Ukuchelela kwethanga kwenzeka njalo iminyaka eminingi, ngoba umqhele uhlala ukhula, uqobeka, uguga. Umuthi ukhula ngokohlelo olubekwe phansi yimvelo, futhi umuntu uguqula le nqubo ukuze athole isivuno, futhi ngokungcono njalo ngonyaka.
Kuyini ukuthenwa
Kwizihlahla zezithelo, kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana zokuthena ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, iminyaka yesihlahla, nenhloso okuhlosiwe.
Izinhlobo Zokuncipha:
- Ukuqamba - kubalulekile eminyakeni yokuqala engama-5-6, lapho ukwakheka okusebenzayo komqhele wesihlahla sezithelo kwenzeka; ebanjwe entwasahlobo.
- Ukucwilisa - ukusebenza unomphela okusetshenzisiwe kwiparele lanoma yimuphi unyaka; iziqongo, amahlumela aminyene asuswa.
- Ukuhlanzeka - kwenziwa ekwindla; susa ukhula ngendlela engafanele (ngaphakathi komqhele, ukuxubeka), amagatsha awomile nawanesifo.
- Ukuvuselela kabusha - izihlahla ezindala ziyayidinga, okuthi, njengomthetho, ingxenye ephezulu “yomququ” iphume; izihlahla zenziwa ngokhuni olunempilo.
Kuncono nini ukusika i-pearl
Izihlahla zenziwa entwasahlobo emazingeni okushisa asuka ku-0 ° C azinza ku-5 ° C, kepha ngaphambi kokugeleza kokuncipha, lapho izinso ziqala ukukhula. Isikhathi esenziwa yisifunda sihlala sisodwa, kepha, ngokuvamile, lesi sikhathi siza ngoMashi-Ephreli.
Ehlobo, ukuqala ngoJuni, i-tweezing iyenziwa - kuncipha izihloko zamahlumela amancane. Ngani? Amandla okukhula kwamahlumela ngobude abhekiswe ekwakhekeni kwezithombo, ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kuyasheshiswa.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kunciphisa, kwenziwa izihlahla zasekwindla. Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa, izinkuni eziphilayo kokusikeka nokusikeka zizokoma ngokuphelele futhi nengozi yokuqandeka ibe mincane.
Imithetho Yokunciphisa:
- sebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali, likhubaza amagciwane ngezikhathi ezithile;
- amagatsha anqunywa kwindandatho ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu ezipholisa kancane futhi zibuye zimbozwe ngebhulashi elenziwe ngeziphelo zokuphotha (kusho ukuthini ukusika kube yindandatho? Engxenyeni yegatsha ngalinye kukhona indandatho ye-cambial - ukuqina noma ukuphakama endaweni lapho igatsha lijoyina khona isiqu, ukusikwa kwenziwa ngokufana komugqa wendandatho ngaphandle);
- amagatsha awugqinsi asikwa ngezindlela ezihlukile:
- lapho kufika indlela yokuqala, isigamu segatsha sisikiwe, bese umsika edlula ngomugqa ohlosiwe;
- ukusika kokuqala kwenziwa kusuka ngaphansi, ukusika kwesibili nokwokugcina kusuka ngaphezulu (ngakho-ke lesi siqeshana esinqunyiwe ngeke sidonsele amagxolo kuwo, ukusika kubushelelezi futhi kudonswe ngokushesha);
- uma umuthi unganakwa, umsebenzi wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, ukuze ungawuqedi;
- ukusikeka kumbozwe ngamafutha okomisa noma ngopende ngokusekelwe kuwo, i-var var engadini, iparafini noma iRannet (amagxolo wokufakelwa);
- khipha inani elithile lamagatsha, ngoba ukuthena ngokweqile kubangela ukukhula kwenamba enkulu yeziqongo.
Isilayidi sigijima eceleni komphetho wangaphandle we-cambial ring
Amapheya asabela kanjani ekusokeni
Kwesinye isikhathi i-pearl ayiphenduli ekusokeni ngendlela obungathanda ngayo, futhi ikhule "esigxotsheni esingalungile." Ukungalaleli okunjalo kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nohlobo lwazo lokukhula. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi izihlahla ezilula zihlanganiswa namanye amasu, ngokwesibonelo, ukugoba.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezine-apical (apical) zokubusa kwamahlumela; kunezinhlobonhlobo nge-lateral. Kukhona ukwakheka okuhle kokudubula, kukhona okubi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezine-engela efanelekile yamahlumela abalekayo, kukhona nge-acute (mesotonic ne-basitonic).
