ICherry Rovesnitsa isatshalaliswa kabanzi ezingadini zezimboni zesifunda saseCentral Black Earth naseBelarus. Abalimi abaningi bayayikhulisa ezihlelweni zabo, ngoba inenzuzo eziningi. Yiziphi lezi zinzuzo nokuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani le-cherry - tshela umfundi.
Incazelo yebanga
I-Cherry ehlukahlukene yeminyaka efanayo yatholwa yi-All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) ngokuwela izinto ezinhlobonhlobo eziyi-11 kanye nezimpahla zabathengi abamnyama. Ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo kanye nokumelana nezifo zesikhunta kutholakala kumzali wokuqala, futhi ukukhiqizwa nokumelana nesithwathwa kumzali wesibili. Izinhlobonhlobo bezilokhu ziseRegini Yezwe YaseRussia kusukela ngonyaka we-1986, bezilokhu zifakwa esifundeni iCentral Black Earth, kanti kusukela ngo-2006 bezilokhu zivivinywa ngokwahlukahlukana kweRiphabhuliki yaseBelarus.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha amathathu. Iphiramidi yangemuva kaCrohn, ephakathi nendawo ikhule, ikhulisiwe. Amafomu ama-ovaries kumagatsha esixha sezimbali nokukhula konyaka. Izimbali zibonwa maphakathi no-Meyi (17-21), ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo - maphakathi no-Julayi (12-15). Izinhlobonhlobo ziyazala (ukuzazisa okuyingxenye kukhonjisiwe kuRejista Yombuso), kepha ukuba khona kwabavumbululi (Novodvorskaya, Vyanok, Turgenevka) kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwesivuno. Izinga lokuvuthwa yiminyaka eyi-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala. Isivuno esijwayelekile singama-40 kg / ha, ubukhulu - ama-64 kg / ha. Isihlahla esisodwa sikhiqiza isilinganiso sama-20 kg amajikijolo, futhi ngokwezifundo zeBelarusian Institute for Fruit growing - aze afike kuma-34 kg.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla se-cherry sonyaka ofanayo kumamitha amathathu
Iminyaka efanayo ine-hardness yasebusika ephezulu yezinkuni naphakathi - Ama-buds wezithelo, kanye nokubekezelela isomiso. Ngokusho kweVNIISPK, izinhlobonhlobo zimelana kakhulu ne-coccomycosis futhi iphakathi nokumelana ne-moniliosis, futhi i-Belarusian Institute for Fruit Growing ithi okuhlukile - ukuphikisana okuphakathi ne-coccomycosis futhi ephezulu - ku-moniliosis.
Ama-Berry aneminyaka efanayo mancane - isilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-3,3,5,5. Ijamo labo liyindilinga, umbala maroon. Itshe elincane (0,2 g) lihlukaniswa kalula kusuka ku-berry, ukwahlukana kwe-peduncle komile. I-pulp iminyene, inomnandi ngokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu.. Ukuhlolwa kwamakhosi - amaphuzu angu-4.6. Okuqukethwe ushukela kungu-11.0-11.5%, ama-asidi - 1.25-1.411%, i-ascorbic acid - 4.1 mg / 100g.
Amajikijolo e-cherry. Iminyaka efanayo nencane, umbala we-maroon.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
Ukufingqa, singakwazi ukwahlukanisa izinzuzo ezilandelayo ze-cherry zonyaka ofanayo:
- ukuzala;
- hardness yasebusika;
- ukubekezelela isomiso;
- ukungathobeki;
- umkhiqizo;
- ukumelana ne-coccomycosis ne-moniliosis;
- ukunambitheka okuhle nekhwalithi yamajikijolo.
Ukusilela kuveze okuncane:
- i-average hardiness yasebusika yezithelo efihlekile;
- hhayi amajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu.
Ukutshala ama-cherries avuthiwe
Imithetho yokutshala ama-cherries ezinhlobonhlobo ze Rovesnitsa iyafana nemithetho yokutshala ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo. Sizobachaza kafushane.
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Indawo enhle yama-cherries ayifulethi noma inethambeka elincane eliseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, evikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo, ekhanyiswe kahle, ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi nezikhukhula. Inhlabathi efaneleke kakhulu inesihlabathi esinamatshe futhi ifakwa i-acidity esondele kokungathathi hlangothi (pH 6.5-7.0).
Iphethini yokufakelwa
Ezingadini zezimboni, ngowesifazane wobudala obufanayo otshalwe ngokwephethini yemitha engu-3 x 5.. Ukulungiselela izingadi nezingadi, ukuhlukanisa izikhala kungancishiswa kumamitha amathathu - amathathu nohhafu, kepha kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukunakekela izihlahla kuleli cala kuzoba nzima ngandlela thile.
