Ngaphandle kokuthi kunezinhlobo zokuvikela izifo zezihlahla zama-apula, kaningi awukwazi ukugwema ukuzihlula ngezifo ezahlukahlukene nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Kuyihlazo uma ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinhle nezinamahloni ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile ama-ovari angawa noma izithelo ziphenduke umhlonyane. Futhi kunezimo ezinzima kakhulu - lapho kungekuphela ukuthi isitshalo sifa kuphela, kodwa nesihlahla uqobo. Ukugwema lolu hlobo lwenkinga, kufanele wazi ukuthi kufanele uphathe kanjani futhi kanjani futhi umuthi we-apula ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela izifo ezingenzeka zezihlahla zama-apula nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane, kunconywa ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo
Lesi yisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nezifo nezinambuzane. Kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokudumba kwezinso ngokufafaza imiqhele yezihlahla kanye nenhlabathi yeziqu zemithi ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla zesenzo sendawo yonke:
- I-DNOC (ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu);
- INitrafen (kanye ngonyaka);
- Isixazululo esingu-3% se-zethusi sulfate noma ka-Bordeaux.
Igalari yezithombe: amalungiselelo wokuqeda ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ze-apula
- I-Copper sulfate isikhunta esisebenzayo
- I-Nitrafen isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-mizizi.
- I-DNOC isetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu
Icubungula isiqu sesihlahla se-apula ngomonakalo wegxolo
Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi amagxolo esihlahla se-apula alimale. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yemigodi yesithwathwa, ukulimala ngamagundane, amabhungane, ukubanjwa ngokungakhathali kwamathuluzi, njll. Ezimweni ezinjalo, Hlanza isilonda ngommese obukhali kumaswidi anempilo futhi ukhiphe isibulala magciwane ngesisombululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi (ungasebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide, utshwala). Emva kwalokho, ake owomile futhi amboze nge ungqimba var var engadini.
Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa i-var engadini, okubandakanya imikhiqizo kaphethiloli - uphethiloli, uphethiloli, uphethiloli, njll. Abalimi abanolwazi bathanda izingoma ezivikelayo ezisuselwa ezintweni zemvelo - i-beewax, i-lanolin, izinsalela zemifino.
Abalimi abanolwazi bathanda ukuhlanganiswa okuvikelayo okusekelwe kwizithako zemvelo
Abanye abalimi basebenzisa ingxube yobulongwe bezinkomo nobumba obomvu ngokulingana ukuvikela amanxeba. Le ngxube ihlanjululwe ngamanzi ukuze iguqukele kokhilimu omuncu omuncu futhi ihlanganiswe nesilonda. Uma kwenzeka kulimala indawo enkulu, ungangeza futhi noma ugatsha ngendwangu ukotini.
Ungacubungula kanjani wabona izihlahla ezingama-apula ezisikiwe
Lapho usika, konke ukubona ukusikeka kwamagatsha anesilinganiso esingaphezu kuka-10 mm kufanele kuhlanzwe ngommese obukhali bese kumbozwe ungqimba lwe-var engadini.
Amacembe amagatsha anobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-10 mm kufanele ahlanze ngommese obukhali futhi ambozwe ungqimba lwegadi ye-var
Futhi ukuvikela ukusikeka kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise upende wegadi okhethekile ngesisekelo se-acrylic.
Amapende wegadi asetshenziselwa ukwenza imicucu emhlophe kanye nokuvikela ukusikeka.
Ungayisusa kanjani i-moss ne-lichen esihlahleni se-apula
Egangeni lezihlahla zama-apula ezikhula emthunzini, ezindaweni ezinomswakama onomqhele oshubile, ama-mosses noma ama-lichens avela kaningi. Ngaphandle kokungena imininingwane ye-biology yabo, siphawula ukuthi ama-mosses nama-lichens ahlanganiswe ukungabikho kwezimpande. Angeke kuthiwe yizifo noma izinambuzane zesihlahla se-apula. Ama-mosses nama-lichens awondli ku-bark, noma emaqabungeni, noma izithelo zezithelo zomuthi we-apula. Amagxolo esihlahla awenzelwe kuphela ipulatifomu yokuphila - athola ukudla ngothuli, amanzi emvula futhi ngenxa ye-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, umuthi we-apula ulimaza kubo kuphela ngenxa yokudala izindawo ezinomswakama emagxolo lapho kuhlala khona izinambuzane nefungi. Ukuze uqede ama-mosses nama-lichens udinga:
- Spread film, Indwangu, iphepha, njll. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
- Hlanza ngokucophelela konke ukususa kusuka ebusweni bamagatsha nesiqu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-spatula, ummese (ohlangothini olufiphaza), ibhulashi lensimbi, njll. Yenza lokhu ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokulimaza amagxolo.
