Izinhlobo ze-Plum u-Anna Shpet - isibindi eside sezingadi eziseningizimu yeRussia. Ukuvela eminyakeni yokuqala yempi yangemva kwempi, washeshe wathola abalandeli abathembekile. Izihlahla zimbozwe ngentambo yezimbali ezintekenteke ngo-Ephreli, futhi izithelo ezinamakha zalokhu okuhlukahlukene ziqedela inkathi yezithelo, zikhulisa ubuhle behlobo eliseningizimu.
Umsuka kanye nokuma komhlaba kwezinhlobonhlobo
Indaba yokubonakala kwale plum iyamangaza. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, umnikazi walesi sihlahla sezithelo eBerlin, uFranz Špet, ubonge kakhulu izimfanelo ezinhle zesithombo se-plum kusuka kuHungary. Wahlanganisa futhi wathuthukisa izakhiwo zayo, kwathi ngo-1874 waqala ukuthengisa izihlahla zakhe, waqamba izinhlobo ezahlukene ukuhlonipha ugogo wakhe omkhulu, u-Anna Späth, owasungula le ndawo yezingane ngo-1782-92. ESoviet Union, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Ana Shpet zafakwa kwiRegista Yombuso kusukela ngo-1947.
Njengoba izithelo zale iplamu zivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi, kunconywa ukuyikhulisa ezindaweni eziseningizimu:
- I-North Caucasus (IRiphabhlikhi yaseDagestan, iRiphabhulikhi yaseKabardino-Balkaria, IRiphabhulikhi yaseKarachay-Cherkessia, Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Chechen Republic, Republic of Ingushetia, Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, Stavropol Territory kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseCrimea),
- ILower Volga (Republic of Kalmykia, Astrakhan kanye ne-Volgograd).
Le nhlobonhlobo isakhula emazweni aseYurophu. UPlum Anna Shpet waqashelwa njengebanga lonyaka e-Austria ngonyaka we-2015. Kuvela emazweni eningizimu yeSoviet Union, kubuye kutshalwe e-Ukraine naseMoldova.
UPlum Anna Shpet ngonyaka ka-2015 waqashelwa njengebanga lonyaka e-Austria
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-plum u-Anna Shpet
Lesi sihlahla sihlala isikhathi eside, siphakathi ngosayizi onomqhele obukhulu, onamaqabunga omumo oyindilinga noma obukhulu be-pyramidal. Isitembu sibushelelezi, yebo. Amahlumela aqondile, ansundu okhanyayo. Iqabunga leqabunga lincane, liluhlaza okotshani, mncane, linemiphetho enziwe ngamaserna.
Izimbali zale plum zivame ukwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Izimbali ezimbili ezimhlophe, ezinkulu zikhula eziqwini ngalinye. Ukubandlululwa kwepestle kuphuma ngaphezulu kwesibalo.
IPlum Blossom Anna Shpet ngo-Ephreli
Izithelo zikhulu, ziyindilinga noma ziyi-ovoid. Isisindo sepulamu esisodwa singama-40-50 g. Isikhumba mncane, kepha siminyene, sidwetshwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sicishe sibe mnyama, futhi kukhona ne-brown hue brown. Njengalokho, embozwe ngengubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Inyama esobala, uju wegolide, kwesinye isikhathi ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani. Itshe liphakathi ngosayizi, li-oval-oval, futhi lifinyelela kahle. Ukunambitheka kwepulpiti kuthambile, kuyancibilika, kumnandi, kune-acidity emnandi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithelo dessert: yidla okusha, kepha kungavunwa. Zibuye zikubekezelele nokuhamba kahle kwezokuhamba futhi zingagcinwa zintsha egumbini elomile kuze kuphele inyanga.