Izinhlobonhlobo zohlobo lwe-mesotonic branching ezine-angle enkulu ye-branching zenziwe kahle: kwimemori yeYakovlev, amazolo e-Augustow, Swallow. Kuyinjabulo ukwakha izinhlobo ezinjalo - sisika lesi sitshalo esisezingeni eliphakeme kuya ku-20 cm futhi sisuse amahlumela angadingekile ehlobo - isihlahla siyazakha. Indlela yokubumba yamaperele anjalo inyakazisiwe.
Futhi izinhlobonhlobo ezifana noBryansk Ubuhle zinamandla apical. Mina. wonke amandla okukhula angena ihlumela elilodwa, elimane livale konke. Akunakwenzeka ukwakha isihlahla esinjalo ngokuthena! Lapho kuthathwa, kutholakala ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili, kodwa ngamakhola abukhali kangangokuba ahamba ngokufana nesiqu. Izinhlobo ezinjengalezi zakhiwa ngama-cordons aqondile. Kulapho ukukhahlelwa okukodwa, bese kugoqwa. Amahlumela akhule kusuka kumaphuzu wokugoba anwetshwe futhi aphindaphindiselwe kolunye uhlangothi, njll.Yri
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Ukuthenga
Awukwazi ukungayinaki le nqubo nganoma iyiphi indlela - ukugoba noma ukudonsa amagatsha (ukuthola imiqhele yohlobo lokudonsa) ukuze uzinikeze isikhundla esithe xaxa. Kungenxa yamagatsha anjalo lapho kubekelwa khona imbali efihlekile yezimbali. Amagatsha emathambo awagobi. Ukugoqwa kwamahlumela angenawo lignified entwasahlobo nasehlobo kukhiqiza kakhudlwana, kuphephile, kulula futhi kuthatha isikhathi esincane. Ngokugoba kwentwasahlobo, amagatsha azothatha isimo esisha ngokushesha, kepha uma wenza lokhu ekwindla, umqondo uzoba ngu-zero - ngeke ukwazi ukuchaza egatsheni lokulala ukuthi udinga ukulungisa isimo esisha. Amagatsha anezinhlamvu nawo ayagoba, kepha lokhu akusona isibonelo okunzima ukusenza, amandla ngokomzimba nokuqapha ngokweqile kuyadingeka ukuze ungaphuli lutho. Inqubo yenzeka kancane kancane, igxathu negxathu, ukuze ingasebenzi isizini eyodwa.
Ama-angles amagatsha angasebenzi kahle - indawo egcina ubungozi
Uma igatsha liphuma lishiya lesi sicubu endaweni oyifunayo (hhayi ebukhali), bese lihlephukela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, lenqatshwa endaweni ethe xaxa. I-loine ye-twine ifakwe ebangeni le-2/3 yobude begatsha ukusuka esiqwini, isiphetho sesibili sibekelwa esigxotsheni noma esiqwini esigoqiwe emhlabathini, noma kufakwa isikhova phakathi kwegatsha nesiqu. Amagatsha amaningi axutshwe kakhulu, aphazamisa ukhula, athukulula umhlabathi. Zibekwe esiqwini noma esigxotsheni, esiboshwe esiqwini. Indandatho inamathiselwe engxenyeni engenhla yesigxobo, lapho kudluliswa khona ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze i-twine lingangeni ku-bark, kufakwa i-lining ngaphansi kwaso egatsheni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, intambo noma i-becheva izoshayeka egangeni, iphazamise ukuhamba kwezakhi zomzimba, igatsha liyoma, liba brittle bese liyafa.
Ungaguqa igatsha leparele ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene
Ukugoba kuhle ekwakheni umqhele weparele omfushane. Amahlumela angama-15 cm ubude agobeke ngokuqondile, amahlumela asikwa engela elikhulu, futhi isiqu sifinyezwa ukuze kube ngaphezulu kwama-40 cm kunegatsha elingaphezulu. Ngesizini ezayo, amahlumela avela phezulu angama-30 cm ashiyelwa amaqanda, futhi aqine futhi abade (40-50 cm) uthathe izinso eziningana. Amagatsha anamandla aqinile asikwa abe yindandatho, umqhubi ophakathi nendawo abuye ancishiselwe ukuphakama okufanayo njengangaphambili.
