UMongameli wePlum yizinhlobonhlobo zangaphandle ezithandwa kakhulu ezikhule isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu kuzozonke izimboni ezizimele nasengadini yezimboni. Izinhlobonhlobo zizizwa zilungile ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo, umuthi uthela izithelo eziningi ngezithelo ezimnandi, awubeki izidingo ezikhethekile zezimo ezikhulayo.
Incazelo yebanga
UMongameli wePlum wabonakala eNgilandi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ukuhlukahluka kubhekwa njengomphumela wokukhethwa kwe-amateur. Ukusatshalaliswa Kakhulu eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kuyathandwa ezweni lethu.
Izici zezitshalo
I-Plum UMongameli ukhula ngokushesha, eminyakeni yokuqala isihlahla sengeza kufinyelela emngceleni wemitha ngesizini, kodwa singabhekwa njengesiqhwaga, ukukhula kumisa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3-3,5. Ekuqaleni, isihlahla esisha sinomqhele we-pyramidal, kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka siguqulwa sibe umqhele, sithambekele ekuqineni. Amagxolo aluhlaza grey, cishe akukho ubudlakudla. Njengoba amandla okubumba ngokudubula angaphezulu kwesilinganiso, izinhlobonhlobo zidinga ukuthenwa okuhleliwe. Amaqabunga acwebezelayo, makhulu, aluhlaza ngombala, ngaphandle kokukhanya. Amahlamvu ahlukaniswe kalula amahlumela; aphakathi ngosayizi.
UMongameli wePlum ubonakala ngokuqhathanisa nezithelo eziphakeme kakhulu, izihlahla zikwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kufika ku-35 ... -40 ° C. Ukubekezelela isomiso kungenye inzuzo ebalulekile yezinhlobonhlobo. Ukuphikiswa kwezifo kungaphezu kwesilinganiso: izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuthintwa yi-moniliosis, ezinye izifo ziyaqabukela. Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-plum, uMongameli uhlushwa ukuhlaselwa yizilokazane ezinjenge moth kanye ne-aphid. Ukutholwa kweCameo kuyaqabukela.
Ukuqhakaza kwenzeka maphakathi noMeyi, izimbali ezinkulu ezimhlophe ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amancane. Ukuthola isivuno esijwayelekile, uMongameli akadingi abakhwelisa, kepha uma eduzane kukhona okuhamba ngezimbali ngasikhathi sinye kwe-Skorangelika red, Renklod Altana, Blufri noma Kabardinskaya ekuqaleni, isivuno sikhuphuka kakhulu, sifinyelela kuma-40-60 kg ngesihlahla ngasinye, esiphakeme cishe ngama-20-25% kuno isihlahla esinomzwangedwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokutshala isithombo sonyaka. Izithelo zivuthwa sekwephuzile, noma ngabe kwenzeka ehlobo efudumele hhayi ekuqaleni kuka maphakathi no-Septhemba, futhi ngokuvamile kuphela ngasekupheleni kwenyanga. Akukho-periodicity ekungeneni kokuzala; kungahle kube namaconsi amancane esivuno ngokuya ngesimo sezulu. Izithelo ezisesimweni sokuvuthwa okususwayo zibamba kahle emagatsheni; Izithelo ezidelelwayo kuphela eziwa.
Izithelo Incazelo
Izithelo ze-plum zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zingaphezulu kwesilinganiso, cishe nxazonke, zinesisindo esilingana ne-50 g, kepha ezihlahleni ezincane zingaba zikhulu. Njengoba esihlahleni esidala, ngesikhathi sezithelo eziningi, amagatsha amakhulu asevele ethatha isikhundla esivundlile, aphatha isivuno kahle, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi kwamagatsha athwale kakhulu kungcono ukufaka amanzi emuva ngesikhathi. Umbala wezithelo usuka onsomi uye onsomi, onobuhle obukhulu bokubotshwa kwe-wax. Ngaphezulu kobuso busakazeke amaphoyinti amancane acashile wokuqina. Isikhumba sibushelelezi, nobukhulu obuphakathi.
