Kuyivelakancane ukuthola amajikijolo atshaliwe emaplazini ethu. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abathanda ukwenza ubumnandi bakhulisa le berry futhi bayakwazisa ngempela ukunambitheka kwayo okumnandi nezakhiwo ezinempilo. Ingadi ijikijolo iqhathaniswa kahle nezinhlobo zasendle ngesivuno nosayizi wezithelo. Akukenzeki ukuthi enye yezinhlobo zabizwa ngokuthi iGiant.
Umlando we-Blackberry Giant
I-Blackberry ingeyohlobo lweRubus, okubandakanya izinhlobo zemvelo ezingaba ngu-200. IMelika ithathwa njengezwe. Kulapho lapho ngekhulu le-19 baqala khona ukuhlakulela amajikijolo ngenxa nje yezimfanelo zokuhlobisa zesihlahla, ukunakekelwa kalula, kodwa futhi nokunambitheka nephunga elingathandeki lesithelo. Izinhlobo ezintsha kanye nzalo ezingamelana nezimo sezulu ezibandayo zazizalaniswa. Isiko elisha elethwe phesheya ngekhulu lama-20 lagcwala eYurophu. Owokuqala owathi eRussia waqokomisa ukubaluleka kwe-isithabathaba kwakungu-I.V. I-Michurin. Ngenxa yokusebenza isikhathi eside, wahlakulela izinhlobo ezintsha ezazihambisana nezimo zezulu zethu.
Manje emhlabeni kukhona abamele izinhlobo zamasiko ezingaphezu kwama-300.
IBlackberry Giant idume ngamajikijolo ayo amakhulu nokumelana nesithwathwa.
Incazelo
IBlackberry Giant ibaluleke kakhulu ngesivuno esingakaze sibe khona - phakathi nenkathi isihlahla sinikeza cishe ama-30 kg amajikijolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, ibekezelela ukuqanda kuze kufike ku-30 ° C ngaphandle komonakalo, ngakho-ke ingatshalwa hhayi eningizimu yezwe kuphela, kepha futhi nasezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo.
Umdondoshiya wenza isihlahla esidlakadlaka samamitha ayi-1.5-2,5 ngamahlumela aqinile agobekayo. NgoJuni, kuvela ama-inflorescence amakhulu amhlophe ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekwedlule isikhathi, ama-buds awawonakalanga yi-frost yasentwasahlobo, enomphumela onenzuzo ekukhiqizeni.
Isithabathaba esinamandla sigqiza iGiant yakha isihlahla esifinyelela ku-2,5 m
Ukuthathwa kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili. Kuqala kusuka kuJulayi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo ziyi-drupe ehlanganisiwe. Umumo uphakeme, ucwebile. Ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, izithelo zojikijolo ziluhlaza, bese zinsundu, bese zithola i-hue brown-brown. Kumajikijolo avuthiwe, isikhumba esikhanyayo siba mnyama- onsomi.
I-Blackberry Giant kwesinye isikhathi ididaniswa ne-English ezihlukahlukene iBedford giant. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo usayizi wamajikijolo: eBedford mncane, enesisindo esingu-7 g, eGiant - enkulukazi, efinyelela ku-20 g.
Ijusi lesithelo libomvu mnyama; ukunambitheka kuyinto dessert, emnandi futhi omuncu, obucayi, ne iphunga elimnyama le-blackberry. Amajikijolo avuthiwe adliwa emisha, eqandisiwe, omisiwe, ujamu, ujamu, i-compote, notshwala ayalungiswa, engezwe kumalayisi kanye namakhekhe.
I-Blackberry isitolo samavithamini, amaminerali awusizo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kusiza ekulinganiseni ingcindezi, ukuqinisa ukungatheleleki, ukuthuthukisa imetabolism, nokwelapha amanxeba. Le berry ithatha indawo yemvelo ye-aspirin, ngakho-ke isisetshenziswe isikhathi eside ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kanye nokudambisa umkhuhlane.
IBlackberry Giant - izinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo, kuze kube ngama-30 kg amajikijolo angaqoqwa esihlahleni isizini ethile
Phakathi kokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo, ukubekezelela umhlabathi owomile kuphela okuphawuliwe: ukuntuleka komswakama kuthinta kabi inani kanye nekhwalithi yamajikijolo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kube nzima ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezindaweni eziyomile.
