I-Yaroslavna - izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu zamakhherubi

I-Yaroslavna iyinhlobonhlobo ethandwayo ye-cherry ethandwa kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia ne-Ukraine. Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-cherries, umlimi udinga ukwazi izici zezinhlobonhlobo, amandla nobuthakathaka bawo, kanye nobunzima bokutshala nokunakekela.

Izinhlobonhlobo cherries Yaroslavna

Izinhlobo ezimnandi ze-Cherry Yaroslavna zakhethwa ezitshalweni zeDrogany eziphuzi ezitshalwe endaweni yezinhlobo zeMelitopol futhi zithuthelwa impova yizo. Izinhlobonhlobo zabhalwa kuRejista Yombuso yesiFunda saseNyakatho yeCaucasus ngonyaka we-1997. Lesi sihlahla siphakathi nendawo (njengoba kuchazwe yi-All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding - Tall), enomqhele oyindilinga ophakathi nendawo.

Umqhele kaCrohn uYaroslavna - oyindilinga, ophakathi nendawo

Isikhathi sokuvula kusenesikhathi (ngokusho kwe-VNIISPK - phakathi ekuqaleni). Imvamisa amajikijolo avuthwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kwezinhlobonhlobo zeValery Chkalov. I-Yaroslavna blooms ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe. Izinhlobonhlobo azizakhi, ngakho-ke ama-pollinators ayadingeka. Okuhle kakhulu yilezi:

• UValery Chkalov;
• EValeria;
• UDonchanka;
• Ubuhle beDonetsk.

Ngandlela thile kubi, kepha kwamukelekile:

• Aelita;
• Drogana ophuzi;
• Amalahle eDonetsk;
• IMelitopol kusenesikhathi;
• Izimilo

Isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni engama-4-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukukhiqiza kuphezulu; eneminyaka eyi-10, kuya ku-100 kg amajikijolo kuvunwa esihlahleni esisodwa.

Izinkuni nezimbali ziyakhulisa ukuqina kobusika. Lesi sihlahla asivumelani nesomiso, sinokungavikeleki okuphezulu kwe-coccomycosis kanye naphakathi kwezinye izifo zesikhunta.

Amajikijolo angama-round-ovoid ngombala obomvu omnyama. Isisindo esijwayelekile yi-6.7 g (ngokusho kwe-VNIISPK - 7-8 g, futhi eminye imithombo ibika amajikijolo weYaroslavna anesisindo esifinyelela ku-12 g). I-pulp inoshukela, imnandi, iphakathi nendawo. Ukunambitheka kumnandi, dessert. Isilinganiso samakhosi ngamaphuzu ayi-4,5 kwezingu-5. Izinhlobonhlobo zingeqembu le-semi-bigroro, elihlinzeka ngokumelana okuhle kokuqhekeka kwamajikijolo nokuthwala okuphezulu. Inhloso yezithelo yonke.

Wonke ama-cherries ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: i-bigarro ne-gini. Ezokuqala zine-pulp eminyene, yokhrisimu, amajikijolo agcina ukuma kwawo futhi awathambisi ekuhlanganiseni. Eyesibili inenyama ebabayo nenomusa, impilo yeshelufu emfushane, ukuthwala kalula. Azilungele ukucutshungulwa.

Amajikijolo e-Yaroslavna e-Cheric anejamo eliyisiyingi le-ovoid

Izinzuzo kanye nokubi

Izinzuzo eziphambili zezinhlobonhlobo:

• ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
• ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokujwayelekile;
• hardness yasebusika;
• ukubekezelela isomiso;
• ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi;
• ukunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo;
• Universal universal ukusetshenziswa;
• ukuthutha okuhle;
• ukumelana nokuqhekeka;
• ukumelana ne-coccomycosis.

Okubi kuncane kakhulu:

• ukuzala;
• ukuntuleka kokugonywa kwezifo zokukhunta;
• ukukhula kwesihlahla esiphakeme lapho kungekho khona ukwakheka.

Ukutshala ama-cherries

Inqubo yokutshala i-cherry e-Yaroslavna ingaphansi kwemithetho ejwayelekile yezihlahla zalesi sitshalo.

Imiyalo emfushane ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:

1. Ukuzikhethela kwendawo. Kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:
   • Ukukhanya okuhle (penumbra kancane kuvunyelwe).
   • Ukuvikelwa yimimoya ebandayo nezinhlaka.
   • Izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba - alikho ngaphezulu kuka-3 m.
   • Akukho ukushuba komswakama.
   • Inhlabathi iyisidwaba, isihlabathi esikhulu, isihlabathi.
   • I-acidity yenhlabathi isondele kokungathathi hlangothi.
2. Iphethini yokufakelwa - 3,5- m phakathi kwezintambo nezikhathi ezi-3-3,5 m zilandelana.
3. Izinsuku ezifakwayo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungatshala isitshalo ekwindla (ngo-Okthoba - maphakathi no-Novemba), nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kwamahlamvu. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kungcono.
4. Ukulungiswa komgodi kwenziwa amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma ihlelelwe intwasahlobo, khona-ke kungcono ukulungiselela umgodi ekwindla. Kwenze kanjena:
   1. Bamba umgodi obukhulu obungama-80 cm ububanzi obungu-80-100 cm.
   2. Ungqimba lwetshe elichotshoziwe (ubumba olwandisiwe, izitini eziphukile, njll.) Lubekwa phansi phansi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kudonswa amanzi.
      