Ungasusa i-moss noma i-lichen kusuka kumagxolo esihlahla nge-spatula.
- Ngemuva kokuqeda lesi sinyathelo, susa bese ushisa imfucuza ebangelwa.
- Fafaza umqhele, isiqu kanye namagatsha ngesixazululo se-2% se-iron sulfate.
- Zicwebe isiqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi ngesisombululo selamula esitshekile ngokufakwa kwe-3% yethusi sulfate.
Le misebenzi kufanele yenziwe ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokukhula kwesihlahla.
Ividiyo: ama-mosses nama-lichens ezihlahleni zezithelo
Ungawuphatha kanjani futhi kanjani umuthi we-apula ezifweni
Imvamisa, izihlahla zama-apula zitholakala kalula ezifweni zokukhunta. Ngokujwayelekile, amagciwane kanye namagciwane.
Ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezifo fungal
Lezi zifo zibangelwa isikhunta ezahlukahlukene. Bahlanganiswe izindlela nezindlela zokutheleleka. Izinhlayiya ze-pathogen ziwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zesitshalo ngemisinga yomoya, uthuli, imvula, yethulwa yizinambuzane. Lapho kwenzeka izimo ezivumayo (lokushisa, umswakama), ziyaqhuma bese ukhunta luqale umphumela walo olonakalisayo. Ngokuvimbela nokwelashwa, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa, zihlanganiswe eqenjini lama-fungicides.
Ukuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwe-moniliosis
Enye yezifo ezivame kakhulu. Imvamisa, ukutheleleka kwenzeka entwasahlobo, lapho izinyosi emilenzeni zingena ezinhlangeni zefungus zibe sezimbali zesihlahla se-apula. Izimbali ezimangele, amahlumela amasha, amaqabunga. Konke lokhu kuyaphela futhi kubukeka sengathi kuyahlawuliswa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukushiswa kwezezimali.
Nge-moniliosis, amahlumela namaqabunga esihlahla se-apula abukeka etshisiwe
Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe, emva kwalokho ziphathwe ngama-fungicides, ngokwesibonelo, uHorus, u-Abiga-Peak, uTopsin. Ukuvimbela inkinga, kungcono ukuqala ukucubungula kusengaphambili. Zenziwa:
- Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
- Ngemuva kwezimbali.
- Izinsuku eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokwelashwa kwesibili.
Uma lesi sifo singakwazanga ukwelapheka ngokuphelele noma ukutheleleka kwenzeka ehlobo, khona-ke i-moniliosis ithinta izithelo nge-grey (izithelo) bola.
Ehlobo, i-moniliosis ithinta isithelo nge-grey (izithelo) bola
Kulokhu, izithelo ezithintekayo ziyaqoqwa futhi zichithwe, emva kwalokho umqhele ufafazwe ngokulungiswa kweStrobi, okuvimba ngokushesha lesi sifo, futhi kuvikele nokusakazeka kwaso okunye. Kepha ungakwenza lokhu kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-35 ngaphambi kokuvunwa okuhlosiwe kwama-apula. Uma umnqamulajuqu ulahlekile, khona-ke ngaphambi kokuvuna bavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa komuthi wemvelo i-Fitosporin ngokuphumula kwamasonto angu-1-2. Lesi sidakamizwa asisi umlutha futhi siphephile kubantu.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izithelo zingabola hhayi kuphela kusuka ku-moniliosis, kepha futhi nasekulimaleni kwesikhumba yizilokazane, isibonelo, inundu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubola kuqala endaweni yangakini esizeni somonakalo. Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane zichazwe ngezansi.
