Izinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha futhi ezithela phezulu zamakheli iLyubskaya besaziwa isikhathi eside kubalimi futhi zisathandwa namanje. Ngaphandle kokunambitheka okumuncu kwamajikijolo abomvu akhanyayo nokuthambekela kwezifo ezithile, leli siko lezithelo zamatshe lingatholakala cishe kunoma yisiphi isiza sengadi, ngoba iLyubskaya inezinzuzo eziningi.
Umlando omfushane nencazelo yama-Cherubskaya Cherries
Ama-cherries ezinhlobonhlobo zaseLyubskaya akhula ezihlelweni zomuntu siqu nakuzo izihlahla zezithelo ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ukuqanjwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni okokuqala ku-1892. Ngesikhathi esohambweni lokuya esifundeni saseKorochansky esifundazweni saseKursk, usosayensi wegadi uKichunov Nikolai Ivanovich, ehlola izingadi zaseKorochansky ezazidumile ngaleso sikhathi, kubandakanya neLyubskaya cherry.
Ngo-1947, izinhlobonhlobo zafakwa ohlwini lweRegional State of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation. ILyubskaya ingatshalwa esifundeni esiseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga, Central, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus, Middle Volga kanye neLower Volga.
Lesi sihlahla esixakile sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-2,5 kuphela, okungenye yezinzuzo: kulula ukuvuna. Umqhele kaCrohn - ububanzi obukhulu obedlula ukuphakama. Amagatsha aqhamuka esiqwini akhula nge-engela ka-45 °. Amagxolo aqhekekile.
Ama-Cherry ezinhlobonhlobo zeLyubskaya akhula angabi ngaphezu kwama-2-2,5 m
ILyubskaya Cherry iyaphuthuma: isivuno sokuqala singalindelwa ngonyaka we-2-3. Ngonyaka wesihlanu, ifinyelela ku-5-6 kg, lapho usuvuthiwe ngokwengeziwe, ungafinyelela kuma-25 kg. Kwezinye izimo, kwaphawulwa isivuno esifinyelela kuma-50 kg. Isikhathi sokusebenzisa izithelo siyiminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Amajikijolo avuthwa sekwephuze ngokwanele - ekupheleni kukaJulayi ngisho nango-Agasti, kodwa ngokuhlangana. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa, bangakwazi ukubambelela esihlahleni amaviki angama-2-3 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi, kunalokho, bathulule ujusi oluningi futhi bandise okuqukethwe ushukela. Ubukhulu bamajikijolo aphakathi nendawo - 4-5 g, umbala umnyama, isikhumba sibushelelezi, sicwebezelwe, sithambile, kepha siqine. Amathambo mancane, anesisindo esingu-6-8% ngesisindo samajikijolo, ahlukaniswa kalula. Ukunambitheka kumuncu, futhi kumnandi futhi kumuncu kumakhherubi akhula eduze naseningizimu.
Amajikijolo ezinhlobonhlobo zeLyubskaya - obomvu okumnyama, onesikhumba esimushelelezi futhi esikhanyayo
Le nhlobonhlobo yokuzithoza ithela izithelo ngaphandle kwama-pollinators angezekile. Kepha inani lama-ovari, yingakho isivuno, lizokhula kakhulu uma ama-cherries ezinhlobo ezilandelayo akhula eduzane:
- Anadolskaya
- Kharitonovskaya
- Fertile Michurina,
- I-shpanka yokuqala
- Vladimirskaya
- I-Zhukovskaya.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
Izinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo (ngaphandle kwalokhu okukhulunyiwe):
- ukungathobeki;
- ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
- ukuvuthwa okunobungane;
- ukuthutha kwamajikijolo;
- ukwehlukaniswa okulula kwethambo nosayizi walo omncane;
- lula ukuvuna - izinhlobonhlobo zilungele izingadi zezimboni;
- ukuthi kungenzeka kusetshenziswe emapaki wezwe.
Okubi kufaka phakathi:
- ukunambitheka omuncu, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa okusha;
- ukuthambekela kwe-moniliosis ne-cocecycosis.
Ukutshala uCherry Lubsky
Ukutshala i-seedling yaseLyubskaya cherry akunzima.
