Kanjani futhi nini ukondla kahle ikhasi

Umuthi wethanga udinga ukulungiswa njalo, kuphela kulokhu kuzokhula kahle, kuthuthukise futhi kuthele izithelo. Ukuthambisa kungenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi siko. Ubungako nokwakheka komanyolo, kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa kwabo kuncike esikhathini sonyaka kanye nesigaba sezimila zezitshalo. Ukuthobela kuphela imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule umuthi onempilo futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu sezithelo ezisezingeni.

Izinhlobo eziphambili zomanyolo wokondla amapheya

Imvamisa, abalimi bathanda ukwenza ngaphandle kwezengezo zamaminerali, bekholelwa ukuthi zingalimaza izitshalo nempilo yabantu. Kepha uma kungekho kulawula inani lamanyolo we-organic asetshenzisiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngeke kube yingozi njengokusetshenziswa kwama-agrochemicals. Uma unamathela ngokuqinile kumthamo onconyiwe, khona-ke amakhemikhali amaminerali kwezinye izimo azoletha izinzuzo eziningi kune-organic.

I-nitrogen

Izithasiselo zeNitrogen zeparele zethulwa entwasahlobo, ukuze umuthi ube nesikhathi sokukhula umqhele oqabulayo futhi onempilo, futhi ehlobo wokufaka umanyolo - ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-ovari wezithelo. Ukushoda kwalesi sihlahla esihlahleni kufaka i-aphuzi ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokuwa kwamaqabunga. Akukho ukulimala okuncane okubangelwa ukwethulwa kwemithamo eyengeziwe yale nto:

• ukukhula okwandayo kwamahlumela amancane, kuyilapho onke amandla esitshalo kufanele ahambe athele izithelo;
• ukunqwabelana ngezithelo zesamba esandisiwe sama-nitrate;
• ukushisa izimpande.

Lapho usuthisa lamapheya, umanyolo we-nitrogen kumele usetshenziswe ngokuqinile ngokwemiyalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• urea
• ammonium nitrate;
• ammonium sulfate;
• sodium nitrate (sodium nitrate).

I-Urea ngumanyolo we-nitrogen ohlanganisiwe, yingakho uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokwelapha ukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ezitshalweni.

I-Urea isetshenziselwa ukuvikela nokwelapha ukuswelakala kwe-nitrogen.

Iphosphorus

Emvelweni, phosphorus akutholakali ngendlela efinyeleleka ezitshalweni. Ngaphandle kwalesi sakhi, bamunca kabi i-nitrogen; ukukhula okuhle nokukhula kwezimpande, ukuqhakaza nezithelo zesihlahla akunakwenzeka.

Kumanyolo we-organic - umquba, amaconsi ezinyoni - i-phosphorus nayo incane kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi zamaminerali phosphorus zokuzigqokisa ngezimpande nokugqokisa okuphezulu.

Ngokufaka umquba wamapheya, kunconyelwa ukungeza i-superphosphate elula noma kabili, kanye nedwala le-phosphate.

Umanyolo wamaminerali we phosphorus aqukethe i-phosphorus ngendlela yokugaya kalula yizitshalo

Potassium

I-Potassium idingeka kakhulu kumapheya amasha ukuze kukhule kahle nentuthuko. Ezihlahleni zabantu abadala, lesi sakhi sithuthukisa ukungatheleleki, sisiza ekusindeni isomiso sasehlobo kanye nesithwathwa sasebusika, futhi sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yezithelo.

Njengemvunulo ephezulu yezimpande, ipotassium isetshenziswa ekwindla, ukuze ngentwasahlobo umanyolo uzobola ngokuphelele enhlabathini, futhi izotholakala ezitshalweni. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengengxenye yokugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar phosphorus-potassium top ehlobo. Umanyolo wePotash onconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa (ukuxubana komanyolo wohlobo olulodwa) kukhona i-potassium sulfate, usawoti we-potassium.

I-potassium sulfate ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuthambisa amapharele.

Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi

Izakhi eziyinhloko (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium) zingafakwa ngendlela yokwakheka kwengxenye eyodwa, ebechazwe ngenhla, kepha kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi owenziwe ngomumo:

• nitroammophosco;
• nitrophosco;
• ammophos;
• diammophos.

Zingahlanganisa i-magnesium nesibabule, kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokulandela umkhondo.

Ukufafaza kwentwasahlobo ngomqhele ngamanyolo anzima kuvuselela ukukhula kwezihlahla zezithelo, kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, kuthuthukisa ukwenziwa izithelo. Isetshenziselwa ukondla izihlahla ezincane nezindala.

