UCherry Tyutchevka - ummeleli wezinhlobonhlobo athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile ebangeni eliphakathi. Ubekezelela kalula ama-froz futhi empeleni akaguli. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ngemikhiqizo eminingi yamajikijolo amnandi, acishe abe muhle njengabalingani bawo baseningizimu.
Incazelo yam Cherry Tyutchevka
ITyutchevka yatholakala ngokuwela izinhlayiya ezi-sweet cherry ezi-3-36 neRed Dense e-All-Russian Research Institute yeLupine (Bryansk). Kulesi sikhungo kunomnyango okhula ngezithelo obhekene nokukhethwa kwezihlahla zama-berry nezihlahla zezithelo. Lapho ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule kwavela ama-cherries ahlukahlukene ngenxa yomsebenzi womfuyi wezitshalo uM.V. Kanshina. Ngo-2001, iTyutchevka yabhaliswa Kwirejista Yezwe Yombuso WaseRussia futhi yanconyelwa ukulinyelwa esifundeni Esiphakathi.
Izici zezitshalo
Ama-Cherry ezinhlobonhlobo zeTyutchevka akhula ngesimo sesihlahla esiphakathi nendawo nesinomqhele ongajwayelekile oyindilinga. Amahlumela awugqinsi, aqinile, ansundu ngombala. Amaqabunga kuzo yi-oval, enkulu, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence, etholakala kuma-petioles amafushane. Izithelo zokuqala zivela ngonyaka we-5 ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla, izilimo ezigcwele ngokugcwele ziyabhekwa lapho zineminyaka eyishumi nangemva kwalokho. Isithelo esikhulu sisegatsheni sezimbali. Ama-inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezine ezinezinti ezinde nezinsimbi. Le cherry iqhakaza kungakabi maphakathi no-Meyi, kanti izithelo ziyavuthwa sekwephuzile: ekugcineni kukaJulayi noma ngo-Agasti.
Izinhlobonhlobo cishe ziyazicwala: ngaphandle kwama-pollinators, isivuno asinakwa. Ama-Pollinators angaba noma yiziphi izihlahla ze-cherry eziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu kulokhu yi-Ovstuzhenka, Raditsa, Iput, Bryanskaya pink. Ezilinyini zezimboni, isivuno esiphakathi cishe singama-100 kg / ha, isilinganiso esiphezulu esirekhodiwe singama-275 kg / ha. Emizini yangasese, cishe amabhakede ama-2 aqoqwa esihlahleni, okuphezulu okuchaziwe kungama-40 kg.
I-fruiting ejwayelekile, ngokusho kwabalimi, kufanele ihlale iminyaka engama-20, okuyinto, ngezizathu ezisobala, engakaqinisekiswa.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinobusika obunzima, zibekezelela kalula iqhwa kuze kufike ku-25 mayelanaC, ebusika obunzima kakhulu emzileni ophakathi nendawo (at-35 mayelanaC) eqandisiwe aze afike ku-20% wezinso. Buyisela iqhwa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngokushisa okunciphile ukuya ku-5 mayelanaCishe ama-70% wezimbali abulawa nawo. Ukubekezelelwa kobuhlungu kuhlolwa njengokuphezulu, kepha ezifweni ezinjenge cococycosis ne-kleasterosporiosis - isilinganiso kuphela.
Izithelo Incazelo
Ama-Cherry Tyutchevka ahlukaniswa ngezithelo ezinhle eziphakeme kunesilinganiso esiphakathi (cishe ubukhulu obungama-23 mm, isisindo esingu-5-7 g), obukhulu obuzungezwe bume, umbala wabo ubomvu mnyama ngamachashazi. I-pulp iminyene, inomzimba, ibomvu, ijusi le-cherry ipendiwe ngombala obomvu okhanyayo. Izithelo zikukhula obukhulu obuphakathi. Ithambo lilinganiswe ngamaphakathi, i-oval, ayihlukanisi kahle kusuka uginindela wesibeletho. Izithelo ezivela ku-peduncle ziphuma kalula, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ujusi.
Izithelo zaseTyutchevka zikhulu, zinhle, zivuthwa ngokuthula impela
Izithelo zimnandi (ushukela okuqukethwe cishe u-11%, i-acidity engu-0.4%), iphunga elimnandi, nokunambitha amaphuzu angama-4.9 ngamaphuzu ayi-5. Kuthuthwa kalula amabanga amade, zenani labalimi abathengisa ama-cherries amnandi. Ukuze kube nokuhanjiswa okuhle, izithelo kufanele zisuswe kanye neziqu. Ezikhathini zemvula ikakhulukazi, bathambekele ekuqhekekeni.