Isikhathi sokufika
Isitshalo singatshalwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo:
- ukutshala kwentwasahlobo iyindlela engcono kunazo zonke, njengoba lesi sitshalo sisinda kangcono futhi amathuba okuqandeka akhishwe ngaphandle. Ukutshala kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu
- Ukutshala kwe-Autumn kungenzeka futhi, kepha kungcono ukukugwema, ngoba akunasiqiniseko sokuthi isithombo ngeke sitshele. Uma ngesizathu esithile udinga ukummisa ekwindla, kufanele kube ukuphela kuka-Okthoba - ukuqala kukaNovemba.
Ukukhetha nokulondolozwa kwezithombo
I-Sapling (saplings) ithengwa kangcono ekwindla, noma ngabe ukutshala kuhlelwa intwasahlobo. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokutshala, uqinisekiswa ukuthi unezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala, ngenkathi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, akuvunyelwe njalo ukuthenga isithombo esifanele.
Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ze-cherry ekwindla, nokutshala entwasahlobo
Isithombo kumele sibe unyaka owodwa noma umkhawulo weminyaka emibili. Abantu abadala asebekhula ngezimpande bese bekhula kabi; akufanele ulindele isivuno esihle kubo. Isithombo esineminyaka engu-1 ubudala sivame ukuphakama sibe ngama-70-80 cm, esineminyaka emibili - 100-110 cm.I-bark kufanele ibe nsundu ngombala ngaphandle kokufakwa okuluhlaza okotshani, uhlelo lwempande luchazwe kahle.
Uma uthenge isithombo ekwindla, futhi uyositshala entwasahlobo, khona-ke, ukuze usilondoloze, udinga:
- Bamba umsele ngobubanzi nokujula kwamamitha angama-30- 40 nobude obuyimitha.
- Faka i-seedling emseleni ovundlile ukuze umqhele wawo ungaphezulu komhlaba.
Lapho ubeka isithombo se-cherry emseleni, umqhele waso kufanele ube ngaphezulu komhlabathi
- Mboza izimpande nesiqu somhlaba, bese umboza umqhele kahle kusuka ekuqandeni nasezindongeni.
Ngakho-ke, isithombo sizogcinwa kahle kuze kutshalwe.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
ILyubskaya Cherry ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, enamanzi amaningi. Ikhula kangcono emithambekeni emincane (8-10), mhlawumbe entshonalanga noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Uzizwa engcono emithambekeni esenyakatho kuneyaseningizimu. Indawo kufanele ingene umoya kahle, ngaphandle kwezikhukhula. Awukwazi ukutshala ezindaweni eziphansi, ezigodini. Ekutshaleni kweqembu, ibanga phakathi kwemigqa li-3 m, phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana - 2,5-3 m.
Isiza sokufika silungiselelwe kangcono ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga:
- Bumba izimbobo ngokujula okungama-40-60 cm kanye nobubanzi (ububanzi) obuyi-60-70 cm.
- Thela ungqimba ophezulu ovundile emgodini, unezela kuwo ama-10 kg we-humus, ilitha lomlotha, i-150-200 g ye-superphosphate nokuxuba.
Humus - Umanyolo we-organic ocebisa inhlabathi ngazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo
Ukutshala ama-cherries ngezinyathelo
Inqubo yokufika inezinyathelo ezimbalwa:
- Kwakhiwa indunduma emgodini.
- Isithombo sibekwa phezu kwaso, izimpande ziqonde futhi zimbozwe ngezinsalela zomhlaba. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ihlale ibanga elingama-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
Lapho utshala isithombo se-cherry, uqonde izimpande, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngu-3-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba
- Isikhonkwane siqhutshwa eduze kwalapho isitshalo siboshwe khona.
- Umhlaba ugcwele kahle, uthele ngamabhakede amathathu amanzi.
- Umbuthano we-trunk uhlanganisiwe nge-humus 3-4 cm thick.
- Wonke amagatsha ancishiswa yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, kufaka phakathi i-central conductor (isiqu).
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo ze-cherry iyafana nezinye izithelo zamatshe
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Cherry
Ukunakekela iLyubka (njengoba iLyubskaya idume kakhulu) akubangeli inkinga enkulu, echaza ukuthandwa kwayo okukhulu. Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, asikho isidingo sokufaka umquba: kunokudla okwanele kokudla ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ihlala kuphela ukunisela izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngesizini.