I-Plums UMongameli mkhulu impela futhi, esimweni sokuvuthwa okuvamile umbala wabo kunzima ukuwuchaza ngegama elilodwa
I-pulp ine-nokunwebeka, okunamabala, okuphuzi noma okuluhlaza ngombala, kepha ujusi cishe awunayo imibala. Ukunambitheka kuhle, izithelo zimnandi, ushukela okuqukethwe kufinyelela ku-8.5%. Ukuhlola ukunambitha kwezithelo ezintsha kusuka ku-4.0 kuye ku-4,5. Ithambo lidlulile, lihlukaniswe kalula ngepulpiti.
Izithelo zithuthwa kahle futhi zigcinwa, ikakhulukazi uma zivunwa izinsuku eziningana ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Ngakho-ke, uma uvuna isivuno ezinsukwini ezingama-6,6 ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele, lapho sebesitholile umbala obonakalayo, kodwa bengazange bathambe futhi bangaphumi emagatsheni kalula, bangagcinwa endaweni epholile kuze kufike amasonto amabili. Kodwa-ke, ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezingavuthiwe kubi kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanele uqoqe izinqwaba ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Inhloso yesivuno yikhona jikelele: ama-plums adliwa asha, enziwa nge-jam, compote, pastille, futhi nawo afanelekile kwi-winemaking. Kepha izithelo azilungele ukomiswa ukuze zithole ama-prunes: ekubeni zinomhluzi, azihlangabezani nezidingo zamaplamu asetshenziselwa le njongo: okuqukethwe ushukela okunganele (okungenani u-12% kuyadingeka) kanye ne-acidity ephezulu kakhulu (2,5% uma inqubo ingekho ngaphezu kwe-1%).
Ividiyo: UMongameli wePlum Engadini
Ukutshala izinhlobo ze-plum uMongameli
UMongameli akajwayelekile ngokutshala ipulamu, udinga nje ukukhetha indawo efanelekile futhi ulungiselele umgodi wokufika ngesikhathi. Uma izihlahla eziningana zitshalwe ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga lamamitha amathathu lanele phakathi kwazo: yiso impela uhlelo oluchayelwa ochwepheshe bezingadi, naphezu kokuthi lapho abadala bethi imiqhele eyindilinga yezihlahla ezingomakhelwane ingahlangana ngokuthize. Komakhelwane, ukungabikho kwezihlahla ezinde kuyinto efiselekayo ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga ngangokunokwenzeka kuwele ku-plum.
Izinsuku ezifakwayo, ukulungiselela isiza
Njengezinye izihlahla zezithelo, uMongameli iplamu izithombo ezinohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande zitshalwa entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kepha ezindaweni eziningi ukutshala ekwindla kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu, naphezu kokuphikiswa yiqhwa okuphezulu kwezihlahla zalolu hlobo. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukutshala ekwindla kwenzeka ngoSepthemba - Okthoba, kepha ngomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, futhi ikakhulukazi ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo, izithombo ezithengiwe ekwindla kunconywa ukuthi zimbiwe endaweni kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ekwindla zilungiselele umgodi wokutshala. Ukuzifaka ngokwako kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli futhi, ngethala, kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi.
Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe (ezitsheni) zingatshalwa cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sezulu esivumayo.