Inhloso yesitshalo ikuyo yonke indawo. Izithelo zisetshenziswa okusha, okuninginisiwe kufriziwe, kuvunyelwe ukucutshungulwa: ujamu, ama-compotes nabanye bavunwa.
Izinzuzo kanye nokubi kwezinhlobonhlobo
ITyutchevka iyinhlobonhlobo encane, yize kunjalo, iminyaka engu-17 isivele ikwazile ukukhombisa zonke izimfanelo zayo ezinhle nokuthola amaphutha athile. Njengoba izinzuzo eziphambili zezinhlobonhlobo, abalimi bayazi:
- isivuno esikhulu esizinzileyo;
- isethulo esimangazayo nokunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo;
- ukuhamba kwezitshalo okuhle;
- ukungathobeki kwezimo ezikhulayo;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme nokumelana nezifo.
Phakathi kokubi okukhona wukuqhekeka kwezithelo umswakama ophezulu kanye nesidingo sabavimbi.
Ukutshala ama-cherries izinhlobo zeTyutchevka
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bama-cherries ezinhlobonhlobo zeTyutchevka abufani neze nolwezinye izinhlobo ezihloselwe ukulinyelwa esimweni sezulu esibandayo somugqa ophakathi. Lokhu kuyasebenza ekutshaleni isihlahla kabili nasekuyinakekeleni.
Isikhathi sokufika
Izinhlobonhlobo iTyutchevka yenzelwe isifunda esiphakathi nendawo, lapho zizama ukutshala noma yisiphi isithelo samatshe entwasahlobo: ukutshala ekwindla kugcwala ukuqandusela kwezithombo okungazange kumile ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande ezivaliwe zingatshalwa ekwindla, kepha entwasahlobo sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo kungcono kakhulu kuzo.
Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kweTyutchevka esimweni sezithombo ezinezimpande ezingenalutho kungenziwa ngesikhathi esinqunyelwe kakhulu. Inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi kufanele isivele incibilikise ngokuphelele, futhi ama-buds ku-yisithombo akufanele aqhakaze, angakwazi ukugcwala kuphela. Ukusongela kwesithwathwa esibi ngesikhathi sokufika kufanele kudlule. Imvamisa, lesi simo kulayini ophakathi sikhula ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli noma maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukukhetha isiza
Yize izinhlobonhlobo zeTyutchevka zingahambisani nesithwathwa, ehlobo, ukuthola ezithela ezimajikijolo amajikijolo amnandi, umuthi kufanele ukhanyiswe kahle yilanga futhi uvikeleke emimoyeni yokubhoboza, ikakhulukazi ukusuka enyakatho. Yebo, uma kukhona indawo ethambile yaseningizimu. Njengesivikelo emimoyeni, uthango oluphezulu, izindonga zezindlu ngisho nezinye izihlahla zezithelo "zisebenza" kahle.
Ama-Cherry asemgqeni ophakathi akhethwa ukuthi atshalwe eduzane nasezigcawini, awavikele emimoyeni.
Umhlabathi omuhle kakhulu onesihlabathi esinamandla okuphefumula noma ophethe ngokungathathi hlangothi kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba, ngaphandle kwesimo futhi asigcwele amanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi sokutshala ama-cherry indunduma encane yakhiwa ngokukhethekile, ethela inhlabathi evundile. Uma kunesikhathi, futhi ngisho nangokwengeziwe uma isiza sigcwele ukhula lwaphakade, sibhalwa kwangaphambili ngenani elincane le-humus (isigamu sebhakede nge-1 m2), ukukhetha ngokucophelela ama-rhizomes okhula.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Kunzima kakhulu ukumba izimbobo entwasahlobo, ngakho-ke udinga ukwenza lokhu kusukela ekwindla, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ubukhulu bomgodi we-cherry buyi-80-90 cm ubude nobubanzi, 50-60 cm ngokujula. Kwanele namasentimitha angama-50, kepha uma inhlabathi isindayo, bambe ujule, ubeke u-10 cm cm wamatshe noma izitini ezaphukile ezansi njengodaka lwamanzi. Ukulungiswa komgodi wokufika kweTyutchevka akuyona into eyinqaba: ungqimba olungaphansi luyaphonswa kude, futhi ungqimba olungaphezulu luhlanganiswe nomanyolo bese lubuyela emgodini.
