisekelo sezinto zokusebenza.
2. Isitoko sisikwa nge-hacksaw futhi siboshwe ngommese.
3. Kwi-cortex, kwenziwa izingxenyana ezinde ezibonisa ubude obungama-5 cm.
   

   Ukusikeka kumagxolo kwenziwa ngommese obukhali impela, ngaphandle kokulimaza izinkuni

4. Ukuvuleka kwamagxolo kuyavuleka, kufakwa isikhuxu ukuze ucezu lwaso luhambisane ngokuqinile nokhuni lwesitoko.
   

   Uma ubukhulu bendawo yesitoko buvumela, kuze kufike ku-4 ukusikwa kungatshalwa ngemuva kwegxolo

5. Umuthi wokugoma usongwe futhi umbozwe nge-var.

Ungayitshala kanjani i-cherry enezinso

Le ndlela ibizwa ngabachwepheshe. Kwenziwa egatsheni elincane lanoma yisiphi isayizi ngokudlulisa i-axillary bud ye-cherry esitokweni. Ukugoma kwenziwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Izinso zivunwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokufakelwa: amehlo anqunywa esiqwini kanye nocezu lwamagxolo (uqweqwe) olungu-1.5-2 cm.
   

   Izinso zigawulwa ngommese obukhali

2. Ekhondeni lesiphunzi, kwenziwa i-T-shape designation.
3. Ukuqhakaza kwendlulisa kahle, kufakwa itshe kuyo futhi icindezelwe yiphakethi ye-cortex ukuze kungasali kuphela ipepile elivela ngaphandle.
   

   Ukubekwa kwezinso ngaphezulu kwe-cortex

4. Indawo yokufakelwa imbozwe ngothayela kagesi ukuze izinso likhona emoyeni.

Le ndlela yokugoma ibhekwa njengephephe kakhulu esihlahleni. Noma izinso zingathathi izimpande, ukuvela kwe-cortex kuzobambezeleka ngokushesha okukhulu.

Hlakaza umuthi wokugomela

Abantu abaningi babiza umuthi wokugoma we-splint anti-ukuguga - isiqu esincane sinamathele ekugcineni kwegatsha noma isiqu esiqediwe. Sebenzisa le ndlela lapho ukuqina kwesitoko kusiphindwe kaningi ukushuba kwesibambo.

Ukugoma emfuleni kunikeza isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokusinda: kokusebenza okuyishumi, ayisishiyagalolunye ayaphumelela.

Kungcono ukwenza inqubo ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimila zesitshalo, i.e., ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukugxilisa ama-cherries ngale ndlela kuyadingeka:

1. Vuna isiqu esinezinso ezi-3-4. Sika isisekelo salo ngommese ku-wedge ephindwe kabili.
2. Isithaphuthaphu ekuphakameni okudingekayo futhi okuhlanzekile.
3. Ngommese obukhali noma i-hatchet, hlukanisa isiphunzi sesikhungo kungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 cm.
   

   Ukuvimbela ukusikwa kungavali, ungafaka i-spacer encane
4. Faka i-scion endaweni yokuqhekeka ukuze amagxolo ayo ahlangane negxolo lesitoko. Uma ubukhulu bokusasa buvumela, khona-ke ukusikeka okubili kungalethwa ekuqhekekeni ngokushesha.
   

   I-shank iyajulwa ukuze izingqimba zayo ze-cambial zihambisane nesitoko

5. Songa indawo yokugoma ngokuqinile ngentambo noma iribhoni bese uyicubungula nge-var.

Ukugoma kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uphumelele yini ungabonakala evikini elilodwa nesigamu kuya kumaviki amabili. Isibonakaliso sokusinda kuzoba ukukhula kwezinso esikhungweni. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, amahlumela kusuka ku-20 cm kuya ku-1 m ubude azokhula kuwo.

Akunconywa ukususa ithayela kagesi phakathi nonyaka, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi isamba se-callus sizokwakha endaweni yokugoma - uphawu olufana nommbila.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo kungahlulelwa ngesilimo sokuqala, esizovela eminyakeni engama-2-3.