      Ingqimba yokudonsa ibekwe ngaphansi komgodi wokufika.
   3. Umgodi ugcwala emaphethelweni ngenhlabathi yezakhi. Ungasebenzisa umhlaba omnyama, umanyolo (i-humus, umquba), i-peat nesihlabathi ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo.
5. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesithombo zifakwe emanzini amahora amaningi.
6. Maphakathi nomgodi, bambe umgodi osayizi omkhulu kangangokuba izimpande zesithombo zingene kuwo, futhi bakhe indunduma encane.
7. Isithombo sehliselwa emgodini, sisabalalisa izimpande eceleni kwethambeka lendunduma.
8. Zigcwalisa umgodi ngenhlabathi, ziwugqibe ngezingqimba. Kulokhu, intamo yezimpande akufanele ingcwatshwe - kungcono ukuyibeka ngo-3-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
   

   Umsuka wempande yesithombo akufanele ungcwatshwe lapho utshala

9. Eduze kwesihlahla kwakha isiyingi sesiqu.
10. Isithombo siyathelwa kaninginingi izikhathi kuze kube yilapho amanzi egxile ngokuphelele (lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqina kwenhlabathi ezimpandeni).
11. Inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka komswakama, ivikele ukwakheka kokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi futhi inikeze ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni.
    

    Ngemuva kokuchelela, kungakuhle ukuchelela inhlabathi

12. Isithombo sisikwa size sibe ngu-0.85-0.9 m, futhi wonke amagatsha (uma ekhona) ancishiswa ngo-50%.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

I-Cherry Yaroslavna emnandi ayisizakali ngokuphelele ngokuhamba. Njenganoma yisiphi isihlahla, idinga ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu nokuthena. Ngokuvamile, yonke le micimbi ayinazo izici zokuhlukahluka, ngakho-ke ngeke sigxile kuzo. Ngemininingwane eminingi sizothinta ukutshala. Njengoba umuthi wezinhlobonhlobo unamandla amakhulu okukhula, ifomu elifanelekile lomqhele lincane. Imithetho yalokhu kwakhiwa:

1. Isinyathelo sokuqala sathathwa ngesikhathi sokufika - umqhubi osenkabeni walungiswa.
2. Entwasahlobo yokuqala yonyaka olandelayo ngemuva kokutshala, kwakhiwa ihlosi lokuqala lesihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
   1. Esiqwini, khetha amahlumela amahle ayi-2 (azoba amagatsha wamathambo) ahlangabezana nale mibandela elandelayo:
      • Umshini ongaphansi utholakala ebangeni elingama-30-40 cm ukusuka emhlabathini.
      • Amahlumela akhula ngezindlela ezihlukile.
      • Ibanga phakathi kwabo lingu-10-15 cm.
   2. Wonke ama-buds ngaphansi kwe-shoot yokuqala ekhethiwe angaboni.
   3. Amagatsha, ngaphezu kwalawo akhethwe njengethambo, asikwa "abe yindandatho".
   4. Amahlumela angakwesobunxele ancishiswa ngama-30-40%.
   5. Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa ekuphakameni okuyi-10-15 cm ngaphezu kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu.
3. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1-2 (futhi nasentwasahlobo yokuqala), ihlathi lesibili lamagatsha wamathambo lakhiwa ngendlela efanayo.
4. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka eyi-1-2, kukhiwa ihlathi lesithathu - imvamisa liqukethe igatsha elilodwa.
5. Umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi unqunywa ngaphezulu kwesisekelo segatsha elingaphezulu.
   

   UCherry Yaroslavna usikwa ukuze kutholakale umqhele we-sparse-tier crown

Yonke eminye imiqingo (yokuhlanzeka, ukuncipha, ukuvuselelwa) yenziwa ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile.

Ividiyo: indlela yokunakekela ama-cherries

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

Lokhu akusho ukuthi iYaroslavna imvamisa ihlushwa yizifo kanye nokuhlasela kwezilokazane. Uma umlimi enolwazi, khona-ke ngokushesha futhi wenza izindlela ezilula zokuvimbela ezinciphisa ukubukeka kwalezi zinkinga.