Igalari yezithombe: ama-fungicides esihlahla se-apula
- I-Chorus - isikhunta esibanzi esibanzi
- I-Phytosporin ayimilutha kwisikhunta
- Ama-Strobes asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kokubola kwezithelo nezinye izifo zesikhunta.
- UTopsin uvikela isihlahla sama-apula kwisikhunta amasonto ama-2-3
- Abiga Peak - isenzo sokubulala
Ividiyo: ukubola kwezithelo
Ukwelashwa kwe-apungal apple
Egangeni lesihlahla se-apula, izikhathi ezinobumba ezinesimo sokukhunta kwesinye isikhathi ziyavela. Ukhunta ukhula ungene emagxolo bese uyakubhubhisa. Ezimweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme, lukhula lube ngokhuni. Lokhu kuvame ukubukwa lapho kukhona ukusikwa kwegatsha okungafunyanwanga esihlahleni. Kulezi zimo, igobo lingakheka njengomphumela wesilonda. Ungaphulukisa isihlahla sama-apula ukhunta osebeni, noma ngabe unjani:
- Hlanza izindawo ezilimele bese ususa izingxenye ezithintekile zegxolo nezinkuni kuzicubu ezinempilo.
- Cwilisa ingaphezulu lesilonda ngesisombululo esingu-2% se-sulfate yethusi.
- Phatha isilonda nge-varnish yengadi noma iRanNet.
I-RanNet isetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokwelapha ukulimala kwamagxolo kanye nezinkuni
Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza Omnyama Apple
Umdlavuza omnyama (waseYurophu) wezihlahla zama-apula uvame ukwenzeka ekuqhekekeni kwamagxolo noma ukusikeka kwamagatsha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kuzitshalo ezibuthakathaka nezilungisiwe. Izihlahla ezingama-apile nezinamandla azithinteki ngalesi sifo. Izimpawu zokuqala zawo ukubonakala kwezindawo ezinsundu ebusweni bamagatsha, okwathi emva kwalokho kwaqhekeka imifantu, kwavela izigaxa ezimnyama kuso. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izingcezu ezithintekile zegxolo zaqhuma, ziveza izinkuni.
Umdlavuza we-apula omnyama (waseYurophu) uvame ukwenzeka emagxolo aqhekekile
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza omnyama kwehlukile ekwelashweni kwanoma yiluphi olunye ukhunta: ukuhlanza isilonda kubhuloho elinempilo nokhuni; ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-2% se-sulfate yethusi; isivikelo se-var var.
Izifo ezingamagciwane zesihlahla se-apula - ukuvimbela nokwelashwa
I-bacteriosis (ukushiswa kwamagciwane) kwesihlahla se-apula kubangelwa yi-bacterium Erwinia amylovora elethwe kithi evela eMelika. Umenzeli we-causative ungena ohlelweni lwe-vascular lwesitshalo ngomonakalo nangama-izicubu aqhekekile. Imvamisa, i-bacterium ingena ngepistil yimbali elinyazwe yi-moniliosis, futhi zombili izifo zingenzeka ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuxilonga i-bacteriosis, udinga ukwazi izimpawu zayo:
- Phakathi kwamaqabunga amaqabunga amaqabunga umbala obomvu avela.
- Imikhawulo yamahlumela yonyaka wamanje iya oma.
- Ngenxa yokuvela kokukhipha okumhlophe, amagxolo ayaqina. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umuna ubumnyama.
- Ama-buds owomile nezimbali aziweli, kodwa qhubeka nokuhlala emagatsheni futhi uthole umbala onsundu omnyama.
Ama-buds omile nezimbali ezithinteka yi-bacteriosis yesihlahla se-apula zingawi, kepha qhubeka nokuhlala emagatsheni uthole umbala onsundu omnyama
- Izithelo ezimnyama nezifile nazo azikhukeki futhi zilenga emagatsheni isikhathi eside.
Izithwali zokutheleleka yizinambuzane ezincelayo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokuvimbela izifo ezilwa nezinambuzane nezifo zizosebenza ngokuqinile ezifweni zamagciwane. Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa: Ampicillin, Fitolavin, Tetracycline + Streptomycin, Ofloxacin.