Ama-Tweezers
Iphathwe ngoJuni besebenzisa ama-secateurs noma iminwe. Ingaphezulu lokukhula okuncane elinamaqabunga ama-4-5 liyaphinwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, inqubo iphindwa, i.e., ngenyanga, ama-tweezers azodlula kathathu. Ukuphinizela kuvimbela ukukhula komqhele ubude bese izakhi zigeleza ziye ezitsheni.
Ividiyo: I-pearl tweezing ehlobo
Imfihlo yokuthena ithini lamapheya anemilo ehlukene yomqhele
Ngokuvamile, ubuchwepheshe bokuthena buyafana ngokhuni nganoma yisiphi isimo somqhele, kepha kukhona umehluko omncane. Emapheya e-pyramidal, umqhele "awubunjiwe" - amahlumela anqunywe kwihlamvu langaphandle, okungukuthi, elingaphandle. Amahlumela amasha akhula ngokudukiswa, kubekwa izimbali ezingaphezulu kwawo, umqhele ube mkhulu kakhulu, ukhanyiselwe kangcono. Kungenzeka ukuthi unciphise amagatsha akhula, esikhundleni sawo kube ngukudonswa phansi.
Ukuqamba komqhele
Kuphakanyiswa umqhele wamapheya nge amahlumela owomile: ukusikwa egatsheni kudlula ngenhla kwangaphakathi. Ngokuzayo, ukukhula kuphenduka ngaphakathi komqhele futhi, ngokungathi kunjalo, kuyasikhulisa. Le ndlela ayilokothi ivune ukwenziwa i-fruiting, kepha yenza umqhele uhlangane futhi ulekelele ukulinywa komhlaba kuzindilinga eziseduze.
Isigaxa se-Bowl sibunjiwe
Banikeza umqhele ukwakheka okuhambisanayo ngokususa umqhubi ophakathi nhloso noma lapho iqhwaqekile, ligula noma ligobekile. Amagatsha emathambo we-oda lokuqala azungeza okuphumayo okuphumayo, futhi ngokuvamile isithombe sifana nenkomishi. Usizo lwaleli fomu ukuthi amagatsha angaphandle nangaphakathi athole ukukhanya kwelanga ngokwanele futhi anomoya omuhle.
Ukubopha umqhele
Ividiyo: izinhlobo eziphambili zokwakheka kwethanga
Ukuthena eliphakathi kwe ntwasahlobo entwasahlobo
Inhloso yokuthena isihlahla esincane, kukwenza kancane kancane umqhele ovulekile futhi okhanyiswe kahle ongamelana nomthwalo wezithelo.
Yini i-Godasik?
Leli gama elinothando livame ukubizwa ngokuthi izithombo zonyaka. Ngale ndlela, abalimi be-novice bangaba nobunzima ekunqumeni iminyaka yesithombo. Impendulo ilula: isithombo esiye saphila isizini sithathwa njengonyaka. Okusho ukuthi, iparele elitshalwe ukuwa kokugcina noma le ntwasahlobo ibhekwa njengonyaka.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-seedling yeparele yezinhlobonhlobo eziyintandokazi, into yokuqala yokuhlola isimo sohlelo lwezimpande - kufanele kube yi-fibrous, ngamathiphu aphelele, oswakanyisiwe. Uma lesi sitshalo sithengiswa ngohlelo lwempande oluvaliwe (esikhwameni), khetha kancane amagxolo ngesigaxa somunwe. Ingqimba engezansi eluhlaza ikhombisa ukuthi isithombo siyaphila futhi siphilile, uma sinsundu - somile, ngeke kube nomqondo kuso.
Umuntu ononyaka uvame ukuba ngama-80-100 cm ubude futhi abukeke njengehlumela, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokuhluma okwenzeka kamuva noma kuzoba nokukodwa noma okubili, kepha kube kufushane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuthena esigabeni sokuqala kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu futhi ngeke kubangele imibuzo ngisho ne- "teapot".