Inhlabathi engcono kakhulu yokutshala ama-plums yi-loams evundile engathathi hlangothi, engekho neze indlela yokubhukuda. Isiza simbiwe kusengaphambili, sisusa ngokucophelela ukhula nokufaka umanyolo, futhi uma kunesidingo, uma inhlabathi ine-acidic (i-sorrel, ihhashi elikhulu, i-acid emuncu iyatholakala), ama-deoxidizer (i-lime kagesi noma ushokoledi, kuze kufike ku-1 kg / m2) Imvamisa, lapho kugaywa isiza, kungeniswa kuphela i-humus (1 m ibhakede2), kepha uma inhlabathi ingekho kahle, ungangeza okumbalwa kwe-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukubiwa okuqhubekayo kwendawo lapho inhlabathi yayinganakekelwa kahle ngaphambili, lapho kunokhula oluningi khona
Umanyolo omkhulu ubekwa emgodini wokutshala, olungiselelwe ukutshala ekwindla amaviki ama-2-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, nangesikhathi sentwasahlobo - ekwindla. Ubukhulu bomgodi bungama-70-80 cm ubude nobubanzi, cishe uhhafu wemitha ngokujula. Kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angatholakali eduze komhlaba. Uma bedlula ekujuleni kwe-1.5-2 m, kungcono ukukhetha elinye isiza noma ukwakha indunduma yokufakelwa. Lapho ulungiselela umgodi, ungqimba lomhlabathi ongaphansi luyasuswa, olungaphezulu luhlanganiswe kahle nomanyolo (amabhakede ama-2 komquba, i-0.5 kg yomlotha no-300 g we-superphosphate) bese ebuyela emgodini. Isigxobo sokutshala size sifinyelele kugatsha lokuqala lwamathambo lesithombo (uma sikhona) noma amasentimitha angama-70-80 lapho ukutshala umuntu oneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala kungaqhutshwa ngaleso sikhathi, noma ungalinda kuze kufike ukutshala.
Ukutshala isithombo entwasahlobo
Lapho uthenga isithombo, kubalulekile ukusicubungula sonke futhi ushiye inketho ngamagxolo avela noma ngezimpande ezomile. Akukhathaleki ukuthi iminyaka eyi-seedling imingaki (iminyaka eyi-1 noma engu-2, ubudala ayidingeki), izimpande kumele zikhule kahle futhi zixineke. I-efihlekile ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo ingavuvukala, kepha akunakuqhakaza. Lapho ufika esizeni ngesithombo, qhubeka kanje.
- Bafaka lo msele emanzini amahora amaningi (noma okungenani unqande izimpande zawo), futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, banciphise umzuzwana kwisikhulumi esenziwe ngamanani alinganayo obumba ne-mullein nenani lamanzi elidingekayo (uma kungekho mullein, khona-ke okungenani ubumba namanzi )
Ingxoxo ye-Clay, ixazululwe ezimpandeni, ibasize ukuba bazinze ngokushesha emgodini wokufika
- Inani elidingekayo lengxube yenhlabathi lisuswa emgodini bese kubekwa isithombo kuwo ukuze izimpande zitholakale ngokukhululekile emhlabathini ngaphandle kokugoba ngendlela engafanele. Kulokhu, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe ngu-2-3 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ngokuhlwanyela emgodini, kudingeka unikeze izimpande zayo ithuba lokuzinza ngokukhululeka
- Izimpande zithululelwa ngengxube yomhlabathi ethathwe, zihlanganiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngosizo lwesandla, bese imilenze, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuqapha indawo yentamo yezimpande. Njengoba sebelele cishe ngokuphelele, babopha isithombo esigxotsheni nge iribhoni elithambile eliqinile.
I-G8 ikuvumela ukuthi ubophe izithombo ngokukhululeka ukuze izintambo zingangeni ku-bark
- Ngemuva kokuthela ngamabhakede ama-2-3 amanzi emgodini, gcwalisa umgodi ngenhla bese wakhe izinhlangothi eceleni komphetho wawo ukuze phakathi kokunisela okulandelayo kungagelezi.
Kubalulekile ukuhlela umbuthano wesiqu somthi ukuze amanzi wokunisela amungene kancane emhlabathini futhi anganyamalala ngeze
- Khanyisa kancane umbuthano osondelene nanoma iyiphi impahla evulekile (ama-humus, ama-chip we-peat, utshani obunqunyiwe).