Izithelo ezifakwe uphawu kwakuyinto esiyithandayo futhi umhlobiso owenziwe njalo wamakhekhe wokuzalwa emndenini wethu. Ukuba nesikhathi nesikhathi sokulonda isivuno se-plum, ungakhiqiza le dessert yangempela. I-1,3 kg yamanzi kanye ne-1 kg kashukela ithathwa nge-1 kg yama-halves a-plum. Amanzi anoshukela athululelwa endishini ebanzi engenamuntu, afake ukushisa okuphakathi futhi alethwe ngamathumba nge-kuvuse. Ngokushesha lapho isiraphu isibilisa, engeza ngokucophelela ama-halves amaplamu, ulethe inqwaba ngamathumba bese uyicisha masishane. Lapho isiraphu selipholile, izithelo ziyakhishwa bese zifakwa ku-colander ukuze isiraphu ikhiphe. Isiraphu selehlile kufanele iphinde ishiswe ngomlilo, ilethwe ngamathumba bese iphinda futhi icwiliswa esithelweni. Lesi senzo siphindwa kaningi izikhathi ezi-2-3 kuze kube yilapho izinamba zithola isicwebezelisi esimnandi. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa emathileyi bese zishiywe zome. Inqubo isheshiswa kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa isomisi sikagesi. Ama-halves omisiwe we-plums angagoqwa ushukela omuhle owenziwe nge-granured. Lamaswidi wokukhiqiza uqobo azohlobisa noma yiliphi ithebula leholide.
Izithelo ezi-candied eziqediwe zinokukhanya okucwebezelayo. Zingafafazwa ngoshukela ocolekile noma zishiywe zinjalo
IPlum Anna Shpet isivele ivuthiwe. Izithelo zivuthwa ngokuphelele kuphela ekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izihlahla azifani ekuvuthweni kokuqala. Isitshalo sokuqala sitholakala eminyakeni engama-3-5 ngemuva kokutshala isithombo. Izinhlobonhlobo azitheleli ngokwengxenye. Ngokungena kwi-fruiting kunikeza isivuno esivamile, futhi njalo ngonyaka kuba nezithelo ezengeziwe nezengeziwe. Umuthi ovuthiwe oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala onakekelwa kahle unikeza kuze kufike ku-120 kg yeplamu. Izilungiselelo zezithelo zanda kakhulu endaweni nabavoti: IVictoria, uCatherine noGreenclaw Altana.
Izithelo ezinkulu zeplamu ye-obovate ka-Anna Shpet embozwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Plum u-Anna Shpet uzithobile ekunakekeleni nasekubekezeleleni isomiso. Izinkuni nama-buds azikho ebusika kakhulu-Hardy, kepha izinhlobonhlobo zikhombisa izakhiwo eziphakeme zokuphinda zakhiwe: ngisho nezihlahla ezilinyazwe kakhulu yiqhwa zingalulama ngokuphelele.
Yize kunokululama okuhle ngemuva kokuchayelwa amakhaza, akusizi ngalutho ukukhulisa lolu hlobo ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ngenxa yokuvuthwa kwezithelo sekwephuzile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlobo elipholile nelinethayo livusa umxhwele wezihlahla.
Ukungathandeki kwezinhlobonhlobo kungukuzwela kwayo ezifweni: i-moniliosis ne-polystigmosis. Kwezinye izifo, iplamu ikhombisa ukumelana okuphakathi. Ezinye izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziphawula nokuqina kokhuni: isiqu somuthi sasingakwazi ukumelana nomoya onamandla.
Ukutshala iplamu
IPlum Anna Shpet ingatshalwa ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Okwakhe, bakhetha izindawo ezinelanga, ezivikelwe emimoyeni yasenyakatho izakhiwo. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele abekwe eduzane kwe-2-2,5 m ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Kungcono ukuthatha isikhala kude nezihlahla ezinkulu ezinikeza umthunzi. Kufanelekile ukuhlinzeka indawo yokutshala izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo zempova, unamathela ebangeni lamamitha ayi-3-4 phakathi kwezimbobo. Phakathi kwemigqa ungashiya igebe elifanayo noma ngaphezulu okwengeziwe.