Sisika iparele lonyaka
Isithombo sitshalelwe yonke imithetho endaweni ehlala njalo, ifakwe kwisikhonkwane futhi ngokushesha emva kwalokho sinqunywe nge-pruner. Amaparele afakelwe kwisitoko sembewu esinamandla asikwa ekuphakameni okungama-70 cm kusuka emhlabathini ngqo ngenhla kwezso. Futhi izithombo ezitholwe ngokuxhunyelelwa ezisekelweni zesiphundu ezikhiqizwa ngokunambitheka (ifiphele) ziyancishiswa zibe ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-50. (Amanani afanayo achazwa ngumthengisi). Uma bekufanele utshale ikhasi eliphakathi nezimpande ezonakele, lisikwa ngaphezulu, cishe 10 cm, elinike amandla okubuyisela izimpande.
Isithombo metamorphoses ngonyaka wokuqala
Isiqu esifushane (noma umqhubi osenkabeni) sisazokhula sibheke phezulu, sizokhipha ihlumela kusuka ezinsweni ezingenhla ngaphansi kokusikwa, bese kuvela amahlumela amaningi aseceleni. Ekuqaleni, bayoba notshani - buluhlaza, buthambile futhi bube mncane, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bazophenduka baba ngamagatsha anamandla emithambo. Lesi skeleton, sizokhula ngamagatsha angenamikhono anamacembe, amaqabunga nezimbali. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukwakhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba kuzovela ngaphansi kwesiza sokugoma, okufanele sisuswe. Izodonsa ngokwayo ingxenye yezakhi, idale isithunzi, kodwa ingakhiqizi izithelo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu.
Ifunda ukunquma igatsha ngendlela efanele
Ukuthena isithombo sethanga ngonyaka wesibili
Ezitshalweni zezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo, amahlumela angama-6-8 akamuva akhula, lapho kwakhiwa khona amagatsha emithambo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shiya amagatsha angama-3-4 (amanye asikwe abe yindandatho), ahlukaniswe ngokulinganayo azungeze indawo futhi cishe ayi-15-20 cm ngaphandle komunye nomunye ukuphakama. Kumuntu ozibambe iqhaza engadini okokuqala, ungacabanga ngesambulela lapho isiqu sikuphi isiqu, kanye nama-speaker angamahlumela akamuva. Kuphela kithi, la ma-speaker, i.e. amahlumela, awatholakali kwelinye izinga, kepha ngalinye liphakeme kancane kunelinye. I-angle yokuphambuka kwamagatsha wamathambo kusuka esiqwini akufanele ibe bukhali kakhulu - 45-50 °. Kunoma iyiphi indawo yesihlahla, amalunga abukhali anomoya onamandla ahlukana kalula, kushiya kujule, kunzima ukuphulukisa amanxeba.
Ikhona elibukhali elingathembeki kakhulu esihlahleni, liqhekeza kalula
Amagatsha emithambo anqunywa yi-¼ ezinsweni zangaphandle, kepha ngendlela yokuthi ngalinye lawo liphansi kancane kunelaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, umgomo wokuzithoba ugcwalisekile - ngaphansi kwamagatsha akhulayo akufanele akhuphuke ngaphezulu kwalokho kukhula okuphezulu. Amagatsha asebusweni emikhawulweni yamagatsha anamathambo afana nemilenze yezinyoni enza ukuqhubeka kube mfushane. Umqhubi osenkabeni (isiqu) uyanqunywa ukuze akhuphuke ngamasentimitha angama-25 ngaphezu kokuphumula. Uma ihlumela lokuncintisana selikhule eduze komqhubi ophakathi nendawo (futhi ngokuqinisekile lizokhula nge-engile eqinile), lisikwa libe yindandatho. Uma i-pearl ishesha ifinyelela phezulu, sinqume umqhubi osenkampini uye esifundeni sokuqala esibuthakathaka, bese ikhula ibheke phezulu, idonswa esikhonkwaneni nge-twine.
Ukuthenwa kwethanga elineminyaka emibili
Abaqhudelanayo nabo bakhula emagatsheni anamathambo (ukuphela kwehlumela kufana nesixha), nabo basikiwe bayindandatho. Ngemuva kokunquma, umanyolo we-nitrogen awufakwa ngaphandle, ukuze umuthi ubeke wonke amandla awo ekwelapheni ukusikeka, kunokuba wakhe inqwaba eluhlaza. Kwenzeka ukuthi elinye igatsha likhule ngaphezu kwelinye. Ngokuzayo, ongaphezulu uzosibekela phansi ophansi, bayohlanganiswa, ngakho-ke omunye wabo uzosuswa.