Izici Zokufika
Ukuze udle ijikijolo njalo ngonyaka, kufanele unakekele kuqala izithombo futhi utshale kahle.
Ukutshala i-blackberry
Amajikijolo atshalwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isikhathi esihle sokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula. Izithombo zinesikhathi sokusuka kahle phakathi nenkathi futhi ziqine ebusika. Ungatshala i-blackberry ekugcineni kwesizini, kuphela udinga ukwenza lokhu emavikini angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo ezincane zingafa. Ukutshala i-Autumn kungcono ukuthi kwenziwe ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Izithombo ezitsheni zingatshalwa isizini yonke.
Izithombo zeBlackberry ezitsheni zingatshalwa kuso sonke isikhathi sokukhula
Indawo engcono kakhulu yokubheja
IBlackberry Giant - isitshalo esinezithombe ezinhle, sikhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezifudunyezwa yilanga noma emthunzini omncane wokukhanya. Inhlabathi ayifuneki ikakhulukazi, kepha ayifanele ubumba olunzima kanye namaxhaphozi, izimo ezinhle kakhulu zithinta ukusabela okuncane kwe-asidi.
Emhlabathini obumba, kuyadingeka ukuletha ibhakede le-peat nesihlabathi (1 m2) On izihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi sandy loam, amajikijolo zingakhula, kodwa kuzodinga ukwethulwa kwemithamo emikhulu yento eziphilayo ngendlela mulch futhi ukuthambisa. Isambatho sivame ukubekwa ezindaweni ezivikelwe umoya obandayo wasenyakatho - eceleni kocingo, hhayi kude nokwakhiwa.
Kungcono ukutshala i-blackberry eceleni kocingo ukuze uvikeleke emoyeni
Ukukhetha izithombo
Izikhungo zezingadi kanye nezindawo zokunakekela izingane manje zinikezela ngesabelo esikhulu sama-amajikijolo atshaliwe. Lapho ungazikhethela ngqo lezo zinhlobo ezibekelwe izimo zasendaweni, thola izeluleko zesazi ngokunakekela izitshalo. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthola izithombo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala ngohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle. Izingane ezinonyaka owodwa kufanele zibe neziqu ezimbili eziyisi-5mm nesihlahla esenziwe ezimpandeni. Izingane ezineminyaka emibili ubudala kufanele okungenani zibe nezimpande ezi-3 eziyinhloko ubude obu-15 cm kanye nengxenye yomoya engama-40 cm ukuphakama.
Uma amagxolo esenkingeni, nenyama ngaphansi kwawo insundu, kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sembiwe isikhathi eside, sesivele somile futhi kungenzeka singathathi izimpande.
Ungakutshala kanjani ijikijolo
Sebenzisa izinhlobo zamahlahla noma zomugqa wokutshala amajikijolo. Endleleni ehlathini, izitshalo zitshalwe emigodini engama-45 cm ngokujulile futhi ububanzi kude ne-1-1.3 m.Nendlela eseceleni, imisele imbozwe ukujula okungama-45 cm no-50 cm ububanzi, kusale amamitha ayi-2 phakathi kwamarowu.Imigqa kufanele ihlelwe ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kufanele futhi ufake izisekeli: i-blackberry ikhula ngokushesha, amahlumela akhula angcono ukubeka esakhiweni esisekelayo.
Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, uzungu lulungiselelwe kusuka ekwindla, ekwindla - emavikini ayi-2-3. Umhlaba wemba, wakhiqizwa, ukhula luyasuswa. Igqoke nge-humus (1.5 kg 1 m2), i-superphosphate (100 g), i-potassium sulfate (30 g) noma i-ash (100 g). Phambilini, izithombo zicwilisa ihora kwisisombululo ngeKornevin, esivusa ukwakheka kwezimpande.
Inqubo yokufika ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:
- Phansi komgodi, inhlabathi yezakhi iyathululelwa.
- I-sapling enezimpande ezisatshalaliswa kahle ibekwa. Izitshalo ezivela esitsheni zitshalwa ngenhlabathi.
Izimpande ezigoqeka kahle zidinga ukulungiswa kahle
- Fafaza i-seedling ukuze ihlumela lokukhula libe ngu-3 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi.
- Qiniseka ukuthi ushukumisa isitshalo ukuze ama-voids angakhi, anyathele inhlabathi.
- Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela amafushane abe ngu-35 cm.
- Kwakhiwa umgodi wokunisela oyindilinga bese kufakwa amalitha amahlanu amanzi lapho.
Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi yisithombo sinanyiswe kahle
- Ngemuva kokuthola umswakama, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngotshani, i-humus.
Izitshalo ezincane ekuqaleni zivikela elangeni eliqondile nge-agrofibre noma iphepha. Ngemuva kwesonto, umthunzi uyasuswa.
Ividiyo: ungatshala kanjani ijikijolo ngemizuzu emi-2
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obumnyama
Leli siko alithobeki, kudingeka kuphela ukuhambisa amanzi njalo, ukondla, ukususa ukhula kanye namahlumela ngokweqile.
Ukunisela nokukhulula
I-Blackberry ifuneka kokunisela, idinga amanzi amaningi ukukhulisa amahlumela futhi ithulule amajikijolo. Ukugcina izinga elidingekayo lomswakama wenhlabathi, isigaxa siyaniselwa kanye ngesonto ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi esihlahleni ngasinye. Izitshalo zidinga umswakama ngesikhathi sokukhula ngamandla nokwakhiwa kwezithelo. Ngokwesomiso ngokunisela okunganele, amajikijolo aba mancane, awele phansi. Ngo-Okthoba, ukulayisha okungamanzi kwe-landings (20 l / bush) kuyaphoqelelwa.
Ama-amajikijolo ikakhulukazi adinga umswakama ngenkathi kwakhiwa izithelo
Ukungena emanzini kuyingozi kulesi sitshalo: umswakama, uqina emhlabathini, ungadala ukukhula kwezifo nokubola, ukwakheka kwamahlumela amasha kuzodonswa kuze kube sekwindla, kanti nobusika obumnyama bukajikijolo buzoncipha.
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla kanye nasezisekelweni kumele idambulwe ikhululwe. Izitshalo zokhula zivimbela ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi zinciphise isivuno. Phakathi kwemigqa, ukukhulula kwenziwa ku-12 cm cm, eduze kwesihlahla - engxenyeni engaphezulu komhlaba, hhayi ngokujula kuka-8 cm, ukuze kungalimali izimpande. Indlela enjalo yezolimo ivumela hhayi kuphela ukwenza ngcono ukushintshana komoya kwenhlabathi futhi ilwe nokhula, kodwa futhi nokucekela phansi indawo yezinambuzane. Ngemuva kokunisela nokukhulula, umhlaba uhlanganiswe ngotshani, sawdust.
Umsoco
Umanyolo awudingi nje kuphela ukondla isitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba, kodwa futhi nokususa izifo nezinambuzane ezingenakugwenywa esimweni sezulu esibi. Emhlabathini olinywe kahle, okokuqala ngeminyaka emi-2 entwasahlobo, amajikijolo athelwa kuphela ngomanyolo we-nitrogen (10 g we-urea 5 l ). Emhlabathini ompofu, kunconyelwa ukufeza amaqabunga nge-Kemira Plus (20 g / 10 l).
Ukwakheka okulinganiselayo komanyolo kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukwenyuka kwesivuno okufika kuma-30%.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwezithelo, lesi sitshalo sidinga i-potassium (30 g ye-potassium sulfate / 10 l ngesilinganiso se-6 l yesisombululo nge-1 m2) Umanyolo wamaminerali ungathathelwa indawo ngomlotha (200 g / 1 m2) Ngaphansi kokumba ekwindla, i-superphosphate (35 g / 1 m2), i-nitrofosku (30 g / 1 m2), i-potassium sulfate (30 g / 1 m2).
I-Agricola - i-Vitamin eyinkimbinkimbi yezilimo ezi-berry
Izinto eziphilayo nazo zisetshenziswa minyaka yonke njengokugqoka okuphezulu: ngoJuni, izixazululo ezinamanzi ze-mullein (1: 10), izinkukhu ezisele (1: 20), i-humus isakazeke ngaphansi kwesihlahla ekwindla.
Ukubonakala kwezitshalo kungahlulelwa ngokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba. Amahlumela abuthakathaka, izithelo ezincane, ukuphuzi kwamahlamvu kukhombisa ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen, amaqabunga emithambo aphenduka aphuzi, amajikijolo omile - ukuntuleka kwensimbi, umphetho onsundu kumaqabunga amaqabunga - i-potassium ephansi, amaqabunga abomvu, maphakathi nenkathi yokuwa - ukuntuleka kwe-magnesium.