Izimpande zesitoko samakheli: izinhlobo eziphambili

Isinyathelo sokuqala enqubekweni yokuthambisa ama-cherries ukukhethwa nokutshala amasheya. Zingasebenza njengenyoni yasendle noma umuthi otshaliwe, izinhlobonhlobo zazo umlimi angazihlelelanga, noma amahlumela asisekelo. Into esemqoka ukuthi isitoko kufanele sibe:

• iyahambisana ne-scion;
• ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu zesifunda;
• abe nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula izici zonyaka zesitoko ne-scion. Akunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukusika kwezinhlobo sekwephuzile ngamasheya okuqala nakokuphambene.

Nama-nuances ambalwa amanye okufanele acatshangelwe:

1. Ama-Cherry awampande kahle ngokhuni oludala. Ukufakelwa emithini emincane noma emagatsheni kuzosebenza kangcono.
2. Ukusondelana kobudlelwano phakathi kwezamasiko, yilapho izinga lokusinda liba ngcono.

I-Dwarf Cherry

Ukuxhunyelelwa kwama-cherries kusiphunzi esincane noma esimfishane kuya ngokuya kudumile. Kodwa-ke, isisekelo esinjalo sinezinzuzo zombili kanye nezici ezimbalwa ezingezinhle.

Ithebula: izinzuzo nobubi be-rootwoods emfishane

Ukuphakama kwama-cherries akhulwe esitokisini emincane kwenza kube lula ukuvuna

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zezitoko ezibuthakathaka ze-clonal:

• I-VSL-1 - ekhiqizwa yi-hybridization yama-steppe cherries nama-cherries aseLannesian. Ihambisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cherries. Izithelo ziqala eminyakeni engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza yiminyaka engu-15-18. Iyabekezelela inhlabathi eminyene, enamanzi futhi isomiso, ingamelana nokubola kwezimpande nomdlavuza wamagciwane. Izifo ezingamaqabunga azithinteki. Akwenzi amahlumela ezimpande. Ukumelana nesithwathwa sezimpande kuyinto avareji.
• I-VSL-2 - etholakele ngenxa yokuwela ama-shrub cherries nama-cherric e-serated. Ilungele cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-cherries. Ukubekezelela ubusika nesomiso. Akwenzi amahlumela ezimpande. Ukumelana nokubola kwezimpande, i-coccomycosis nomdlavuza wamagciwane. Inesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle.
• I-Colt - etholakala kuma-cherlinating cherries ngokungenangqondo ngama-cherries. Ihambisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cherries. Izihlahla zeCherry ezihlanganiswe kuColt zinezinkolo ezincanyana ezingama-20-45% kunezihlahla zesilvery. Izihlahla ziveza izithelo kuqala futhi zikhiqiza isivuno esiningi, esivamile. Isiza ukukhulisa usayizi wezithelo. Amabhishi e-Uterine angama-pyramidal, aphakathi ngosayizi. Kunenani eliphakathi lamahlumela esihlahleni; imvamisa awunawo amagatsha angawalandela. Kusakazwa kalula nge-cutised lignified. UColt akazange asakaze ngenxa yokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa ezimpandeni ngisho nasendaweni engaseningizimu kanye nokushuba okuqinile komdlavuza wezimpande.

Ungathenga izithombo zesiphundu emfushane ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezinkulisa.

Faka i-cherry njengesitoko

I-Felt cherry isitshalo esikhula ngokushesha, esibekezelela isomiso futhi esivuthayo. Ngalesi sizathu, kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengesitoko se-cherry iplamu, ipikili, iplamu ne-apricot. Amasiko ahlanganiswe kuwo afinyelela osayizi abancane futhi aqala ukuthela izithelo esele iminyaka emi-3.

Enye yezinzuzo ze-cherry ezizwe njengesitoko ukungabikho okuphelele kwamahlumela we-basal

Ngaphandle kobudlelwano obusondelene, i-cherry eyazwayo ihambelana kuphela nezinhlobonhlobo zamakheli atshaliwe.

Kulula ukukhulisa isitoko kusuka kulesi sihlahla. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngembewu, kanjena:

1. Kukhethwa izithelo ezinempilo. Amathambo ahlanzwa nge-pulp, agezwe kahle futhi omiswe emthunzini. Kugcinwe ezitsheni zengilazi endaweni epholile.
2. Ekwindla yokuqala, imbewu ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi futhi igcinwe esiqandisini.
3. Ungahlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa noma entwasahlobo. Imbewu ingcwatshwa enhlabathini evundile ifinyelele ku-2 cm ifafazwe ngengxube ye-peat, sawdust, humus.