Izifo ezingamagciwane zesihlahla se-apula - ukuvimbela
Amagciwane, njengamagciwane, angeniswa kulesi simila ngokuncela izinambuzane. Amagciwane angena ohlelweni lwemithambo yesihlahla ngomonakalo, ukusikeka, ukuqhekeka. Izifo ezingamagciwane ziyaziwa: i-mosaic, i-panicle (umshanelo womthakathi), inkanyezi (inkanyezi) ukuqhekeka kwezithelo nabanye. Azikho izidakamizwa ezonakalisa amagciwane, ngakho-ke izindlela zokuvimbela kuphela ezisebenzayo. Ukwanda kokungavikeleki kwamagciwane, kufafazwa ngama-phytohormones, isibonelo, i-Epin noma i-Zircon, kuyasetshenziswa.
Igalari yezithombe: Izihlahla ezingama-apula zesihlahla seapula
- Ukubona kukaMose amaqabunga e-apula kungenye yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
- Iphansi laziwa ngokuthi umshanelo womthakathi
- Lapho kuphuka insimbi, izithelo zesihlahla se-apula zimbozwa ngemifantu
Ungawuphatha kanjani futhi kanjani umuthi we-apula ezinambuzaneni
Kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa ezihlasela isihlahla se-apula.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi
Empini yokulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi, izidakamizwa zeqembu lesinambuzane ziyasetshenziswa.
Codling Apple Tree Processing
Uma ama-apula esihlahleni se-apula aphenduka abe ngumbungu, inundu lokudonsa lasebenza kuwo. I-codling moth luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuyi-nocturnal butterfit okuyizinambuzane ezingena kuma-ovari nezithelo, lapho zidla khona ngembewu.
Uma ama-apula esihlahleni se-apula aphenduka abe ngumbungu, khona-ke inundu lokudonsa lasebenza kuwo
UButterfly ubeka amaqanda emaqabungeni amancane nezimbali zezihlahla zeapula. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho ama-insecticides kufanele aphathwe (uDecis, Fufanon, Iskra, Karbofos, Karate, Actellik asetshenziswa). Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza, bese kuthi okunye okunye kube nesikhathi sezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Ngakho-ke, ungaqeda inkathazo ngisho esiteji se-imago (uvemvane) futhi uvikele ukubeka kweqanda. Kumele kuqondwe ukuthi lapho izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni zingena ngaphakathi kwezithelo, kuzoba sekwephuze kakhulu ukulwa nazo.
Igalari yezithombe: ama-insecticides athandwayo ekwelapheni izihlahla zama-apula kusuka enundu nakwezinye izinambuzane
- I-Decis - isibulala-zinambuzane esibanzi
- I-Fufanon iyinambuzane futhi i-acaricide.
- ISpark Double effect ivikela izinambuzane ezaziwa kakhulu
- Karbofos - isiphithiphithi esijwayelekile esivivinyiwe
- IKarate ilwa hhayi nezinambuzane kuphela, kepha nangamikhaza
- I-Actellic iyasebenza ngokumelene nemikhaza nezinye izilokazane
Ividiyo: icubungula isihlahla sama-apula esivela enundu
Ukwelashwa kwesihlahla se-apula kusuka kubhungane
I-bhungane yezimbali (weevil) icasha ngamaqabunga awile kanye namaphezulu. Entwasahlobo yokuqala ikhuphukela phezulu bese iya emqheleni wesihlahla se-apula. Izinsikazi zakhe zezinsikazi zemifino nemiqumbe, bese zibeka iqanda elilodwa kuzo. Izibungu ezihlikihla ngaphandle kwamaqanda zidla izimbali ezivela ngaphakathi, emva kwalokho zibune.
Izibungu zezimbali zamabhungane zidla izimbali ezivela ngaphakathi, emva kwalokho zibuna
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo ngama-insecticides ngokumelana ne-codling moth kusebenza ngendlela efanayo ngokumelene nalo bhungane.
Ukulwa ne-aphid
Ama-aphid izinambuzane ezincane ezincelayo, zivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga bese zidla ujusi wazo.