Ukubomvu kweqabunga le-Blackberry kuwuphawu lokuntuleka kwe-magnesium
Ukufakwa koxhaso
Imvamisa, amajikijolo atshalwe kwi-trellis - isihlahlana sezihlahla sikuvumela ukuthi uvikele ingxenye yesilimo ekuxhumaneni nomhlabathi, inikezela ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokuhlanza isihlahla, ngaphandle kokudala izimo zokukhula kwesikhunta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla ezibekwe ku-trellis zibukeka zihlobisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali - zakha ukhaphethi oqinile oluhlaza okotshwe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezinamakha.
I-Blackberry ku-trellis idala ukhaphethi oqinile ohlobisa uhlaka
Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla sika-Berry
Lapho kwakhiwa isihlahla se-berry, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amahlumela amajikijolo anomjikelezo weminyaka emibili wokukhula: ngonyaka wokuqala akhula, abeke amahlumela, athele izithelo futhi afe ngonyaka wesibili. Ngakho-ke, ekwindla, amagatsha ezithombo asikiwe, abuthakathaka futhi alimale ayasuswa. Kwakhiwa isihlahla esimnyama kusuka amahlumela angama-8-10 aqinile nanempilo. Imvamisa ukunamathela ekwakheni abalandeli. Entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokususa indawo yokukhosela, amagatsha aphakanyiselwa kwi-trellis endaweni eqondile, amahlumela amancane akhulayo abekwa ngokufana emhlabathini. Ekwindla, isiqu esimaphakathi esiphakeme siyasuswa, kushiya amahlumela angama-8-10 aqinile aqinile.
Ekwindla, amahlumela amajikijolo anqunywe ngaphansi kwempande
Amajikijolo anika ukukhula okuningi, okwenza isihlahla sikhule futhi sibe ngama prickly. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka lapho ihlumela le-zero likhula lifinyelela kumamitha ama-2 bese kuthi i-garter iye kwi-trellis, phezulu inqunywe. Kuze kube ekwindla, amagatsha aseceleni ayi-6-10 akhula, okuzothi ngonyaka olandelayo anikeze amabhulashi ama-3-5 amajikijolo ngalinye.
Abalimi abanolwazi balulekwe ukusika amahlumela akamuva ngama-3-5 efihlekile ekwindla noma ngemuva kobusika ukuthola amabhulashi ambalwa, kepha ngamajikijolo amakhulu.
Ukulungiselela ama-blackberry bush ebusika
Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa, iBlackberry Giant idinga ukufakelwa ubusika. Ngemuva kokuthena, ukunkcenkceshela ukulayisha amanzi kanye nokufakwa emanzini nge-humus, amagatsha agobeke ngendlela eyingqayizivele emhlabathini futhi ambozwe nge-agrofibre. Ngokungafani nama-roses namagilebhisi, lesi sitshalo asihlambi. Kungcono ukumboza okutshale okuncane kusuka phezulu ngamagatsha akhula ngesihlahla sonwele, futhi ebusika ukukhetha iqhwa ehlathini. Ngaphansi kwengubo enjalo, amajikijolo awesabi ngisho namaqabunga anamandla.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izihlahlana zeblackberry zimbozwa ngezinto ezingasokiwe, ebusika ziqhwa
Ividiyo: amajikijolo akhula
Ukuzala
Amajikijolo asakazwa ngembewu, izingqimba kanye nokusikwa.
- Ngokusakazeka kwembewu, izinhlamvu ezihlukile kufanele zigcinwe ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ihlanganiswa, bese ifakwa amahora amaningi kusisombululo se-Epin futhi ihlwanyelwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ezindaweni ezivulekileyo amahlumela atshalwe ngokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ama-4.
- Indlela elula kakhulu yokuzala inezendlalelo ze-apical. Ingaphezulu laleli cwecwe lingcwatshwe egungweni eliseduze kwesihlahla, ligxishwe ubakaki futhi liniselwe. Ingqimba ithala izimpande ngenyanga, kepha kufanele ihlukaniswe futhi itshalwe entwasahlobo yesizini ezayo.
Indlela elula yokusakaza amajikijolo - izingqimba ze-apical
- Lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa okuluhlaza phakathi nehlobo, amahlumela anqunywa abe izingcezu ubude obungu-10 cm futhi atshalwe ezitsheni ezincane ngengxube enhlabathini enempilo, eniselwa, embozwe ifilimu. I-greenhouse ihlala ingena umoya futhi inomswakama. Ngemuva kwenyanga, ukusika okunezimpande kudluliswa.