Entwasahlobo, ungqimba olubanzi lwesiqu se-mulch aludingeki, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lungasibeki isisekelo sesiqu
I-plum ngosuku lokutshala ayigawulwa, ngaphandle uma kukhona amagatsha owonakele: lesi sitshalo ngokuvamile siphendula ngobuhlungu ekuthengeni ngokweqile, futhi kwisithombo esingalondolozekile singadala isifo sezinsini. Uma ama-creases noma ukulimala okukhulu kwegxolo kutholakala kumathiphu wamagatsha, kungcono ukuwasika endaweni enhle, bese umboza amanxeba nge-var var yengadi. Ukuthena okwakhayo kuqala ngonyaka. Ngonyaka wokuqala izithombo ziniselwa njalo (okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga), zivimbele inhlabathi ezungezile ukuba isomile; ngemuva kokuba isithombo sesiphumile, okungukuthi, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, ukuthambisa kungancishiswa.
Izici Ezikhulayo
Isici sokukhula kwama-plums kaMongameli ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ukuthi ungakwazi ukunaka kakhulu ukunisela. Kuyiqiniso, ngomswakama owenele wenhlabathi, isivuno siyoba sikhulu, kepha ukomiswa kwesikhashana ngeke kuholele empumisweni ebulalayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina inhlabathi eyindilinga esiseduze nesigaxa somswakama ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi kungekudala, ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezithelo. Kepha engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, awudingi ukunikeza amanzi amaningi, ukuze unqande ukukhula kwehlumela esikhundleni sokulungiselela ubusika, kanye nokuqhekeka izithelo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlahla kuqala ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala. Njalo ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, umanyolo we-nitrogen ohamba ngesivinini esikhulu uhlakazeka uzungeze isihlahla. Kungcono ukuthatha i-urea, kepha i-ammonium nitrate nayo kungenzeka, cishe i-20 g / m2. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, faka ngokujulile umquba noma i-humus, kanye ne-superphosphate kanye nanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-potash. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinto eziphilayo (5-6 kg / m2) Ungenza umanyolo wamaminerali hhayi ngonyaka, kepha (50 g we-superphosphate no-20-30 g kasawoti we-potassium nge-1 m2) - njalo ngonyaka.
Ukusuka onyakeni wesibili kuze kube ukuqala kokwenza izithelo ezijwayelekile, uMongameli wenza ipulamu. Noma yikuphi ukuthenwa kwama-plums emzileni ophakathi kwenziwa ngaphakathi kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokugeleza kokuthambisa, ngokuhlanganiswa okuphoqelekile kwamanxeba nge-var var engadini. Eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3, bazama ukunika umuthi ukwakheka okuhle: njengomthetho, ku-plum, uMongameli udala izihlahla ezi-2 zamagatsha wamathambo wamagatsha ama-3-4, aqondiswe ngokufanele ngezindlela ezihlukile. Abathinti umqhubi wesikhathi eside, futhi kuphela emva kweminyaka engama-3-5, uma bengafuni ukuvumela ukukhula kwesihlahla phezulu, kuyanqunywa. Amagatsha emithambo ancishiswa ngo-15-20 cm lapho akha izihlahla.
Ukuthena izihlahla kuyinqubo ebucayi kakhulu: izithelo zamatshe, ngokungafani nezihlahla zama-apula, azixoleli amaphutha, ziyagula ngenxa yokuthena okungalungile
Ngemuva kokungenela izithelo, uMongameli wasika ipula kancane. Yenza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka (ukusika amagatsha agulayo nabonakele), futhi uma kunesidingo - uma ukuqina komqhele kuhaba - futhi kukhanya.
Amaplamu amadala, asevele engenakho ukukhula okuncane kokuhluma, athathelwa indawo amanye amasha noma avuselelwa kabusha ngokunqamulela amagatsha amakhulu, kepha isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 akunangqondo ukugcina lesi sihlahla sisendaweni.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, iziqu nezisekelo zamagatsha wamathambo nakanjani kuzoba mhlophe, kuzivikele emigodini yasentwasahlobo yasekwindla yokuqala. Uma ufaka izinto ezinephunga elibi ku-whitewash, ungavikela izihlahla ekuhlwabeni ngale ndlela. Kepha kungcono ukubopha amaplamu asemasha ngamagatsha we-spruce amagatsha noma amathayi we-nylon, futhi i-hare ngeke isazithinta izihlahla ezindala. Ukuvikelwa kwisithwathwa ngaleyo ndlela kukhishwa nguMongameli ngokuvamile akudingeki.