Igalari yezithombe: umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi

Umanyolo we-organic

Umanyolo we-Organic - umkhiqizo wemvelo womsebenzi obalulekile wezinto eziphilayo, ucebile ngezakhi zomzimba ngendlela yokugaya izitshalo kalula. Zithinta futhi inhlabathi ngokunenzuzo, ziguqule isakhiwo sazo futhi zisebenze ukusebenza kwamagciwane.

Kubalimi abanolwazi, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi amapheya akhetha umanyolo we-organic.

Umquba kanye ne-humus

Umquba ngumanyolo ophelele we-organic oqukethe zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo kwisitshalo. I-Amoniya ihlala ikhona kuleyo nto entsha, ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kwayo enhlabathini kungazilimaza izimpande zesihlahla, ikakhulukazi ngamapheya amancane eneminyaka emithathu.

Akunakusho ukuthi ngeke kulethwe ngaphansi komquba omusha wesitshalo, kubolile kuphela.

//derevoved.com/udobrenie-i-podkormka-sada

Kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-2-3 ukuguqula umquba omusha ube ngubo ephezulu esezingeni eliphezulu. I-humus ilungile ngamapheya. Ngokuya ngezici zenhlabathi, inani lomanyolo elisetshenzisiwe lingaba ngu-6-10 kg / m².

I-humus iqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezidingekayo kulesi sitshalo

Izinyoni ezilahlayo

Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen njengezinyoni zokulwa kungeniswa kuphela entwasahlobo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla, kuvundiswa inhlabathi kusiyingi esisondelene nesiqu. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umanyolo omusha ongafakiwe ungashisa izimpande.

Ukuze kungalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zesihlahla, ukuphonsa inkukhu kuvuthiswa kuqala:

1. Cishe ama-1-1,5 kg wezinkukhu ezomile afakwa emgqonyeni wamalitha ayishumi.
2. Kufakwa amanzi ayi-3-4.
3. Shiya izinsuku ezingama-1-2 ukuvutshelwa.
4. Faka amanzi emaphethelweni bese uhlanganisa kahle.

Ukugqoka okunjalo phezulu ngeke kulimaze izimpande zezihlahla engadini yakho.

Uma igcinwe ngendlela engafanele, i-nitrogen kudoti omusha uphenduka i-ammonia, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa udoti owomile, i-nitrogen igcinwe ngokuphelele kuyo.

Umanyolo owomile ungafakwa ngokushesha uma uwufaka emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-20: 20.

Amaconsi enkukhu akufanele afakwe emhlabathini emisha.

Umlotha wezinkuni

I-Ash ingumanyolo obalulekile ohlanganisa i-acidity yenhlabathi, ungene esikhundleni sobuhlakani be-potash. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe izinto eziningi ezincane nezinkulu:

• calcium
• i-magnesium
• insimbi
• isibabule;
• zinc.

Ingilazi eyodwa yomlotha ithatha indawo ye-10 g yanoma yimuphi umanyolo we-potash. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa into, umphumela omuhle ezitshalweni uhlala iminyaka emi-3.

Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zomlotha, umphumela omuhle ezitshalweni uhlala kuze kube seminyakeni engu-3

Amapheya okondla entwasahlobo-ehlobo

Isikimu esijwayelekile sokugqoka okuphezulu entwasahlobo-ehlobo sifaka izimpande ezi-3 nezingu-2 zokugqoka eziphezulu:

• intwasahlobo yokuqala - ngokuqala kokuvuka kwezinso;
• intwasahlobo yesibili - esigabeni sezimbali;
• intwasahlobo yesithathu - ngemuva kokuwa kwama-inflorescence;
• ukugqokwa kwefoliar ephezulu ehlobo - ehlobo ngasekupheleni kukaJuni;
• ukugqoka kwe-foliar yesibili ephezulu ehlobo - ngoJulayi.

Umanyolo wasentwasahlobo

Entwasahlobo, lapho nje amaqabunga eqabile ezihlahleni, kungakuhle ukuthi uzondle.

Kokugqokwa kokuqala kwentwasahlobo kathathu kwe-pearl, kusetshenziswa i-nitrogen-aqukethe i-nitrogen enomphumela omuhle ekukhuleni kwesihlahla:

• ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, i-nitrogen isiza ekwakheni umqhele omuhle;
• ekugqokeni kwesibili okuphezulu - kusiza ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence, lapho isivuno sesikhathi esizayo sincike khona;
• ekugqokeni kwesithathu okuphezulu - kuvimbela ukuwa kwamaqanda futhi kuvuse ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo ezisezingeni.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo kwethanga kwenziwa kuphela ngendlela yezimpande.