Ukuthenwa kwethanga elineminyaka emithathu
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kokuqala, umqhubi wesikhungo esimaphakathi usikwa ku-¼ wokuphakama, cishe amasentimitha angama-25 kusuka ekukhuleni okusha kushiywe, okusele kunqunywe kwizinso zangaphakathi (ukuze umqhele ungasakazeki). Isizini elandelayo, izimbangi zomqhubi ophakathi nasemagatsheni wamathambo zikhipha. Izihloko ezinamandla zinqunywa kukhala izindandatho, kanti izihloko ezondile ziyagoqwa, zigcotshwe ngekota, kuziguqula zibe ngamagatsha akhiqiza amathambo amancane. Susa wonke amagatsha nge-angle ebukekayo yokuhamba, kanye nokuphula ukwakheka okuhle komqhele. Uma isiqu siphansi futhi amagatsha asematheni aphansi ancika emhlabathini, ayafinyezwa. Sekukonke, ukuthena isihlahla seminyaka emithathu kuyafana nokusebenza nesithombo esisodwa seedinyaka.
Ukwehlisa unyaka owodwa ubudala nekhabe elineminyaka emibili kufana kakhulu
Ukuthenwa kwethanga elineminyaka emine
Kulesi sikhathi, kubekwa ihlathi lesibili, kugcina imithetho esivele yaziwa:
- Gwema izindondo ezibukhali zokusuka kwegatsha esiqwini;
- ukususwa kwabaqhudelana;
- ukuzithoba - ihlombe elingaphezulu akufanele ligqoke ongaphansi, oqhuba kahle maphakathi isikhathi eside kunamagatsha.
Ukwanda konyaka wamapheya aneminyaka emine akufinyezi, ukuze kusebenze izinqubo zokukhula. Amagatsha angqongqothwe kuphethini elijwayelekile agawulwa kukhala endandeni yesihlahla noma ngokhuni olunezithelo; qeda iziqongo.
Ukunciphisa i-peine yeminyaka emine nakho kwehla ekunciphiseni nasekuqedeni amahlumela ancintisana nawo
Izihlahla ezivuthiwe
Ngeminyaka emihlanu, umqhele wepende ubhekwa njengokwakheka futhi iminyaka eminingana awudingi ukungenelela okukhethekile. Isihlahla esineminyaka eyisithupha kuya kwyisishiyagalombili ubudala sifana nonxiwankulu abazisebenzisayo abanomkhuba wokuphila ongabekezeleleki. Amagatsha amafushane ayancishiswa, ngoba ukukhula kwawo konyaka kuncishiswa ngokubonakalayo. Ukuthena kuhloselwe ikakhulukazi ukugcina isimo esihle sanhlanzeko somuthi.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umqhele wamapheya abantu abadala kancane kancane uyaqina futhi namagatsha akhule azothola ukukhanya kwelanga. Kulokhu, ukuthamba kuyenziwa, okwelulwe iminyaka engama-2-3. Kungani isikhathi eside kangaka? Ukugcina ukulingana phakathi komqhele kanye "nokukhombisa" kwayo - izimpande. Inqubo yokuncipha iqala entwasahlobo. Esihlalweni esisodwa, amagatsha aminyene aneminyaka emibili nantathu, ububanzi bawo okuyihafu yobubanzi bomqhubi ophakathi, asikwa ngaphakathi komqhele ukuthola ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni salokho. Akukho ngaphezulu kwamagatsha anjalo amabili akhishwa ngasikhathi.
Ukunquma ifindo elingena esikhundleni kusiza ukufaka esikhundleni samagatsha amadala amasha
Igatsha lifushaniswa negatsha elinezithelo, bese ihlumela elitholakala ngaphansi lisikwe laba ngamahlamvu amabili - lokhu kuzoba ifindo lokungena esikhundleni. By the way, lapho bethi "uthathe zibe zimbili noma ezinhlanu, njll. Izinso", lokhu kusho ukuthi leli nani lezinso lihlala kusibhamu esifushane. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela akhula kusuka kuma-buds ashiyiwe ekhondweni lokufakwa esikhundleni. Bazokwenza imisebenzi yegatsha langaphambilini, ngakhoke babizwa nangokuthi ababambele. Isiqu noma umqhubi osenkabeni ufinyeziwe abe yi-3-3,5 m. Izindawo eziseduzane nezigaba zizungezwe ibhulashi lamahlumela amasha (iziqongo zangesikhathi esizayo) ezivela kumapheshana avukile, ziphulwe ekupheleni kukaMeyi.