Isikhathi sokufika
Esifundeni Esimaphakathi Esimnyama NaseBelarus, le cherry ihlwanyelwe emhlabathini ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza. Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe (ezitsheni) zitshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngenkathi yokukhula.
Isinyathelo-by-sinyathelo sokufika
Ukutshala isithombo, udinga ukulungiselela umgodi wokutshala (ubukhulu 70-80 cm, ukujula okungama-60-70 cm) okungenani amasonto angama-2-3, futhi esimweni sokutshala kwentwasahlobo lokhu kwenziwa ekwindla. Igcwele ingxube yezinto eziphilayo (humus, compost), peat, chernozem nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 2: 1. Kungcono ukubeka ungqimba lwamatshe ochotshoziwe (ubumba olwandisiwe, isitini esaphukile, njll.) Ngobukhulu be-10-15 cm ngaphambi dala amanzi. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokutshala ama-cherries:
- Amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesithombo kufanele zifakwe emanzini isixazululo seZircon noma isivuseleli sokukhula esifanayo.
- Kwembiwa umgodi onobukhulu obunjalo emgodini wokungena ukuze uhlelo lwempande yezithombo enezimpande ezisakazwayo lubekwe kuwo, kuthi isigxoba sobumba sithululelwe enkabeni yalo.
- Ebangeni elithile ukusuka enkabeni, kufakwa esigxotsheni esingu-1-1.3 metres.
- Isithombo sehliselwa emgodini ngentambo yomsuka esidulini futhi simbozwe ngumhlaba, sikuhlanganisa ngokucophelela. Intamo yezimpande kufanele iphelele ezingeni lomhlabathi. Kuyinto elula ukuphatha lokhu ngosizo lukaloliwe obekwe emgodini.
- Isitshalo siboshelwe esikhonkwaneni ukuze amagxolo angadluliseki. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinto ezi-elastic (i-braid, towized rubber, njll).
- Kwenziwa isigaqa sobumba sizungeze isiqu ukuze sibambe amanzi, emva kwalokho siniselwa kaningi. Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa isiyingi esiseduze nesiqu izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuwuthatha ngokuphelele - lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuqina kwenhlabathi okufika ezimpandeni kanye nokungabikhona kwezono zomoya.
Kwenziwa isigaqa sobumba sizungeze isiqu ukuze sibambe amanzi, emva kwalokho siniselwa kaningi.
- Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngezinto ezifanele, isibonelo, i-humus, utshani, i-husk ye-sunflower noma i-buckwheat, njll.
- Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa ubude bungu-0.8-1.2 m, amahlumela asikwa phakathi.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Njengokufika, ukunakekela iminyaka efanayo akunzima, akudingi ezinye izindlela ezikhethekile namasu. Kuqukethe imicimbi evamile yesiko - ukuthambisa, ukugqoka phezulu, izihlahla.
Ukunisela
Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela isomiso, azidingi ukuthambisa kaningi. Kwanele ukunisela i-cherry ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese uphinde kabili ngaphezulu ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngokuphumula kwamaviki ama-2-3. Uma ihlobo selomile futhi lishisa, khona-ke ukunisela okungu-1-2 ngemuva kokuvunwa ngeke kulimale. Ekwindla, zonke izitshalo, zisebenza ngenkasa yokulayisha amanzi ngaphambi kobusika. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi idinga ukukhululwa ukuze inikeze ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen endaweni yezimpande. Kuyalulekwa futhi ngemboza yezihlahla zemifino.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengenjwayelo, ngonyaka we-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, baqala ukondla umuthi njalo.
Ithebula: Isheduli yomanyolo weCherry
| Izinsuku Zokusebenza | Izinhlobo zomanyolo | Indlela Yokusebenzisa | Umthamo kanye nemvamisa |
| Intwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza | I-organic (umquba, humus) | Ngaphansi kokumba | 5-7 kg / m2kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4 |
| Umanyolo weNitrogen (urea, ammonium nitrate) | 20-30 g / m2njalo ngonyaka | ||
| Ingxenye yesibili kaMeyi, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali | Umanyolo we-Potash mineral (i-potassium monophosphate, i-potassium sulfate) | Qhafaza emanzini lapho uthambisa | 10-20 g / m2njalo ngonyaka |
| NgoJuni | Ukufakwa kotshani (ukhula, iziqongo) emanzini. Faka utshani emgqonyeni, ugcwalise ngamanzi afudumele bese ugcizelela isonto lonke. | I-1-2 amalitha we-infusion egxilile nge-1 m2 | |
| Ukuwa | I-Superphosphate | Ngaphansi kokumba | 30-40 g / m2njalo ngonyaka |
Ukuncipha
Umqhele womqhele wobudala obufanayo, njengomthetho, ngokuya ngohlelo lwe-sparse-tier eminyakeni engu-4-5 yokuqala yokuphila kwesihlahla. Esikhathini esizayo, sinqunywa kakhulu, ngakho-ke umqhele wesihlahla walezi zinhlobonhlobo awuthambekeleli ekuqineni. Ngokwesiko, izihlahla zincishiselwa ekuhlanzeni ngezikhathi kwamagatsha owomile nanesifo (ukuthenwa kwendle), kanye nokunciphisa umqhele, uma kusadingeka.