I-Aphid yisinambuzane esincane esincelayo, esivame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga bese sidla ujusi waso
Njengoba izintuthwane ziphatha ama-aphid emqheleni wesihlahla se-apula, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuyilwa nazo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi le-Inta-Vir, elisebenzayo futhi ngokuchasene nezinye izinambuzane eziningi (kufaka phakathi i-codling moth kanye ne-leafworm). I-aphid ngokwayo ingabhujiswa nomuthi ofanayo uma isivele yazinza emaqabungeni esihlahla se-apula.
I-Inta Vir izokonakalisa izintuthwane esizeni ngezinsuku eziyi-7 ukuya kwezi-12
Leaflet
Uvemvane Butterfly indiza ngoMeyi bese ubeka amaqanda emaqabungeni amancane esihlahla se-apula. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, amacimbi amancane (aze afike ku-10 mm) aqhamuka emaqandeni, adla amaqabunga, awasonta abe yinqwaba yesimo esingajwayelekile, embozwe kuma-cobwebs. Imithi eminingi yokubulala izinambuzane iyasebenza ekwelashweni, kufaka phakathi leyo eshiwo ngenhla. Ngokuvimbela ngesikhathi, ukulimala kwezinambuzane kungagwenywa.
Amachungane weLeafworm adla amaqabunga, awasonta abe yinqwaba yesimo esingajwayelekile
Ungasusa kanjani ibhungane lamagxolo
IBhungane ibhungane elincanyana (cishe amamitha angama-4) ezindizayo. Entwasahlobo, izinsensane zakhe zezinsikazi emigqeni emide enamagatsha anamandla ngaphansi kwamagxolo esihlahla se-apula sijule phakathi kwezinkuni. Ngejubane ngalinye, ubeka amaqanda, okuthi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12, kuqhume izibungu ezingenamlenze ezinemihlathi enamandla. Ngenkathi yokukhula, izibungu zidla ngokhuni nangama-bast, zenze izindinyana eziningi futhi ezinde. Imvamisa qaphela ukuthi kukhona inkathazo ngemuva kokuwa kwezindawo ezithintekile ze-cortex. Umgcini wegadi olalelayo uzobona ibhungane elilingene, selibonile izimbobo ezindizayo ebangeni elinobubanzi obungaba amamitha amabili. Eduze kwabo kuvame ukuba yinqwaba kafulawa wezinkuni.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, ibhungane lamahungane lidla izinkuni ne-bast, lenza izindinyana eziningi futhi ezinde
Ukulwa naleli bhungane, ukufafaza ngama-insecticides kusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kwendiza yamabhungane, ahambelana ekugcineni kwezimbali zesihlahla sama-apula. Izidakamizwa ezisebenza kakhulu:
- Confidor Extra;
- ICalypso;
- Pirinex et al.
Kukhona ikhambi labantu lokwelapha izinkuni kusuka kubhungane lwamagxolo nezinye izinambuzane ezisuselwa kukaphethiloli. Lo mkhiqizo kawoyela ungena emfucumfucwini omncane kakhulu nama-pores oqweqwe, oqinisekisa ukusebenza kwawo okuphezulu. Kuyatholakala ngokwenza ifilimu evikelayo ngaphezulu evimba ukufinyelela komoya-mpilo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinambuzane ziyafa. Izindlela zokupheka ezidumile ezisebenzisa uphethroli:
- Inombolo yeresiphi 1:
- Dissolve 100 amagremu e-iron sulfate kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi;
- engxenyeni eholelwayo engeza ilitha elilodwa lika-10% ofakwe kalamula kanye namalitha amabili kaphethiloli;
- Ngalesi sixazululo, isiqu namagatsha esihlahla ayafafazwa kuze kuvuke.
- Inombolo yeresiphi 2:
- Izingxenye ezingama-20 kawoyela odizili + izingxenye ezingama-20 zamanzi + izingxenye ezi-5 zobumba;
- lesi sixazululo singasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sezimbali nokwakhiwa kwezithelo.
- Inombolo yeresiphi 3:
- Izingxenye eziyi-10 zikaphethiloli + izingxenye eziyi-9 zamanzi + 1 ingxenye yelondolo noma isepha lensha;
- uhlelo lokusebenza lufana neresiphi engu-2.