Izithombo kufanele zibe nezinhlamvu eziphilile, eziphelele, kepha ezingavulekile. Izihlahla eziqukethe izimpande zibekezelela kangcono ukucindezelwa kokutshala.
Izigaba zomsebenzi:
- Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, bumba umgodi obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-70-80, ububanzi obungamasentimitha angama-60. Ingqimba lenhlabathi elingaphezulu lihlukaniswe, kuthiwe umngcele ongaphansi wokugcwala ususwe endaweni.
Lapho kugaywa izimbobo, izingqimba zenhlabathi evundile zihlukaniswa nobumba
- Amazwe aseningizimu ajwayele ukukhanya, ngakho-ke ibhakede lomquba noma i-humus, amabhakede ama-1-2 we-peat, amalitha angu-1-2 omlotha wokhuni kanye no-3-5 kg wamatshe amatshe afakwe emgodini wokutshala ukunikeza izitshalo nge-calcium, okuyinto izithelo zamatshe eziyidinga kakhulu. Konke kuxutshaniswe kahle nenhlabathi yayo evundile. Ingxenye ye-substrate etholakele ithululelwa emuva emthonjeni. Beka umuthi ukuze intamo yezimpande ikhuphuke ngamasentimitha angama-6,6 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yenhlabathi. Uma isithombo sinesistimu evulekile yezimpande, iqonde kahle. Uma amapulangwe ehlanganiswa, aniselwa ngaphambi kokutshala, asuswe esitsheni, abekwe maphakathi nomgodi.
Kuyadingeka ukuthola ukuphakama kwentamo yezimpande
- Faka ingxube yenhlabathi, uzama ukungashiyi voids. Kwakhiwa umgodi wokunisela, amabhakede angama-2-3 amanzi alethwa ngokulandelana ngaphansi kwempande. Lapho amanzi eyeka ukumunwa, ukuthambisa kuyamiswa.
Yenza umgodi wokunisela futhi uwunisele kakhulu
- Umbuthano we-trunk ufakwe ngotshani we-sawdust noma osanda kusikwa.
Ngemuva kokutshala, umbuthano wesiqu ufakiwe, ucindezela ukukhula kukhula, ugcine umhlabathi uvulekile futhi uvimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama
Ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokutshala, ungamba isigxobo sokutshala ngasohlangothini oluseningizimu bese ubopha isithombo.
Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa
Isihlahla sokuqala senziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala, sinqamule isiqu sibe amasentimitha angama-50-60. Eminyakeni emithathu elandelayo, kusala amahlumela aqinile ayi-4-5, aqondiswe emikhakheni ehlukene, anciphise okwesithathu. Kamuva, ubude bez amahlumela bufinyezwa ngekota futhi indlela ye-sparse-tier yomqhele iyagcinwa. Njalo entwasahlobo, ukugawulwa kwendle kwenziwa, kususwa amagula, amagatsha aqhekekile, aqhekekile. Futhi ungashiyi amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi komqhele noma ngokuhlikihla ngokumelana.
Ukwakhiwa komqhele wePlum
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Plum u-Anna Shpet uthathwa njengongelutho phakathi kwabalimi. Uma ugcwalisa umgodi wokutshala nge-humus kanye nomlotha ngokushesha, awukwazi ukukhathazeka ngomanyolo iminyaka emibili - emithathu. Ngonyaka wesithathu entwasahlobo, i-nitrous compounds (urea, ammonium nitrate 20-30 g nge-10 l yamanzi) ingafakwa emgodini wokunisela. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-plums aduthiswa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium (superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate, 30 g ngo-10 l wamanzi). Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umquba we-nitrogen unikeza kuphela entwasahlobo, kanye ne-phosphorus kanye ne-potash ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Izithako eziningi ze-nitrogen zitholakala kumanyolo, ngakho-ke, ukugqoka okuphezulu okufakwe nge-mullein kufanele kugwenywe ekwindla ukuze kungavuseleli ukukhula kwamahlamvu amakhulu.
