Ukuhlukahluka kwama-apula amnandi namafutha "Abantu Abakhulu"

Izihlahla ze-Apple zalesi sigaba zande kakhulu ensimini yaseYurophu.

Bathola udumo lwabo ngenxa yobukhulu babo obukhulu, ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo kanye nezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ze-Apple Abantu abakhulu bayothokoza abalimi ngokuvunwa kwawo okuphezulu.

Uhlobo luni olusebenzayo?

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula ziyizinhlobo zehlobo zasehlobo.

Isikhathi sokuvuna siwela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Izihlahla ze-Apple ziletha ukuvunwa okukhulu, ukuphumula kwabo kuphela kuyiphunga elimnandi kakhulu elithinta ama-wasps.

Izithelo ezivuthiwe zibopha esihlahleni futhi azitholakali. Izithelo zigcinwa kuze kube nguJanuwari.

Ama-apula alezi zihlukahlukene afanelekile ukulondolozwa. Ngoba isitoreji se-apula esisha esiphundu sihambisana kahle.

Ukuvota

Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zivotelwa yizinambuzane kuphela. Kufanele itshalwe eceleni kwezinye izihlahla ze-apula ukuze kuthuthukiswe impova.

Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo "Abantu Abakhulu"

Ukubonakala komuthi we-apula kuthatha indima enkulu ekwenzeni izinhlobonhlobo zokutshala.

I-apple tree Different Abantu abahluke kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-apula.

Izihlahla engaphansi, ngekhanda eliminyene. Amagatsha avuswa. Amagxolo asundu. Amahlumela anama-grey, aqinile.

Amahlamvu emithini ye-apula e-oval, i-pubescent encane, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ipule leLeaf kancane ibomile, imiphetho enamanzi.

Izithelo Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezidumile, zihlala ezinhlangothini ezivuthiwe zezithelo. Ngokuyinhloko ziyingayizi ephakathi, isimo sihlukile.

Kodwa-ke, izithelo zinezakhiwo.

Amarebhu ayichazwanga.

Umbala wezithelo - aluhlaza, akukho-topcoat.

Pulp emhlophe futhi ephuzi, kancane evulekile, enomnandi futhi emuncu. I-saucer incane.

Funnel ubukhulu obuphakathi, obomvu ngokuzungezile emaphethelweni.

Amakhamera weMbewu ivalwe ngokuqinile, imbewu ngokwayo isayizi obukhulu.

Isithombe

Qaphela ngokucacile izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "Abantu Abakhulu" bangaba esithombeni ngezansi:

Umlando wokuzala

Lezi zihlukahlukene zatholakala eMichurin Horticultural Research Institute ku 1937 ngonyaka Lezi zihlukahlukene zakhiwe yi-S.I. Isaev.

Isisekelo salezi zihlukahlukene sithathwe I-Belle Fler Chinese futhi I-Paping. Ukudlulela kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nendlela yokuhlunga.

Ososayensi izinhlobo ezikhethiwe ngokucophelela ukuze ziwele. Umuthi womama wenza njengesivunguvungu.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-19 zezihlahla zikaPapirovka zikhethiwe. I-Belle Fler yaseShayina yenze njengenhlobonhlobo yobaba.

Ngemuva kwempova yokuqala impova yokuphindaphinda ithathwe emithini eyishumi kuphela. Ukuvuthwa kwesibili kwaba yimpumelelo, abalimi bakwazi ukuthola imbewu yokuqala ye-Big Popular ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu yayigcinwe emfuleni wesihlabathi.

Ngokunakekelwa okwengeziwe, indlela yomeluleki yasetshenziswa. Ukuzikhandla kwesibalo kwakunezimo ezibandayo kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kahle kwamaqhwa.

Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo

Ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene ezidumile zizwa kahle ezimweni ezifudumele. Lezi zihlukahlukene zande endaweni Izifunda zase Voronezh naseLimpetsk. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokunisela okunezinhlobo eziningi kuletha isivuno esihle.

Izinhlobonhlobo zihambisana kahle nesimo sezulu esishisayo. Isimo esikhulu sokukhula okujwayelekile - ukuchelela okuningi. Ngokuntuleka kokunisela, isivuno somuthi sinciphile, ngoba umuthi awukwazi ukuzitholela zonke izakhi ezidingekayo.

Isitha esinzima salezi zihlahla ze-apula kubanda. Lapho ujwayela izifunda ngobusika obunzima, akufanele uvumele lesi sihlahla ukuba sishaye. Uma kubanda kakhulu, umswakama uzothola ohlelweni lwesitshalo somuthi, okungabangela ukubola okulandelayo ngemva kwesikhathi.