Kuhle ukufundisa abanye lapho ku-pearl uqobo ngaphansi kwewindi lithandaza (manje sengikuzwa nje) ukuthi "ngilinganiswe". Umuthi uneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, ngokubukeka ufana ne-cypress, ukuphakama okungu-3 m.Izithelo ngonyaka, isisindo esincane sezithelo singu-250 g, akekho okhumbula igama lezinhlobonhlobo. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu, kudingekile ukususa izimbangi zomqhubi ophakathi, unqande amagatsha anamathambo uwawanqume engxenyeni yangaphandle. Njengoba ngijoyine uPaint, ngathola inguqulo enhle yepareti ebukeziwe.
Ukususa izimbangi eziningi nokugunda amagatsha aseceleni kufanele kugqugquzele ukuthi kwakhiwe i-lateral branching
Ividiyo: izihlahla zabantu abadala
Ihlahla izihlahla zakudala
Umuthi weminyaka engu-15 nangaphezulu ubhekwa njengomdala futhi udinga ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwekhadinali. Isiginali salokhu sinciphile ukukhula ngo-15- cm cm.I-anti-ukuguga ukugawulwa kwamapheya kwenziwa kancane kancane ngaphezu kwezinkathi ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, futhi umsebenzi uqala entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwenziwa kangcono emuva konyaka onciphile lapho inqwaba yezimbali eyakhiwe esihlahleni.
Ngemuva kokuthena okudala ukuguga, amagatsha ayimpandla akhula ngamahlumela
Uma kukhona amagatsha amaningana awomile, anqunywa kaningana unyaka nonyaka, amanxeba embozwe ngezinhlobo zengadi. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusikeka kuhlanganiswa ngefilimu emnyama kuze kube Septhemba, ngakho-ke izingcezu zizodonswa ngokushesha amahlandla ama-2-3. Ukukhula konyaka kuncishiswa ¼ yobude bawo bonke. Amagatsha “angajwayelekile” nawo asikwa - akhula ngaphakathi, ngokuqondile nangokuhlangenwe nakho.
Izihlahla Zokuthena Izithelo
Ngokuya ngezinga lokulimala kwesithwathwa, ukuthena okufanelekile kuyenziwa. Uma ngenhla kwepharele lonyaka elihlwanyelwe ekwindla liqandisiwe, lisikeka ku-1/3 ubude. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi uboniswa kuzo zonke izithombo zaminyaka yonke, ngakho-ke isithwathwa akubonakali ngathi silimaza kakhulu.
Ezihlahleni ezindala ezinesistimu ethuthukisiwe yamagatsha, izihlahla zinamandla kakhulu. Okokuqala, amagatsha ayahlolwa, aveza izilonda - izinkuni kulezi zindawo zinsundu noma zimnyama. Uma igatsha likhulu noma iqandisiwe ngokuphelele, lisikwa likhale ngendandatho. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu ezithintekile zigawulwa ngokhuni olunempilo.
Ukunqunyelwa okuphansi kwamagatsha awugqinsi kuyinto elula kubantu futhi akulimazi isihlahla
Ukwenza izihlahla ezinjalo, okokuqala bacabanga ngempilo yesihlahla, ubuhle bomqhele bubhekiswe emuva. Kubalulekile ukuthi ama-buds elele avuke, okuzonikeza umfutho ekukhuleni kwamahlumela amasha. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokugcotshwa ngokweqile kwe "stumps" ngamahlumela lapho singakhuluma khona ngokwakhiwa komqhele.
Izici zokuthenwa kwethanga ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi iSiberia
Endaweni yokulima okuyingozi, ikakhulukazi e-Urals, eSiberia, ukuthenwa kwamaparele kulinywa ngesihlahla. Isihlahla esinjalo nje kulula ukusihlala ebusika obandayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yakha ukuphakama okujwayelekile okungu-10-15 cm, amagatsha wamathambo abekwa ngokulandelana okungahleliwe. Ukwakheka komqhele wezihlahla ezincane kuhambisana nokuthenwa okulinganiselwe kwamagatsha wamathambo kanye nokuncipha kwamagatsha angenamikhono. Ngonyaka wesihlanu, umqhubi wesifundo esiphakathi ufushaniswa ngezinga lamagatsha aphezulu wethambo we-oda lokuqala. Kuvela isihlahla esihlahleni esiphakeme cishe ngo-2-2,5 m, futhi okuningi akudingeki. Ukubuyiselwa komqhele kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezindleko zeziqongo, kunciphisa ngenxenye yesithathu yobude.
Ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ekuqaleni, izifunda, zisebenza ngendlela ye-stlan yomqhele. Izithombo zitshalwa endaweni engama-45 ° amakhanda azo eningizimu, kuthi kungakapheli iminyaka emithathu akha amagatsha angama-2-4 skeletal cishe amamitha ayi-1 ubude, azigoqa njalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, egatsheni ngalinye, kushiya amahlumela ama-2 aqondile, anqume okuseleyo.
Isithombe esihluke ngokuphelele senzeka eCrimea ngesimo sezulu esihle. Lapha, ukuthenwa kwethanga kungaqhutshwa cishe unyaka wonke, ubungozi bokuqandeka kwenzeka kuphela eminyakeni ethile, okungajwayelekile.
Ukuvuselelwa okungafundile kweparele elikhulisiwe ngesivinini seStakhanov isizini eyodwa (kufika ku-3-4 m ukuphakama nobubanzi) kugcwele ukuqhwa kwesihlahla ngisho nasebusika obumnene. Futhi uma usika umqhele kancane kancane, minyaka yonke ngo-1-2 m ukuphakama nobubanzi, kuzothatha iminyaka eminingana futhi sonke lesi sikhathi isivuno sizokwenzeka. Ukusuka esifundeni Esiphakathi, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga ngokwendlela yeV.I.Susov (iMosical Agricultural Academy eqanjwe ngoK.A. Timiryazev). Umsuka wayo ngukuncipha kancane kancane komqhele, kusukela engxenyeni ekhanyiswe kakhulu yilanga.
Ingxenye ehlutshiwe yomqhele kufanele ibe nobude obuyi-3 m nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-2. Ngaphandle, isithombe siyakhumbuza ipayi okwasikwa kulo umshado. Ingxenye yezihloko ezivele zagawulwa zaba yindandatho, ezinye zafinyezwa futhi zigobile ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwezimbali. Sonke lesi sikhathi, izinkomondo ezisele ziyaqhubeka zijabulisa ngezithelo ezinkulu zikashukela.
Ukuvuselelwa kwasekuqaleni kwesihlahla sezithelo ngokwendlela ka-V. I. Susov
Lapho ngeminyaka engu-4-5 iziqongo ziqala ukuthela izithelo, ziphinda zenze ingxenye yesibili yomqhele futhi ngasikhathi sinye zivuselele izimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla noma entwasahlobo yonyaka, izihlahla ngaphansi kwengxenye esikiwe yomqhele igaya umsele ongama-75 cm ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka esiqwini ngokusho kobubanzi bomqhele osaluliwe. Izimpande ezinkulu nezinkulu zigaxwa ngembazo noma zisikwe ngocelemba. Lokhu kusebenza kuvusa inqubo yokwakhiwa kwezimpande. (Qaphela ukuthi imisebenzi enjalo idinga amakhono athile, uma kungenjalo). Umgodi umbozwe nge-humus kanye nesendlalelo esingaphezulu somhlaba okumbiwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 1. Ngomhlabathi osindayo, engeza isihlabathi somfula kanye namatshe amatshe ngenani lama-20% wenani lomhlaba owumbiwe. Ukuqina kobusika kwethanga kugcinwa ezingeni elifanayo, futhi isikhathi sokuphila sinwetshwa iminyaka engama-20-30.
Ividiyo: Ukuthenwa komqhele weparele wabalimi abasaqala
Isinqumo sethanga yiminyaka yokuqala emithathu yokuphila, lapho umqhele wabo wakhiwa. Iminyaka elandelayo enikelwe ikakhulukazi ukugcina umqhele "ithoni". Izinga lokuthena kanye nempilo yamapheya kuncike kwinqubo efanelekile yokusika, ukuvikelwa kokusikwa, ukuhlanzeka kwamathuluzi nomsebenzi wesikhathi esifanele.