Ukunisela
Izinsuku zokunisela:
- ngaphambi kokuqhakaza;
- ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amaqanda;
- ngokushesha emva kokuvuna;
- ekugcineni ekwindla ukuze "ushintshe kabusha" ngomswakama ebusika.
Izinga lokunisela ngamalitha angama-20-30 ngesikwele semitha yesiyingi sesiqu. Ngemuva kokunisela, udinga ukukhulula kahle umhlabathi bese ufaka izithombo zokutshala.
Akumelwe kuniselwe ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo, ngoba angaqhuma.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuzodingeka kusukela ngonyaka wesibili. Entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kwethulwa izinto eziphilayo (10 kg ye-humus noma ilitha eli-1 lezinkukhu ezichitheke ku-10 amalitha amanzi). Uma ingekho into e-organic, ungangeza ama-30 g we-ammonium nitrate, ngemuva kokuyiqeda ngo-10 l wamanzi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar nesixazululo se-urea esingu-0,2 kuyasebenza.
Uma inhlabathi evundile i-acidic, ufulawa we-lime kufanele ungezwe ku-ammonium nitrate kwisilinganiso se-1: 1
Okwesibili kule sizini, ama-cherries adinga ukondliwa ngemuva kokuvunwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umanyolo we-nitrogen awanikeli. Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo ngokufakwa kumlotha (ilitha eyi-1 ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) noma ngesixazululo sezipuni ezi-2 ze-potassium chloride no-3 wezipuni ze-superphosphate ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-superphosphate kunzima ukuyincibilikisa emanzini abandayo, kungcono ukuyifaka ngaphambi kokuyixuba nenani elincane lamanzi ashisayo bese uyifaka kuphela kwekhambi elijwayelekile.
Ukwenziwa komqhele nokubuna
Umqhele kufanele ubunjiwe ukuze isihlahla sikhule ububanzi - usike egatsheni eliseceleni.
Izihlahla kwenziwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo - ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap - noma ngo-Okthoba. Okokuqala, amagatsha awomile futhi anezifo ayagawulwa. Lapho-ke umqhele unqunywe ngaphandle, ususa amagatsha akhula ngaphakathi. Futhi nangxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ezisikiwe ezingenalutho. Akunakwenzeka ukusika ukukhula konyaka, ngoba ama-ovari form.
Izinambuzane: kanjani ukulwa
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezifo ezimbalwa nezinambuzane kulezi zinhlobonhlobo. Cabanga ngezindlela zokulawula nokuvimbela.
I-Cherry Elephant (Weevil)
Leli bhungane liyi-raspberry egolide enemibala engu-5-10 mm ngosayizi. Ubusika obungaphezulu kwenhlabathi bume, lapho kuqala ukushisa kukhuphukela phezulu. Idla kuma-buds, amaqabunga amancane, ama-buds, izimbali, ama-ovari. Uma ungalwa nayo, kungabhubhisa isivuno sonke.
I-Cherry weevil ingachitha sonke isivuno se-cherry
Isinyathelo esisebenzayo sokuvimbela ukusika ekwindla sekwephuzile kwemithi yesihlahla size sibe ngu-10-15 cm ukujula kanye (noma) nokumba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kuhle futhi ukusebenzisa i-calcareous whitewash of boles ngokususa kokuqala kwegxolo elidala, elomile.
Entwasahlobo yokuqala, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya ekuseni lingakabi ngaphezu kuka-5-10 ° C, ungamane nje unyakaze amabhungane endwangu noma ifilimu elisakazwayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungasebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo, izingathekiso), ulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo yomenzi.
UCherry Wabona Umsiki
Lesi sinambuzane esiyingozi kangako sisatshalaliswa kakhulu endaweni engeyona eye-chernozem.
I-larvae hibernate ngaphansi kwengqimba yomhlaba (cm cm) emincane, i-pupate ngoJuni. Isinambuzane esincane esimnyama (5-6 mm) esinamaphiko amane asobala siphuma ukhukhunathi ocekeceke ngoJulayi. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda engaphansi kweqabunga, okuvela kuzo izibungu ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-1-2. Badla uginindela omnandi wamaqabunga, bashiye imichilo ingasebenzi. Amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi, omile futhi abolile. Nge-lesion ebalulekile, umuthi ungaba buthaka kakhulu.