Iplamu iniselwa okungenani kathathu kuya kane ngesizini. Kubalulekile ukunikeza izihlahla ngamanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukwakheka kwe-ovary futhi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa. Kwezinye izimo, udinga ukuholwa yisimo se-coma yenhlabathi. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kubekezelela isomiso ngesithunzi.
Okunye ukunisela okuphoqelekile, ngaphambi kobusika, kufanele kunikezwe inyanga ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile nasekuthomeni kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi sicishe isiqu kanye nesigaxa esikhulu samathambo ukuvikela izihlahla emiphumeleni yokushisa okuphansi.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-plum cultivar u-Anna Shpet ayinakho ukumelana okuphezulu kwe-moniliosis ne-polystigmosis. DUkuvimbela ukukhula nokwanda kwezifo, udinga ukususa amaqabunga awileyo, umthombo wezifo, uwashabalalise, ngoba isikhunta eziningi ziyasinda uma amaqabunga angcwatshwa emhlabathini. Ukwelashwa nezinyathelo ze-prophylactic zisebenza ngokufanayo ngokumelene namagciwane wazo zonke izifo zesikhunta. Isikhunta esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke ezisetshenziswe kubo emakamelweni ehlobo yiChorus. Ku-10 l wamanzi engeza i-2-3 g yomkhiqizo, chaza, fafaza izihlahla ngesilinganiso se-5 l somuthi ngesitshalo esisodwa. Ukwelashwa kokugcina ngalo mkhiqizo akufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa.
Ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo ekulweni nesikhunta, udinga ukusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-fungicides. Kunconywa ukuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kweHorus nezidakamizwa Guqula, Fitoflavin, Skor. Izixazululo kumele zilungiselelwe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngemiyalo, ngokuya ngezindlela zokuzivikela zomuntu.
I-Moniliosis, noma i-plum ye-monilial eshisiwe
Intwasahlobo epholile futhi emanzi ivusa ukuqubuka kwe-moniliosis. Ingazibonakalisa ngesimo sokushiswa kwamahlamvu kwamahlamvu kanye nokubola grey kwezithelo. Izifo zemifino nazo ziyathinteka - amahlumela amasha, amaqabunga, nezitho zokuzala zesitshalo: izimbali, i-ovary, izithelo.
I-Moniliosis noma i-grey bola ithinta izithelo namahlamvu e-plum
Uma lesi sifo sidlula ngokhuni, ukudonswa kwegamu kuqala ezihlahleni ezibuthakathaka, zilahlekelwe ukungagonywa, bese ubusika buqina buyancipha. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo ziyafa.
Izithelo ezithintekile, amaqabunga namahlumela ziyasuswa futhi zichithwe. Ukwelashwa ngama-fungicides kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuchitha isihlahla kusuka phezulu kuya phansi.
Polystigmosis
I-polystigmosis, amabala abomvu, noma ukushiswa kwamaqabunga yisifo sokukhunta esibangelwa isimo sezulu semvula. Izindawo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu ziyavela emaqabungeni. Ehlobo, ama-perforations avela ekhasini leqabunga ezikhungweni ze-lesion.
I-polystigmosis yisifo se-plum fungal esibangelwa isimo sezulu esipholile semvula.
Izihlahla ezithintekile zilahlekelwa ngamahlamvu awo, ziba sengozini yezinye izifo, njengoba ukumelana kwazo kuncipha. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla nokuqina kwazo ebusika kuyahlupheka.
Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ezinesisombululo se-urea esingu-5-7% kunikeza umphumela omuhle. Chitha kuze kufike kumalitha ama-5 wesisombululo kwisitshalo esisodwa. Lokhu ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvimbela ukukhula kokutheleleka, futhi kungumanyolo we-nitrogen wamaplamu.