Ithebula: izindlela zokuvimbela izifo nezifo zezilokazane

Izinkinga ezisongela Cherry Yaroslavna emnandi

Uma ngasizathu simbe ukuvimbela akwenziwa noma kunganikanga imiphumela efunwayo, khona-ke ezinye izifo zesikhunta nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane akubandakanywa:

• I-Moniliosis. Entwasahlobo, ukugula kungabonakala ngezimpawu zobuntu - amaqabunga athintekile, izimbali kanye namahlumela kubukeka sengathi kufakwe umlilo. Ngemuva kokuthola lezo zimpawu, amahlumela anesifo kufanele asikwe, ngenkathi athumba ingxenye enempilo eyi-10-20 cm ubude. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ama-cherries afafazwa ngama-fungicides (Horus, Abiga-Peak, Skor).
  

  Ehlobo, i-moniliosis ithinta amajikijolo ama-cherries nama-cherries, ambozwe ngezindawo ze-grey bola

• I-Kleasterosporiosis (indawo ebonakalayo). Kukhiwa izimbobo ezincane ezinomhlanga obomvu onsomi emafulethini amaqabunga. Uma lingalashwa, amaqabunga angoma aqine ukuwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, imifantu, kanye nokuphonswa kwegamu. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukususa amaqabunga athintekile nokwelapha nge-fungicides.
  

  Isibonakaliso sokutheleleka nge-kleasterosporiosis ukwakheka kwamaqabunga ezimbobo obukhulu obungu-5-7 mm

• UCherry fly. Izinhlobo zokuqala zamakhherubi mancane kakhulu amathuba okutheleleka ngezibungu ze-cherry fly, ngoba zivame ukukhipha amaqanda ngemuva kokuvunwa. Inkinga ingavinjelwa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuvimbela. Izindlela zokwelapha ezi-2-3 (eyodwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ezinye ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngesikhashana esingamaviki ayi-1-1,5) ngama-insecticides anciphisa kakhulu ingozi yomonakalo. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu i-Decis, Fitoverm, Spark.
  

  Izibungu ze-cherry fly feed kumajikijolo e-cherry

• Cherry Weevil. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, mabhungane aqala ukudla amaqabunga amancane, ama-buds, amahlumela. Ngemuva kokuzalela, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo ngamahlumela, lapho zisuke zisikiwe. Ekuseni ekushiseni komoya okungu-5-7^mayelanaC imichilo ihlala emagatsheni edangeni. Ungasakaza ifilimu ngaphansi kwe-cherry bese uyihlikihla emagatsheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izihlahla ziyafafazwa ngama-insecticides.
  

  Izibungu ze-Cherry weevil zidla inyama yamajikijolo kanye nama kernel kernel

Ukubuyekezwa

Ezimweni zesifunda saseKharkov (enobusika obuhle bamakhandlela amnandi), yiYaroslavna ebonakala ngesithelo esitebeleni sezithelo ezibomvu ezivuthiwe zokuqala. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi abaphembeleli bakhe abahle kukhona iDonchanka, iDonetsk Beauty, uValery Chkalov neValeria - izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ezivandeni zase-Ukraine. Ukuqina kobusika - ezingeni lama-drogans aphuzi, ukumelana okuphezulu kokuqhekeka kwezithelo. Abalimi abajwayelekile be-amateur badukiswa isikhathi sokuvuthwa - maphakathi ekuqaleni (futhi iningi lifuna kusenesikhathi!).

MAR, Kharkov

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Lo nyaka, waqala ukuvuthwa ngoJuni 6-7, ngaphambili kunangaphambili. Ama-berry aphelele futhi amnandi kakhulu. Ukuqhathanisa, uV. Chkalov uqhekeke ngokuphelele, yize avuthwa ngesonto ngaphambili.

* iya *, Kiev

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Ezinhlotsheni eziyi-10 esengivele ngithela izithelo, iYaroslavna ihamba phambili ngokweqoqo lezimpawu. Izithelo ziyefana kakhulu ne-V. Chkalov, kepha tastier. Ukhule ngisho nezibongo. Kugonywe kumakhherubi agqoke kakhulu amaVladimir eminyakeni engu-2 eyedlule. Ngokukhula okungamamitha ayi-1,5, isivuno safinyelela kumakhilogremu ayi-2,5. Lapho izinyoni ziqala ukukhonkoloza, wasimboza ngeveli lika-tulle. Kwasiza. Abazange banikeze ukuvuthwa, kudliwe.

ivanlevin, esifundeni saseBelgorod

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Ngiyithanda kakhulu i-Yaroslavna, uhlobo oluyamelana kakhulu nokuqhekeka, i-coccomycosis nokubola kwezithelo, nobusika obunzima kakhulu. ukumelana nokushisa nokushisa isomiso. Kungahle kube kuncane, kepha ukunambitheka, lapho sekuvuthiwe ngokuphelele, kulungile.

ushukela omnandi, IDonetsk

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Uhlu lwe-voluminous lwezinzuzo zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Cherry Yaroslavna ehlukahlukene luyenza ikhange ngokukhula emizini yangasese. Kuzoba mnandi futhi kubalimi ngenxa yokuhanjiswa kahle kwamajikijolo, ikhwalithi enhle yemikhiqizo ekheniwe, ukuzithoba kwesihlahla.