Ehlobo elilandelayo, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izithombo zingafinyelela ubude obufika ku-1 m.

Ungatshala kanjani ama-cherries kuma-cherries

Ukufaka ama-cherries ngama-cherries ngeke kube nzima ngisho nakubalimi abaqalayo. Ukuhlangana kwabantu bohlobo olulodwa kuphakeme kakhulu. Uma i-cherry yamasiko ihlanganiswa nomdlalo wasendle njengesitoko, khona-ke umuthi uzothola ukukhuthazela kuwo futhi uguqulwe nezimo zesimo sezulu sendawo.

Ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana kusiqu esisodwa nakho kuyinto enhle, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zesikhathi esifanayo sezimbali.

Ukugoma ama-cherries e-bird cherry

I-bird bird ejwayelekile cishe yonke indawo ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesitoko sama-cherries, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngoba inika ukumelana nesithwathwa seqhwa kanye nokumelana nezifo eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zama-cherries zingagonywa kuphela ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-bird bird - i-antipku.

Ividiyo: I-Antipka njengesitoko se-cherry

Ngokuxhunyelelwa uCherry on the Turn

UCherry uhambisana kahle ne-prickly blackthorn (i-blackthorn). Kodwa i-tandem enjalo izonikeza umlimi inkinga enkulu ekubhekaneni namahlumela we-basal.

I-Blackthorn noma i-prickly plum ivumelana kahle nezimo zemvelo futhi idlulisela leli khwalithi kokuxhunyelelwa

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala i-cherry ku-cherry plum

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cherry nge-plum engenakuqhathaniswa kungenzeka. Isitoko esinjalo sinikeza ukumelana nesithwathwa nokukhuthazela ku-cherry. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokusinda phakathi kwalezi amasiko liphansi kakhulu.

Ividiyo: Guqula i-cherry plum ibe yi-cherry

Ukuxhunyelelwa i-cherry ku-plum

I-Plum ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiqalo se-cherries ngoba lezi zithelo zamatshe zihambelana kakhulu. Kukholelwa ukuthi izithombo ze-semi-zasendle plum zifanelwe kahle kakhulu, ngoba zinekhono lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo kanye nokumelana nezifo eziningi.

Ukugoma ama-cherries nakho kwenziwa ezihlahleni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cherry ne-plum okuzwakalayo njengesitoko kukuvumela ukuthi uthole umuthi ongafika kumamitha ayi-3 ukuphakama futhi ube nezimbali ezi-pink nezimhlophe ezithandekayo, ezibukeka kakhulu njenge-sakura.

Ividiyo: ngokuxhunyelelwa ama-plums e-cherry abe uqhekeko

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala ama-cherries kuma-apula kanye namapheya

Iminyaka eminingi yokuhlakulela abalimi abahlolayo bezama ukuhlanganisa ama-cherries nge-apula noma ngeparele kukhombisa ukuthi ukugoma okunjalo kuhlulekile. Ukufakwa kwezithelo zamatshe ezitshalweni zamapome akunakwenzeka. Le ncazelo ilele ku-kinship "kamzala" walezi zihlahla zezithelo: i-apula nephaya kungokwesikhwanyana saseYablonevye, kanye ne-cherry ku-Plum engaphansi.

Ngabe batshala ama-cherries ezintabeni zomlotha nolwandle

I-Cherry scion ayikhi samba esitokweni somlotha wasentabeni, noma ngabe lezi zihlahla zingezesizinda esifanayo se-botanical - Izihlahla zePlum.

I-sea buckthorn ayisetshenziswa njenge-scion yama-cherries.

Ngakho-ke, ukunxenxa ama-cherries akuyona inkambiso ekhethekile yomlingo. Le yinqubo yokudala ethokozisayo, engaqala nayo ukuyazi kahle. Into esemqoka ukungalahli ithemba uma umuthi wokugoma ungakaze uthathe izimpande okokuqala. Ukuphikelela nokubekezela kuzokuholela ekugcineni.