Izinambuzane
Isihlahla esiphilile nesilungiswe kahle asihlushwa izinambuzane. Ukugcina ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo, kudingeka uzinikeze ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokudla, uvikele ukutshala okuqinile, uphathe futhi uwuthele ngesikhathi. Ukulwa nezinambuzane ezinambuzane, kungcono ukuheha izitha zazo zemvelo - izinyoni, okondlayo abaphakela futhi ufake izitsha zokuphuza esizeni. Futhi kufanelekile ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezinobuthi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, le ngadi ayisiyo nje indawo yokutshala izihlahla nokuvuna, kodwa futhi iyindawo yokubuthana nokuphumula umndeni.
Sondla izinyoni, sidonsela izitha zemvelo zezinambuzane izinambuzane
Ukubuyekezwa
Re: U-Anna Späth
Isilinganiso: Umyalezo ovela ku-lus Amanye ama-pluses athela izithelo, amnandi, izindwangu zamathambo, ezimelana nezifo nezinambuzane, zilenga esihlahleni isikhathi eside futhi ziba zinhle kakhulu !!!
Ngokuqondene nezifo, angivumi impela, izinhlobonhlobo azinakusakazeka ezifweni, ikakhulukazi ku-moniliosis. Ngaphandle kwalokho, konke kuyiqiniso. Ngibheka i-ASh uhlobo lwe-plum elimnandi kunazo zonke. Uma unezinhlobo ezimbili esizeni - u-Anna Shpett noRenklod Altana, khona-ke ayikho enye into edingekayo enjabulweni. Ngaphezu kokungahambi kahle kwezifo, izinhlobonhlobo zibuye zibe nezingqinamba, ezifiselekayo ukwazi ngazo kusengaphambili: 1. Umqhele ophakeme, we-pyramidal. Lapho umuthi ukhula, khona-ke isivuno sonke siyobe singaphandle kwendawo yokufinyelela okunengqondo futhi lapha ngaphandle kwesitebhisi esihle nganoma iyiphi indlela. 2. Izinkuni ezibuthakathaka. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule i-AS yami yahlaselwa umoya oqinile ngasohlangothini lwayo (ekuzisoliseni kwami okujulile), isisuse ezinye izimpande. Uma kwesinye isikhathi uneziphepho, bese ubheka i-ASH njengengadla. 3. Izithelo azilungele ngokuphelele ukubanda. Ngemuva kokuphambuka, ukunambitheka kwehla kakhulu, uginindela uphenduka isisindo se-gelatinous. Ngalo mqondo, i-AS ayisiqhudelani ngisho kunoma iyiphi iplamu engenameva noma ameva. Akukwenzi mqondo ukukhuluma nge-sterility enengxenye, ngoba kungcono ukungatshali umgodi ngaphandle kwepollinator. Ngendlela, i-RA imvamisile ukuba inzalo, kepha ibhangqwe ne-ASh ingabasebenza kahle kakhulu pollinators.
bauer. I-Volgograd
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11043
... U-Anna Shpet, ngokubona kwami, akadingi impova, ngikukhulele enkundleni, ngingedwa njengomunwe, sasihlala njalo sisezinhlinini ...
elena.p
//www.sadiba.com.ua/forum/archive/index.php/t-2362-p-3.html
UKain21429 uthe: "Kuhle ntambama, abasebenzisi besithangami abezwe ngeplamu ka-Anna Plum. Ngubani ongatshela ngakho? Ingabe izinhlobonhlobo zezimbali zilungele ukutshala esifundeni saseYaroslavl?
Kaini, nikeza u-Anna wakho intambo e-Ukraine, futhi enyakatho yakho ubheke intambo ebusika. Isibonelo, uMashenka, uDasha, iVitebsk sekwephuzile (kusuka kukhulu kakhulu), Ochakov ophuzi, Muscovite waseHungary, uTula omnyama (kusuka omncane) ...
toliam1. I-Saint Petersburg
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/4467/page-86
Naphezu kokusuka phesheya kwezilwandle, iplamu ka-Anna Shpet isizinzile isikhathi eside eningizimu yeRussia. Izithelo zalo ezinosiju, zigcwele uphaphe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zidakwa ukunambitheka okuhle nephunga lobusuku baseNingizimu eseningizimu.