Umanyolo ngesikhathi sokutshala kukhona amabhakede ama-2 we-humus ne-pair elincane lezinkuni zomlotha. Kumhlabathi ompofu, ungangeza ngokushesha i-100 g ye-superphosphate, ezinye izicubu zamaminerali zizodingeka emuva kwesikhathi xaxa kumanyolo. Esimweni senhlabathi ene-acid ethe chithi saka, kufanele kufakwe ikhiyana noma iklamu ethambile. Lapho utshala izihlahla eziningana phakathi kwazo shiya ibanga okungenani lamamitha amane.
Engadini enkulu, ama-cherries atshalwa ngemigqa, lapho kusele amamitha angama-3-4 phakathi kwezihlahla
Inqubo yokufakelwa
Kungcono ukuthatha isihlahla esineminyaka emibili njengesihlwanyelo: izingane ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala ziba nezimpande ngandlela thile, futhi kusuka kwisebe elinonyaka owodwa kuzothatha unyaka isikhathi eside ukuvuna. Kubalulekile ukuthi amagxolo namagatsha wonke aphile, nezimpande zithuthukiswe futhi ziguquguquke. Indlela yokutshala ama-cherries iTyutchevka iyefana neyezihlahla eziningi zezithelo.
- Uma kunomonakalo ezimpandeni zesithombo, asikwa endaweni enempilo, okuyothi emva kwalokho izimpande emanzini zifakwe emanzini okungenani amahora ambalwa, futhi mhlawumbe ngosuku. Masinyane ngaphambi kokungena emgodini wokutshala, izimpande zigxishwe ku-mash, zenziwe ngamanani alinganayo obumba ne-mullein namanzi anele okuvumelana kokhilimu omuncu.
Ukudotshwa kwe-Clay ezimpandeni kusheshisa ukuphulukiswa kwezithombo
- Sebekhiphe izimbobo nenani lomhlabathi elidingekayo, bakha indunduma kuwo, eduze kwalapho kufakwa khona isigxobo esiqinile sokuphakama okwenele (okungenani ama-80 cm ngaphezu komhlaba).
Isigxobo siyakhethwa ukuze sifinyelele egatsheni lokuqala le-yisithombo
- Bafake isigaxa esidulini, bakhetha ukuphakama ukuze intamo yayo yezimpande ingamasentimitha ambalwa ngaphezu kwenhlabathi (ngokuzayo kufanele ibukeke emhlabathini). Ukusabalalisa izimpande, kancane kancane uzigcwalise ngenhlabathi, uyihlanganise ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kuya ngesikhundla sentamo yezimpande, ukuthi ngabe umuthi uzothatha izimpande futhi uthele izithelo ngokujwayelekile
- Bopha umthwalo we-seedling esigxotsheni ngo "ayisishiyagalombili" usebenzisa intambo ethambile noma umucu we-polyethylene obukhulu. Gcoba kancane amabhakede wamanzi ngaphansi kwesithombo.
- Uma kunesidingo, engeza inhlabathi, faka ama-rolling emaphethelweni womgodi wokunisela okwalandela, nisela izithombo kancane bese ufaka umhlabathi ngenhlabathi, i-humus noma i-sawdust enengqimba ka-2-3 cm.
Amanzi kwesinye isikhathi athululelwa ebhakedeni, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa ukuthambisa ukuze umswakama ungaphezulu
- Sika i-seedling ukuze ingxenye engenhla ihlangane nekhono lezimpande ukuyondla: ukuphakama kwengane eneminyaka emibili ngemuva kokutshala akufanele kudlule i-1 m, ubude bamagatsha aseceleni buyi-50 cm.
Emavikini ambalwa okuqala emva kokutshala, isiphuzo siniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile: kwisimo sezulu esomile, futhi mhlawumbe nsuku zonke. Inhlabathi ekwindilinga eseduze-stem kumele ibe yomswakama njalo. I-mulch enhle inganciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yokunisela.
Ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla
Lapho isithombo siba nezimpande, sidinga ukuthambisa kancane. Ukuqina kokunisela kuya ngesimo sezulu, kepha awukwazi ukomisa inhlabathi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamahlumela amasha, futhi ngesikhathi sokulayishwa kwamajikijolo. Ukulungiselela ubusika ebusika kuyadingeka futhi. Kungadingwa kuze kube ngamabhakede wamanzi ayi-10 esihlahleni esidala, kepha futhi akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesilimo. UCherry Tyutchevka uhlushwa umswakama ngokweqile, aphendule ngokuqhekeka okungalawulwa kwesithelo, okuholela ekudonselweni phansi ngamandla kwezithelo. Ngakho-ke, uma izimvula ezinamandla ziqala amasonto ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, umbuthano wesiqu kufanele umbozwe ngentambo yepulasitiki.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Kanye njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2-3, ama-cherries anikezwa umquba noma amaconsi enkukhu. Kungcono ukunikeza udoti ngohlobo oluhlanjululwe (1), umquba womile owomile ungcwatshwa ngokungenamkhawulo eceleni komqhele. Amabhakede anele omquba, futhi, ngokwesigamu sebhakede, kufanele abalethe ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Njalo ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo banikeza ukugqoka kwe-nitrogen ephezulu ngomanyolo wamaminerali. I-Urea isetshenziswa kangcono (25-30 g nge-1m2 umbuthano wesiqu). Uma i-urea ihlakazeka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ethanjelwe, izongena endaweni yezimpande lapho incibilika. Uma kwenzeka isicelo sakamuva, i-hoe kufanele ivalwe ngomanyolo ongashisi. Ngo-Agasti, iklabishi elimnandi londliwa ngendlela efanayo ne-potassium sulfate (kumthamo ofanayo) kanye ne-superphosphate (ephindwe kabili kunalokho). Ngezikhathi ezithile, umbuthano osondelene nesiqu ufafazwa ngesendlalelo esincane somlotha wezinkuni. Ukhula oluzungeze isihlahla lubhujiswa ngokuhlelekile kukho konke impilo yalo.
Urea (urea) - munye womanyolo ophephile kakhulu wamaminerali
Uma umuthi usikwe kahle lapho utshala, bekungeke kuthathe isikhathi eside ukusondela kuwo nge-pruner. Ama-Cherry akhula ezimweni ezinolaka ngokuvamile azama ukungawunaki ngokungadingekile. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, amagatsha aphukile futhi omisiwe kuphela anqunywa, amboze ngokucophelela amanxeba nge-var var yengadi. I-Tyutchevka ayithambekele ekuqineni, ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa okukhanyayo akuvamile ukwenziwa. Kepha ukukhula okuncane ezihlahleni zabantu abadala ngemuva kokuvunwa kufinyezwa kancane ngonyaka.
Ama-Shelter ebusika adinga kuphela izihlahla ezincane eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3. Ngemuva kokunisela okuningi kobusika, umbuthano wesiqu uvalwe ngesendlalelo se-sawdust noma se-peat chips, kanti namagatsha e-spruce ahlanganiswe abekwa ngaphezulu. Njengoba iqhutshwe ngenani elidingekayo lezikhonkwane, umuthi uqobo, kanye nomqhele, ugoqwe ubusika ngezinto ezingasokiwe noma izinto zophahla. Njengoba iqhwa libonakala, baliphonsa embuthanweni osondelene, bakha isithwathwa seqhwa.
Ama-saplings amancane ebusika aphenduka abe uhlobo lwekhokhonathi, kodwa ngisho nendawo yokukhosela yokuphefumula kumele isuswe ngemuva kwesikhathi sasebusika
Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, akufanele uphuze ukukhipha indawo yokukhosela ukuze isihlahla singakhali!
Izihlahla zabantu abadala iTyutchevka ziyabekezelela kalula ubusika obujwayelekile, futhi uma amathiphu wegatsha ebanda kancane, asheshe alulame. Endabeni yokuqandisa okukhulu, okuqabukela kakhulu, izingcezu ezifile entwasahlobo kufanele zinqunywe.
Ividiyo: ukutshalwa kwama-cherries kulayini ophakathi nendawo
Izifo Nezinambuzane
ITyutchevka iyagula kakhulu, futhi ngobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo ayifinyeleli amalungiselelo aqatha. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela zanele: ukubheka nokushisa amaqabunga ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, hlanza amagxolo aqabulayo bese umba leyo ndawo. Abalimi abaningi musa ukungakunaki ukufafazwa kwezihlahla kokulungiselela okuqukethe zethusi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kaningi basebenzisa u-1% Bordeaux uketshezi.