Ukuthela

Ukutshala kwezihlahla ze-apula Abantu abaningi bayama ukuqoqa ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.

Isisindo esijwayelekile sesithelo esivuthiwe singama-150 amagremu. Izithelo ezivuthiwe aziwa, kodwa unamathela ngokuqinile.

Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhathi sokuvuna sinokulinganisela.

Ukulimala kwenzeka kanye ngonyaka. Ukusuka emthini owodwa kungatholakala kufika ku-25 kilograms yesitshalo. Ama-apula akhethiwe alondolozwe kahle.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle udinga ukutshala i-apula kahle futhi uyinakekele kahle.

Ngaphambi kokutshala i-apula kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi indawo enhle ikhethiwe kuyo.

Izihlahla ze-Apple kufanele zitshalwe kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, noma ekupheleni kukaSeptemba nasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Kuncike ekutheni uhlwanyela isithombo ngesistimu evulekile.

Ukulungiselela ukutshala kufanele kuqale ngesonto.

Ukuze uthole umuthi we-apula, kubalulekile ukulungisa imbobo bese ufaka umhlabathi kuwo. Umhlaba kufanele ufudumale ngesonto.

Izihlahla ze-Apple zidinga ukutshala eseceleni kwamamitha angu-4-5 kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlabathi emgodini kufanele ukhululiwe.

Ukuze uzuze isivuno esihle udinga ukunakekela umuthi we-apula. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokunakekela. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu esizicabangayo kulesi sihloko.

Izinyathelo zokunakekela eziyisisekelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwesihlahla.
2. Ukwelashwa kwezindawo ezilimele.
3. Ukususwa kwamagatsha afile.
4. Umhlaba ukhulula.
5. Ukunisela
6. Ukwelapha izinambuzane.

Ukuqaphela lezi zinyathelo, uzohlinzeka ukunakekelwa okuphelele kwe-apula. Ngenxa yokunakekela kuyogwema ukulimala kwe-apula kanye nesitshalo.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izifo eziyingozi kunazo zonke zezihlahla ze-apula yizi:

1. powdery isikhutha,
2. isikhumba,
3. i-cytosporosis,
4. ukushisa amabhaktheriya,
5. ukukhanya okumangalisayo
6. izithelo ukubola.

I-Cytosporosis. Ukuze unqobe lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukuphatha lesi sihlahla no-Hom, futhi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukucubungula ishubhu sulphate.

Idonsa likaMealy. Ukulwa nalesi sifo kuwufanele ukuqala entwasahlobo. Isihlahla kumele siphonswe ngokulungiselela okukhethekile (i-Topaz noma i-Skro).

Scab. I-ally enhle ekulwa nokukhwehlela kuyoba yi-Topaz yezidakamizwa.

Ukushisa amabhaktheriya. Indlela ephumelelayo yokulwa nokushisa amabhaktheriya ukubhujiswa komthombo wesifo. Izigxobo zokufaka uphawu nokuchithwa kwe-disinfection.

I-Milky shine. Ibhakede elimazekile lizosuswa, futhi isiqu kufanele siphathwe ngezidakamizwa ezivuselelayo.

Izithelo zibola. Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu. Ukuhluka komzabalazo naye kuhlanza isitshalo nge Hom.

Izinambuzane zezihlahla ze-apula ziyi:

1. i-aphid eluhlaza
2. uphawu,
3. flowerbed
4. amaqabunga,
5. i-apple moth
6. listaploshka

Ama-aphid ahlaza. Ukuze ulwe nama-aphid aluhlaza, udinga ukufiphala izihlahla ngesisombululo sogwayi nesepha.

Listoblashka. Endabeni ye-leafblock kufanele ifake izihlahla ngomusi wokubhema.

Okuhle kuzosiza ukuphalaza ikhambi karbofosa.

Apple moth. Ukubhubhisa imvukuzane kuzokwazi ukuphambanisa isixazululo se-chlorophos.

Isikhwama se-Leaf. Ungasusa ama-leafworm ngesisombululo se-nitrofen.

I-Codling moth. Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwenundu isihlahla kufanele siphonswe ngesisombululo se karbofos noma i-chlorophos.

Ukufingqa, singasho ukuthi ama-apula we-Great Folk varieties afanelekile ukucubungula nokugcina.

Izihlahla ze-Apple zalolu hlobo ziyizinhlobo zezimboni zezihlahla ze-apula. Ibanga lithola igama ngokungelona uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwezithelo. Kodwa ukubonakala kuyakhohlisa.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu zama-apula zinambitheka kakhulu futhi ziphunga kakhulu. Abalimi abaningi bakhula emakhaya.