Ukusikwa kwe-Blackberry enezimpande kutshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
IBlackberry Giant imelana nokutheleleka okuningi kwezitshalo ezijwayelekile. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ehlobo elimanzi lapho ubungozi besifo buvela khona. Izindlela zokuvimbela izovimba ukubonakala kwezinambuzane.
Ithebula: Isifo Samagundane Amnyama
| Isifo | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Ukwelashwa |
| Ukubuka amabala okuyiphutha | Amabala ansundu-nsomi enza amahlumela, amahlumela aqothuleke, amaqabunga abune. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sokukhunta kunomthelela ekuqineni kwesihlahla nomswakama ophezulu. |
| Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, phatha ngengxube ye-2% Bordeaux. |
| Anthracnose | Amabala we-Necrotic avela emaqabungeni naseziqu, izithelo ziyancibilika. Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ezikhathini eziningi zemvula. Isifo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezitshalo okukhulu. | Susa amaqabunga awile. | Entwasahlobo, fafaza ngeNitrafen (300 g / 10 l). |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Ama-Mushroom spores asakazeka ngokushesha esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Izithelo ezikhulayo zefomu umbala ompunga amahlumela, izithelo ziqala ukubola. |
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Igalari Yezithombe: Izifo Ezajwayelekile ze-Blackberry
- Ukubuka amabala kwenhliziyo kuthinta amahlumela namahlumela, izithelo zikhula zincanyana futhi zinama-asidi
- Izimvula ezinde zifaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwe-anthracnose
- Lapho zithinteka ngokubola okungwevu, izithelo ziqala ukubola
Ithebula: Izilokazane ezinobungozi obukhulu
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukuvimbela | Izinyathelo |
| Adubule i-aphid | Lesi sinambuzane simunca amasudi wezitshalo, siwakhuphe, okuholela ekunciphiseni umkhiqizo. | Ama-aphid asakazwa endaweni yezintuthwane, ngenxa yalokho, okokuqala, ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngalezi zinambuzane yi-Anteater, eCypermetrin. |
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| Chafer | Izinambuzane zidla amaqabunga, izibungu zilimaza izimpande zezitshalo. | Nyakazisa izimbungulu, bamba usebenzisa izicupho zokukhanya. | Phatha inhlabathi nge-Anti-Crush entwasahlobo (10 ml / 5 L). |
| Umaki omnyama | Inkathazo, edla amajikijolo, ingenisa kuzo izinto ezivimbela ukuvuthwa. Izinga nokunambitheka kwezithelo kuyawohloka, futhi umkhiqizo uyancipha. | Ama-amajikijolo ahlanzekile, ukuchelela nokuthena okuvamile. |
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Igalari yezithombe: Izinambuzane ezisongela ama-amajikijolo
- Ukudubula i-aphid, ukulungisa isigaxa, kususa izitshalo
- I-Blackberry mite iholela ekulahlekelweni kwama-50% wesitshalo
- I-Chafer beetle idala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni
Ukubuyekezwa
Nginomdondoshiya, futhi mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke sengilima futhi ngakhela amagilavu wesikhumba. Kepha konke kukhokha ngosayizi wamajikijolo, ukukhiqizwa kwawo nokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa.
YURI CHERNOV//7dach.ru/sashka1955/ezhevika-gigant-silno-kolyuchaya-ili-net-100097.html
Ngithanda izinhlobo ezimbili: uRuben noGiant.Sasivame ukuba nezinhlobo eziningi ezweni, babehlala betshala futhi bezama izinhlobo ezintsha. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, umndeni ubathande laba ababili. Kwakukhona ukulungisa, futhi kwakunyathelwa phansi, ngakho entwasahlobo baphinde bayithenga futhi bayitshala. Lapho sithenga, satshelwa ukuthi kuphi futhi kuphi emhlabeni. Ngijabulile ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zimelana neqhwa, ngeke zilahleke ebusika.
Ivan//www.12sotok.spb.ru/forum/thread9924.html
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-amajikijolo, izinhlobonhlobo zeGiant ziyabonakala. Amajikijolo amakhulu anomnandi we-dessert azothokozisa ngekhwalithi yawo nobungako. Enye inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi efanelekile kubalimi baseRussia, yikhono lalesi sitrobheli ukubekezelela ubusika besithwathwa kabuhlungu.