Uma ibhungane lamagxolo selingene shí ehlangeni, khona-ke isisetshenziswa sezinambuzane kufanele sisetshenziswe. Ukwenza lokhu, kufakwa phakathi kokuvuleka kwendiza kusetshenziswa isirinji yezokwelapha ejwayelekile. Ukuze uthole i-extrusion, amalungiselelo afanayo asetshenziswa njengokufafaza, kepha ukuqina kwawo kuyanda ku-0,5 ml we-emulsion nge-100 ml yamanzi.
Uma ibhungane lamagxolo lingene shí ehlathini, khona-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe ukuqothula izinambuzane.
Nezizenze
Imvamisa, i-spite mite ibonakala esihlahleni sama-apula, esihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga esihlahla se-apula bese sidla ujusi wawo. Amahlamvu owonakalisiwe akhula kancane futhi ambozwe ngama-cobwebs.
Isigcawu se-spider ngamaqabunga - uphawu lokulimala kwesibungu sesicabucabu
Entwasahlobo yokuqala yokuvimbela noma yimuphi umkhaza, kufaka phakathi izibungu zesicabucabu, izindlela zokwelapha ezichazwe ngenhla nezidakamizwa ezinamandla zanele. Bese usebenzisa ama-acaricides, isibonelo, uFufanon, uKarate, u-Actellik. Njengoba la ma-ejenti enenqwaba yezenzo, ukwelashwa kwawo kuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane eziningi zezinambuzane. Izindlela zokwelapha ezinjalo nazo zivimbela imvelo futhi zenziwa kathathu: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, emva kokuqhakaza izimbali, kanye nezinsuku ezingama-7-10 emva kokwelashwa kwesibili. Ukuqhutshelwa phambili kuqhutshwa njengoba kunesidingo - uma kutholwa izimpawu zomonakalo.
Ama-Rodents
Ebusika, namagundane - amagundane wensimu, amahashe, kuvame ukuhlasela izihlahla ze-apula. Izihlahla ezisencane ezinamagxolo athambile futhi aqhakazayo zithambekele kulokhu. Vele, kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo kusengaphambili ukuvikela inkathazo enje. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, iziqu zenziwa mhlophe zenziwe ngodaka noma upende wensimu, futhi zihlanganiswe nezinto zokuvikela - impahla yophahla, ifilimu, amagatsha e-spruce, njll.
Ukuvikela isiqu somuthi we-apula kusuka kumagundane, amabhodlela epulasitiki afanelekile
Kepha uma wawungeke ukwazi ukugcina umuthi we-apula, okokuqala-ke okudingayo ukuhlola ubukhulu bomonakalo. Uma zingasho lutho, bese usebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelapha ukulimala kwamagxolo nezinkuni, ezichazwe ngenhla. Ezimweni lapho kutholakala khona izilonda ezintsha futhi amagxolo angakabi nesikhathi sokuwoma, faka okokugqoka kwezokwelapha.
- Ukugqoka okwelaphayo nge-decoction ye-linden. Benza kanjena:
- Amagremu angamakhulu amabili ama-linden omisiwe (izimbali, amaqabunga) athululelwa ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi abandayo.
Ama-linden omisiwe angasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanxeba esihlahla se-apula
- Faka umlilo, ulethe ngamathumba bese ubilisa imizuzu engama-30.
- Ipholile bese uyihlunga ngokusebenzisa ungqimba we-gauze.
- Bafaka isilonda esivele sihlanzwe ngaphambili nge-decoction.
- Bopha inxeba ngensimbi yepulasitiki kuze kube ukuwa.
- Amagremu angamakhulu amabili ama-linden omisiwe (izimbali, amaqabunga) athululelwa ngelitha elilodwa lamanzi abandayo.
- I-bandage yokwelapha enesikhulumi. Ubumba oluningi lobumba kanye ne-mullein lufafaza isilonda, silibophe ngebhanti noma elinye izicubu ezifanayo bese lisimboza ngodaka ngaphezulu. Ekwindla, i-bandage iyasuswa.