Umqhele womqhele ofanayo wobudala, njengomthetho, ngokohlelo lwe-sparse-tier eminyakeni engu-4-5 yokuqala yokuphila kwesihlahla
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-cherry Rovesnitsa inyuse ukungatheleleki kwezifo eziyinhloko zokukhunta (moniliosis, coccomycosis). Futhi futhi akuvamile ukuthinteka ezinye izifo. Kulokhu izinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu angabona ihlosi le-cherry, aphid, namaqabunga. Imvamisa, ukuvikela lezo zinkinga, ukuthobela izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela (ukuhlanza indawo yamaqabunga awele ekwindla, ukugaywa okujulile kwangaphambi kobusika ngeziqu zezihlahla, ukuthathwa kwamatshe amade kanye namagatsha awugqinsi), kanye nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi nge-fungicides (izidakamizwa ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta) kanye nezinambuzane (izindlela ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane).
Ithebula: ukucubungula ama-cherries ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
| Isikhathi | Ukulungiselela | Imvamisa | Isenzo |
| Ukuphela kobusika - ukuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokukhula kwamahlamvu | Isixazululo esingu-3% se-zethusi sulfate noma ka-Bordeaux | Minyaka yonke | Universal (kuzo zonke izifo nezinambuzane) |
| I-BOTTOM | Kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu | ||
| Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ukwelashwa okukodwa, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10 | Ama-fungicides anjenge-Chorus, i-Quadris, iStrobi, njll. | Minyaka yonke | Ukusuka ezifweni fungal |
| Ama-insecticides anjenge-Decis, Spark, Aktar, njll. | Kusuka ezinambuzaneni | ||
| Ihlobo, inani elingenamkhawulo lokwelapha ngokuphumula kwamasonto amabili | I-Fitosporin-M | Ukusuka ezifweni zokukhunta nokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar | |
| Ukuwa kwesikhathi | 5% isixazululo se-iron sulfate | Universal |
Entwasahlobo, ngicubungula izihlahla zami zezithelo, kufaka phakathi ama-cherries, ngenhlanganisela yebhodwe likaHorus noDecis. Okusho ukuthi, kwinani elifanayo lamanzi (amalitha ayi-10) ngincibilikisa u-1 gram weDecis kanye no-3 amagremu kaHorus. Le mishanguzo iyahambelana futhi igcina ikhwalithi yayo lapho ihlanganiswa, futhi ingxube enjalo iyasebenza ngasikhathi sinye ngokumelene nezifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane. Ngichitha ukubuya ezintathu - eyodwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nezimbali ezimbili ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi nomsebenzi ukuze kucubungulwe.
Ukubuyekezwa
Phezu kwezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu ze-Rovesnitsa cherry izinhlobo kanye nokwanda kwazo ezivandeni zezimboni, akuxoxwa ngazo ikakhulukazi ezinhlanganweni zabalimi. Ngemuva kokuhlola amasayithi amaningi, ngikwazi ukuthola izibuyekezo ezimbili kuphela.
Kwangijabulisa ukuvuna i-cherry (Coeval) - cishe ama-20 kg ukusuka ekutshalweni kwesihlahla ngo-2006. Ukunambitha i-acidic encane ukwedlula ngonyaka owedlule. Ngenxa yezimvula?
Anina, eMoscow//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=1020
Ngonyaka odlule ngitshale ama-cherries ngama-cherries (i-Rovesnitsa - Le cherry idume kakhulu phakathi kwabafuyi nabalimi ngenxa yokuvunwa kwayo ephezulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezinhle esimweni sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi. UCherry Rovesnitsa ubekezelela kalula ihlobo elomile nelishisayo futhi alifisi ebusika ngesikhathi samaqhwa) zombili izihlahla ziyaqhakaza, indiza ejwayelekile.
FiL//www.infoorel.ru/forum/forum_read.php?f=45&id=642598&page=4&ofs=60
I-Cherry Coeval inezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa - ukuzithoba, ukungavikeleki kwezifo, ukumelana nesomiso, ukuqina kobusika, ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo. Sincoma ngokuzethemba lokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuthi kungatshalwa kuphela esifundeni sokukhula, kodwa nangaphezulu.