Ividiyo: uMongameli wokuthena izihlahla
Izifo nezinambuzane, ukulwa nazo
Endabeni yeplamu, uMongameli uvame ukuhlangana kuphela ne-moniliosis - isifo esiqala ngokunqotshwa kwamahlumela bese sidlulela ezithelo.
I-Moniliosis ayinciphisi kuphela umlimi isivuno, ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ingamphuca isihlahla
Endabeni yobuchwepheshe obufanele bezolimo (ukuhlanzwa okufika ngesikhathi ezungeze izihlahla, ukuphulukiswa kwamanxeba, njll.), Lesi sifo asinakulindeleka, kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuphathwa nge-Bordeaux fluid. I-1% ketshezi lungasetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kokuthi isikhathi sokuvuthwa sezithelo (ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke sidliwe).
Uma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukufafaza ukufafaza ngokweqile ngo-3% Bordeaux fluid, khona-ke ezinye izifo zesikhunta (kleasterosporiosis, ukugqwala, amaphakethe we-plum) empeleni azisongelwanga yizinhlobonhlobo zikaMongameli. Ukutholwa kweCameo kwenzeka kuphela esimweni sokuthenwa kwe-barbaric, lapho amanxeba amakhulu angalashwa futhi engambozwa. Uma i-gum ivele, kuyadingeka ukuyisusa, hlanza amanxeba ngommese obukhali, iphathe ngesixazululo se-1% se-sulfate yethusi bese uyimboza nge-var var yengadi.
Enye yezinambuzane eziyingozi kunazo zonke eziphuza ama-juices kusuka amahlumela amasha namaqabunga yi-plum aphid. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi, ihlala ezindaweni ezingalondolozekanga kahle. Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezonakalisa izithelo, kukhona i-sawum plum kanye nenundu lokudonsa. Izibungu zeSawfly zibhubhisa isithelo esivele sesisezingeni le-ovary, futhi izibungu zohlobo lwe-codling moth zikhetha uginindela wamapulangwe avuthiwe.
ISawfly iyimpukane ebonakala ingenangozi, kepha ubuso bayo bubangela ukulimala okukhulu
Ama-aphid, ngenkathi engekho amaningi awo, abhujiswa kahle ngamakhambi esintu (infusions yamakhambi, anyanisi husks, umlotha, amanzi anensipho nje). Kepha ngokuhlasela kwakho okukhulu, njengezinye izinambuzane, kuyadingeka ukuthi kunoshevu ngama-insecticides amakhemikhali: UFunfanon, Karbofos, Iskra, njll. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukungabi yingozi kakhulu kumgcini wegadi futhi ulisebenzise ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo esephaketheni.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Kunezici ezithile lapho kukhula le nhlobonhlobo. Musa ukushesha ukudla. Kugcinwe isikhathi eside esiqandisini. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle (isomiso sasehlobo, uSeptemba obandayo) kanye nokukhethwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, i-pulp ivame ukuhlala iqinile, iqine nge-acid ethe xaxa, nokunambitheka kwe-Mediocre. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ngezinhloso ze-Culinary. Lapho kukhona okunisela noma ezifundeni ezinomswakama owanele, ukutshala izinhloso zezimboni kungenzeka. Inani lemakethe liphezulu.
Ilyich 1952
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11059
EsiFundeni saseMoscow, izithelo zepulamu lezinhlobonhlobo zikaMongameli azivuthwa ngokuphelele unyaka nonyaka. Uma ihlobo lifudumele, bavuthwa maphakathi, noma ngisho nokuphela kukaSepthemba. Izinhlobonhlobo zilungile, zinambitheka, zinamandla futhi ziyamelana neqhwa.
Anona
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11059
UMongameli wePlum - omele izinhlobo zakudala, unesikhathi sokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, isivuno esihle, ukunambitheka okuhle kanye nokuzithoba ezimweni ezikhulayo. Naphezu kokuzuziwe kwabafuyi bezindawo, usathola indawo yakhe ezivandeni ze-amateur.