- I-bandage yezokwelapha nge-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lungisa isixazululo esingu-3% se-sulfate yethusi, esisongela isilonda. Ngemuva kokumiswa, iboshwe ngegoqa lepulasitiki noma ngebhandeji lengadi. Ibhandeji lisuswa ekwindla.
I-bandage ye-Garden universal ilungele ukufaka ukugqoka
Lapho ucubungula isihlahla sama-apula kusuka ezinambuzaneni
Isikhathi sokucubungula izinambuzane ze-apula sihlangana nesikhathi sokwelashwa kwezifo. Ukwelashwa okuqeda amandla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye / noma ekwindla sekwephuzile. Izindlela zokwelapha zokuvimbela izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezindizayo zenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziwe, nangemva kwamasonto athile angama-1-1,5. Ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa njengokudingekayo lapho kutholwa izinambuzane.
Amalungiselelo wokufafaza umuthi we-apula
Ukufafaza izihlahla zama-apula, kusetshenziswa amakhambi amakhemikhali, awemvelo kanye nawabantu Ukuze kube lula umfundi, sifingqa onke amalungiselelo ashiwo endabeni (hhayi kuphela) etafuleni.
Ithebula: izindlela zokufafaza kanye nokusebenza kwezihlahla zeapula
| Izidakamizwa | Yiziphi izifo / izinambuzane | Imithamo nokuphatha | Isikhathi sesenzo sokuzivikela, izinsuku | Isikhathi sokulinda, izinsuku | Inombolo evumelekile yokwelashwa |
| Izinambuzane ezinamandla | |||||
| I-BOTTOM | Okwelapha ukubamba imbala kuzo zonke izinambuzane nezifo | Ukufafaza, u-50 g wesidakamizwa ufakwa kwilitha eyodwa yamanzi, bese ufaka amanzi kumalitha ayi-10 | 20-30 | - | Isikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emithathu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokukhula kwesihlahla |
| Nitrafen | 200 g nge-10 amalitha amanzi | Izikhathi eziyi-1-2 ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye (noma) ekwindla sekwephuzile | |||
| I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | 300 g nge-10 l | ||||
| Uketshezi lweBordeaux | |||||
| I-Urea (urea) | I-50-70 g nge-1 litre yamanzi | ||||
| Ammonium nitrate | |||||
| Ama-fungicides | |||||
| Ikholomu | I-Moniliosis, i-Powdery isikhutha, uqweqwe | 7 g nge-10 l | 7-10 | 10-15 | 3 |
| I-Topsin | 15 g nge-10 l | 10-15 | 20 | 5 | |
| Amasaka | I-Scab, i-moniliosis, i-Powusy isikhutha, isikhunta sosizi, i-mosaic | 2 g nge-10 l | 7-10 | 35 | 3 |
| Abiga Peak | I-Moniliosis, i-powdery hlobo, uqweqwe, amabala, ukugqwala, i-bacteriosis, njll. | 40-50 ml nge-10 l | 15-20 | 20 | 4 |
| I-Fitosporin (biofungicide) | Ukuvimbela zonke izifo fungal | 5 g nge-10 l | 10-14 | 0 | Akunamkhawulo |
| Ama-insecticides | |||||
| I-Decis | Izinambuzane eziningi, kubandakanya:
| 1 g nge-10 l | 15 | 20 | 2 |
| Fufanon | Ukuhlikihla, ukugunda, izinambuzane eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye namakhaza | 1 ml ilitha elilodwa | 14 | - | Kanye amasonto 2-3 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza |
| IKarate | Imikhaza, amabhungane, amabhu | I-4-8 ml nge-10 l | 20 | 2 | |
| Qalisa ukusebenza kabili | Ama-aphid, inundu wokufaka amakhodi, i-leaf flake, i-weevil, i-bushworm, njll. | Ithebhulethi eli-1 nge-10 l | N / a | ||
| I-Actellic | Imikhaza, inundu lamaqabunga, amabhungane amabhungane, izimfoloko | 1 ml / l | 2 | ||
| Karbofos | Imikhaza, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezidla amaqabunga | 90 g nge-10 l | 20 | 30 | 2 |
| Isifuba | Izinkukhu ezihlwayelayo futhi eziquqayo | 1-2 g nge-10 l | 15-20 | 1-2 | |
| I-Callipso | Amaqabunga, amabhungane wezimbali, amabhu, izinambuzane ezikalwa | 2 ml nge-10 l | 15-30 | 2 | |