Izibungu zelevukazi le-cherry zifefa ugwebu oluxegayo lweqabunga, lishiya imithambo
NgoSepthemba, izibungu ziyahamba ebusika.
Ukumba nokukhulula inhlabathi engaphezulu, njengasendabeni ye-wee weevil, kunciphisa kakhulu inani lezilokazane.
Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesisindo sezibungu, izitshalo ziphathwa ngenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukumiliselwa kukagwayi noma i-shag;
- ukumiliselwa umhlonyane;
- 0,7% isixazululo somlotha we-soda;
- 10-30% isixazululo se-malathion.
Izifo ze-Cherubskaya Cherry
Ama-cherries ase-Lyubskaya angathinteka yi-moniliosis ne coc cocycosis. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, lokhu kuholela ekufeni kwamaqabunga, izimbali, izinkuni.
ICherry moniliosis, noma ukubola kwezithelo okumpunga, manje sekugcwele ezindaweni eziningi ezifudumele
Ukuvimbela ngesikhathi kufanele kucishe kuqinisekise ukudambisa izifo. Lokhu kunjalo lapho ukuvimbela kulula kunokwelapha. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, ekwindla (ngemuva kokuvunwa) nentwasahlobo (ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avule) afafazwe ngohlobo lwe-Bordeaux.
Uma kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo, izihlahla zelashwa ngokushesha nge-fungicides (indlela yokulwa nezifo zokukhunta). Manje kwenziwa amalungiselelo amaningi wemvelo okusebenza kwesistimu esebenzayo.
Isenzo esise-systemic sisho ukuthi umuthi, ongena ngaphezulu kwesitshalo, udluliselwa kwezinye izingxenye usuka ngaphakathi.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-4, imvula ngeke ikwazi ukugeza umuthi, izosebenza amasonto ama-2-3. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo azinabungozi kubantu, ezinye zivunyelwe ukucubungula izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuvunwa (Quadris, Horus, njll).
Amaqabunga kanye namagatsha athintwe yisikhunta kumele asuswe endaweni noma ashiswe.
Senzani ngesitshalo
Amajikijolo aseLyubka asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungulwa. Njengoba ithambo lihlukaniswe kalula, futhi uginindela oqinile ubamba ukwakheka kwawo futhi ungaphumi ujusi, le cherry itholakala kahle:
- ujamu;
- i-cherry enjinini yayo;
- isithelo esinezimbali;
- ujamu, ujamu;
- ama-compotes, ujusi;
- izikhala zokulahlwa, ophaya, ophaya.
Iwayini elikhulu le-Culinary ne-cherry lithandwa kakhulu. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho kunelanga eliningi khona, amajikijolo akhula kamnandi futhi angadliwa amasha.
Ukubuyekezwa kwe-cherry Lyubskaya
Ehlobo ngaphambi kokugcina, ngathenga isithombo se-Cherry enezimpande ezivalekile, ezinhlobonhlobo zeLyubskaya. Etshaliwe, entwasahlobo angiyithandanga indawo ahlala kuyo, ngiyinqamula ngesigaxa sendawo yaya endaweni entsha. I-cherry yami yaqhakaza njengengqondo, amahlamvu ayengabonakali, isivuno naso sijabulile. Lo nyaka isithombe esifanayo. Isihlahla esingaphezu kwamamitha ubude, kodwa kubonakala sengathi ukuvuna kuzojabulisa lo nyaka. :) Ukhungathekile ngonyaka owedlule ngosayizi wamajikijolo, ake sibone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani kulokhu.
Lenka//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/showthread.php?t=1752
Ukufingqa, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-cherry zaseLyubskaya zinezinzuzo ezinkulu kakhulu kunezinkinga. Ukutshala nokukhula kuyatholakala nakwabaqalayo kanye nabantu abamatasa. Ngokutshala izihlahla eziningana ezinjalo esizeni sakho, emva kweminyaka embalwa unganikeza umndeni wakho ukuvuna okumnandi nokunempilo ebusika ngaphandle kokusebenza kanzima.