Umvundisi ufakwa ezihlahleni zabantu abadala ezifufweni ezinobukhulu obuyi-20-30 cm, ezenziwa eceleni komqhele, emva kwalokho umbuthano wesiqu uniselwa kakhulu. Umanyolo we-Liquid ubuye ungeniswe egungwini, ulandelwe ngokunisela.

Ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, umbuthano wesiqu sethi uyaniselwa

Kuwo wonke ukugqoka kwezimpande okwenziwa entwasahlobo, ungasebenzisa eyodwa yezingoma eziphakanyisiwe:

• I-200 g ye-urea / 10 l yamanzi wamapharele abantu abadala aba-2;
• I-30 g ye-ammonium nitrate / 10 l yamanzi ngamapharele ayi-2;
• I-500 g ye-bird droppings / 10 l yamanzi - gcizelela ngosuku bese uthela ama-5 l kukapende oyi-1;
• I-80-120 g ye-urea (urea) / 5 l yamanzi, galela amanzi isihlahla esisodwa;
• i-humus ingeniswa embuthanweni we-trunk wokumba ngesilinganiso se-3-5 kg ​​nge-1 m².

Ekugqokeni kokuqala kwentwasahlobo ezimbili, umquba wamaminerali olula nge-nitrogen usetshenziswa kaningi. Egqokeni lesithathu eliphakeme, elenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphela kwesigaba sokuqhakaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo onzima, ngokwesibonelo, ama-50 g we-nitroammophoski / 10 l wamanzi nge-1 m² yesendlalelo sesiqu - cishe ama-30 l ngeparele eli-1.

Umanyolo we-organic usetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3, umanyolo wamaminerali ungasetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka.

Ukondla i-pearl encane, kufaka phakathi ingane eneminyaka engu-3

Eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuphila, iparele encane, njengomthetho, ayivundiswa, ngoba zonke izinto ezidingekayo zabekwa ngesikhathi sokutshala. Ukuzondla kuqala eminyakeni yobudala emithathu kuphela i-nitrogen, amaminerali noma i-organic:

• Umanyolo weNitrogen nitrogen usetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ngentwasahlobo, zilethwa ngqo kwindilinga yesiqu, ngemuva kokumba inhlabathi ngokujula kuka-10 cm, ezungeze isiqu somhlabathi uthukululwe wajula ngo-5 cm cm, ukuze kungalimali izimpande. Emva kwalokho, isihlahla siniselwa kakhulu.
• Izinto eziphilayo - i-humus noma umquba - zilethwa kumbuthano osondelene nesiqu, umboza isihlahla ngesendlalelo esingamasentimitha angama-3-4.

Imvamisa, kwimiyalo ye-agrochemicals yamaminerali, ukubalwa kunikezwa nge-1 m². Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lwempande lukapende eneminyaka yobudala engama-2-2 lufinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-5, kanti esihlahleni seminyaka engu-6 - 10 m².

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/#i-3

Kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu ubudala, iparele londliwa njengomuthi omdala.

Ividiyo: ukondla ithini lamapheya entwasahlobo

Ukugqoka kwehlobo

Ukuqinisekisa ukondleka okufanele kwethanga ehlobo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukugqoka okuningi. Izinhlobo zokuqala nokuaphakathi kokuvuthwa ziqala ukondla eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJuni, bese kuthi ngoJulayi, kuthi kamuva - ezinsukwini eziyi-15 kamuva.

Ukugqokwa kwehlobo kwephezulu kwehlobo kwenziwa ngendlela eqondile. Ukufafaza amahlamvu kukhuthaza ukumuncwa ngokushesha kwezakhamzimba kunokugqoka okuphezulu kwendabuko.

Ehlobo, kuphekelwa ukudla okwenziwe ngezinongo.

Uma ihlobo lagcina selibanda, ukufafaza kuzosilungisa naleso simo. Kumazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka + 12 ° C, uhlelo lwezimpande olubucayi lwetha izakhi zomzimba kancane. Inqubo efanayo yenzeka lapho umswakama ugwinyeka ehlobo elinemvula ngokweqile.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu

Ekugqokeni kokuqala kwehlobo, izinto ezicebile nitrogen ziyasiza. Imvamisa, isisombululo se-urea sisetshenziselwa lokhu. Akugcini ngokwondla isihlahla nge-nitrogen, kodwa futhi kuqinisa amasosha omzimba, ukuvikela izifo eziningi nezinambuzane.

Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu ehlobo akwenziwa kungaphelanga izinsuku eziyi-15 ngemuva kokugqokwa kokugcina. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kwezithelo kwenzeka, okuhambisana nesidingo sesitshalo se-potassium ne-phosphorus. Lezi zinto zibhekene nosayizi, okuqukethwe ushukela kanye nesikhathi sokugcinwa kwezithelo. Ukuze ugcwalise kabusha, sebenzisa omunye womanyolo:

• potassium sulfate;
• phosphorite ufulawa;
• superphosphate.

Amanyolo we-phosphoric asetshenziswa ndawonye kanye nomanyolo we-potash, ngokwesibonelo, i-potassium sulfate. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwenziwa umanyolo oqukethe izinto zokulandela umkhondo:

• i-boron;
• i-magnesium
• ithusi
• i-zinc;
• insimbi nabanye

Esikhathini sehlobo, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sezihlahla engadini - ukukhula kwamahlumela, ubungako kanye nesimo sezithelo, ukubonakala kwecembe leqabunga, njll. Noma yiluphi ushintsho lungahanjiswa ngokuntuleka kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo, kulokhu, zidluliswa ngokushesha ngamakhompiyutha adingekayo.

Ithebula: Izimpawu zangaphandle zokuntuleka kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements ekondleni kwamapheya

Izihlahla zifafazwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa ngesimo sezulu esomile nesomile. Njengoba izixazululo ezinokuqoqwa okuningana kukamanyolo zisetshenziswa, zinomphumela omfushane. Ukufeza umphumela owufunayo, udinga ukufeza ukugqoka okungu-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10.

Ithebula: umthamo womanyolo wamapheya wokudla okusanhlamvu

Ukwehla noma ukusweleka kwezinto ezithile kungadala isifo esibi sethanga, ngakho-ke ukondleka kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo kufanele kube nokulinganisela.

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokufafaza, ngaphambi noma ngokushesha nje kwenqubo, umuthi uthululwa kahle ngamanzi.

Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-Autumn

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukugqokwa phezulu kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiswe izakhi ezidliwayo phakathi kokukhula kwezimila, kanye nokwandisa ubusika besihlahla. Isikhathi esihle kunazo zonke sisukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Inani lomanyolo elisetshenziswe ngqo lihambisana nobudala besihlahla nokukhula kohlelo lwezimpande.

Inkomba yokugqokwa kwephezulu ekwindla ungaba ophuzi wamahlamvu. Uma umqhele 1/3 uphenduka ophuzi, manje sekuyisikhathi sokufaka isicelo somanyolo.

//plodorod.net/rasteniya/chem-podkarmlivat-grushu/

Ngalesi sikhathi, umanyolo we-nitrogen awubandakanywa, kufaka phakathi i-organic - umquba, umquba noma i-Peat.

Lapho usuthisa amapheya ekwindla, kusetshenziswa umanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ukwakheka kwengxube yezimbiwa ekwindla kugaywe kungama-30 g we-granular superphosphate / 15 g we-potassium chloride / 150 ml yokhuni lomlotha nge-1 m².

Inqubo

1. Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo eliphakathi kwethanga, inhlabathi ithululelwa kakhulu ngamanzi - ama-20 l (amabhakede amabili) amanzi nge-1 m².
   

   Ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo isihlahla siniselwa ngamanzi

2. Ama-fertilizer afakwa endaweni yombuthano osondelene nendawo yokubumba noma ukufaka ama-grooves ajule ngokumba okungaba ngu-20-30 cm ezungeze uzungu lomqhele.
3. Umbuthano wesiqu sithi uniselwa kakhulu.
4. Emhlabathini ompofu, ongenamaqhubu, umbuthano wesiqu ufakwe nge-peat ne-humus, uthathwe ngokulingana. Ungqimba lwe-mulch kufanele okungenani lube ngu-15-20 cm, ebusika luzovikela uhlelo lwezimpande lwethanga ekubandisweni.
   

   Emhlabathini ophelelwe yi-humus, umbuthano wesiqu somusika ubusika uhlanganisiwe ukuphakama okufika ku-20 cm

Lapho ulungiselela ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-liquid, umlotha wezinkuni awuhlanganisiwe: i-superphosphate ngosawoti we-potassium iyachithwa ku-10 l wamanzi bese ingeniswa kuma-grooves alungiselelwe. Umlotha owomile wokhuni ubanjiswa endaweni yombuthano wesiqu kuze kufike ku-20 cm.

Ukuhlola umswakama wenhlabathi kulula. Uma umhlaba, ucindezelwe entendeni yesandla sakho, uphenduka ikhekhe, kukhona umswakama owanele wesitshalo.

Ukudla ngendlela efanele okwenziwa njalo kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule umuthi onempilo futhi minyaka yonke uthola isivuno sezithelo ezimnandi zeparele.