| I-Pirinex | I-Tick, moth moth, i-aphid, inundu, ibhungane imbali | 1.25-1.5 l / ha | 14 | 1-2 | |
| Inta-Vir kusuka ezintuthwaneni | Izintuthwane | I-100 g nge-500 m2 | 7-12 | - | N / a |
| Izinto zokuvikela | |||||
| Ingadi Var | Ukuvikelwa kokusikeka, amanxeba | Izindlela zikulungele ukusetshenziswa | - | - | Njengoba kudingeka |
| RunNo | |||||
| Lime | Ukuvikelwa kwamagxolo ekushisweni, izinambuzane | Dissolve lime fluff emanzini ukuvumelana kokhilimu koketshezi omuncu | |||
| Upende wengadi | Ilungele ukusebenzisa upende | ||||
| Ama-antibiotic | |||||
| I-Ampicillin | Ukulwa Nezifo Eziyibacteria | 1 ampoule ibhakede lamanzi | N / a | N / a | Akunamkhawulo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokukhula |
| I-Phytolavin | 20 ml ngebhakede lamanzi | Izinsuku ezingama-50 ku +12 ° C; Izinsuku eziyi-10 ku + 30 ° C | Izindlela zokwelapha ezinhlanu zokuphumula kwamasonto amabili | ||
| I-Tetracycline + Streptomycin | Izibhebhe ezi-3 ze-tetracycline kanye ne-1 ithebhulethi ye-streptomycin ihlanjululwe kumalitha ama-5 amanzi | 10-15 | Izindlela zokwelapha ezintathu: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza; ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza; ngemuva kwezimbali | ||
| I-Ofloxacin | Izibhebhe ezi-2 ngebhakede lamanzi | Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza; ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza | |||
| Phytohormones | |||||
| Epin | Ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ukukhushulwa komzimba okukhona | Ama-ampoules ama-2 amalitha ayi-10 | - | - | Izindlela zokwelapha ezimbili: ngaphambi kokuqhakaza; emva kokuvuna |
| I-Zircon | Amaconsi angama-40 ilitha linye lamanzi lifaka ngosuku | - | - | Akunamkhawulo, ngokuphumula kwamasonto angama-2-3 | |
| Amakhambi esintu | |||||
| Isixazululo se-saline | Kusuka kuqwebu nezinambuzane | 1 kg ngebhakede lamanzi | 20 | - | Isikhathi esingu-1 ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpikiswano |
| Dizili uphethiloli | Kusuka kubhungane bamagxolo nezinye izinambuzane | Cwilisa ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1 kuye ku-1 | N / a | - | Kanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo |
| Ucingo lwensimbi | Ama-aphid | I-60 g nge-10 l | N / a | - | Kanye ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza |
| Isilinganiso se-Lime | Ukwelapha amanxeba amagxolo nezinkuni | Bheka ngenhla | Isikhathi sehlobo | - | Njengoba kudingeka |
| Isikhulumi | |||||
Ukusebenza kwe-Apple ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene
Izindlela, izindlela zokwelashwa, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziswayo azinciki esifundeni sokukhula sama-apula. Kuzoba okufanayo naseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, umgwaqo ophakathi nendawo noma eNtshonalanga Crimea. Umehluko kuphela isikhathi sokucubungula ikhalenda. Kungakho sababopha ezigabeni ezithile zokukhula kwesitshalo - isimo sokuphumula (ngaphambi kokuvuvukala), isikhathi ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukuqhakaza, ukubola kwezimbali, ukusetha nokukhula kwezithelo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, izincomo ezibonakalayo ezethulwe ziyasebenza kubalimi banoma isiphi isifunda.
Izindlela zokwelapha ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-apula zingavikeleka. Uma umlimi esebenza ngesikhathi enza ukuqeda ukufafaza ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukwentwasahlobo, lokhu kuzomsindisa ngokuqinisekile ekudumazekeni.