Phakathi kwezifo zika-cherry omnandi, okufanele unake zona, uma kwenzeka iTyutchevka kuphela i-coccomycosis ne-kleasterosporiosis. I-Coccomycosis isifo esiyingozi sokukhunta. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, amabala ansundu aze afike ku-2 mm ngosayizi wamaqabunga esihlahla esinegciwane, kuthi ngemuva kwenyanga ngaphandle kokwelashwa ahlangane ezindaweni ezinkudlwana eziqhubekayo. Kuvela amapads angcolile ngaphansi kwengxenye yeqabunga - amakoloni fungal. Amahlamvu awela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
I-coccomycosis ayikwazi ukungabukelwa phansi: amabala emacembe agcina ebabhubhisa, futhi isihlahla siba buthaka kakhulu
Lesi sifo sivame ukusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zesitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi umuthi uqeda amandla futhi ungafa. I-Coccomycosis iphathwa kuqala (entwasahlobo) ngengxube efanayo yeBordeaux, kodwa nge-3%, futhi uma ingasizi, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile zisetshenziswa kamuva: Horus, Skor, njll isizini yonke.
I-Kleasterosporiosis (hole blotch) nayo inesimo sokukhunta, iqala ngokufana ne-coccomycosis, kepha ngemuva kwalokho izimbobo zakha endaweni yamabala. Izindlela zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa ziyefana ne-coccomycosis.
Nge-kleasterosporiosis, amaqabunga adutshulwa, futhi konke kuphetha kabi
Cishe azikho izinambuzane kuma-Cherry aseTyutchevka, ngaphandle kwalesi sibalo se-fly fly. Izithelo “ezinomhlonyane” ziwumphumela womsebenzi wazo, futhi “izibungu” ziyimibungu yempukane. Imisebenzi yezolimo ejwayelekile inciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuvela kwayo. Futhi bazama ukulwa nempukane ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, bayibambe ngamabheyili: ama-kvass noma ama-compote ezitsheni ezilengayo. Uma impukane inyuka kakhulu, kufanele usebenzise izinambuzane: ngezinhlobo zakudala zamakheli, ezibandakanya iTyutchevka, ukufafaza kungenzeka ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
Impukane muhle impela, kepha iminonjana yokusebenza kwayo ayimjabulisi neze umlimi
Uhlu lwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo lubanzi, kepha abalimi bazama ukusebenzisa okwakamuva kakhulu, futhi eziningi zazo ziyingozi kubantu. Ngakho-ke, ukunamathela ngokuqinile emiyalweni lapho usebenza, ngokwesibonelo, nge-Actellik noma i-Confidor kuyimpoqo.
Ungavakashela iTyutchevka kanye nama-aphid ama-cherry. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-aphid zijwayele abalimi. Lona omnyama, aze afike ku-3 mm ngosayizi, amunca ama-juices kusuka amahlumela amasha namaqabunga. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo. Njengamanye ama-aphid, azama ukukulwa ngezindlela zabantu (imidwebo ye-elderberry, umhlonyane, ugalikhi, njll.), Kepha uma behlasela ngobuningi basebenzisa izinambuzane ezifanayo ngokungqubuzana ne-cherry fly.
Njenganoma iyiphi i-aphid, i-cherry ihlala kuwo wonke amakoloni
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Kulo nyaka, iTyutchevka ibambe kahle kahle, futhi yaqhakaza futhi yaboshwa. Ukuqandeka kwaba kanye, kepha lapho-ke ngabamba yonke imithi, ngakha amagatsha amakhulu. Welulama ngokushesha.
Olunye
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Umsebenzi omningi ngama-cherries wenziwe eminyakeni yamuva nguM.V. Kanshina no-A.A. Astakhov, abakhiqizi be-All-Russian Research Institute yaseLupine ngaseBryansk. Ngokusekelwe kumasampula angaphezu kwama-40 aqine kakhulu akhethwe yiwo, adala izinhlobo ezintsha."Ukuhlolwa" okunzima kunabo bonke kwaba ebusika obunzima obabulandela obunye ngokulandelana ngo-1995-1996 nango-1996-1997. Simile isivivinyo Bryanskaya pink, Iput, Tyutchevka.
Ku!
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IChermashnaya, iTyutchevka, i-Iput, i-Revna, iLyubimitsa Astakhova ... ebusika kanzima, cishe wonke amazinga afanayo.
Ingadi6
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UCherry Tyutchevka ubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomucu ophakathi. Kuhlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zezithelo nokungathobeki ezimeni ezikhulayo, ukuguquguquka kwamandla okusebenzisa kanye nokuphikisana nesithwathwa esiphezulu. ITyutchevka idume ngokufanele kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
