Pear Moskvichka: "into encane yedolobha"

I-pear ngesinye sezitshalo ezindala zezithelo. Isintu sidale izinkulungwane zezinhlobo zalesi sihlahla. Kunzima ukuzulazula olwandle olunjalo lolwazi. Izinhlobonhlobo Moskvichka kungenye yezinto ezivame kakhulu eCentral Russia, ikakhulukazi eMoscow naseSifundeni SaseMoscow. Mazi kangcono.

Incazelo yebanga

Kutholwe ngonyaka we-1979 eMosical Agricultural Academy ngendlela yokuqotelwa kwamahhala kweparele laseMelika elidala lezinhlobonhlobo ze-Kiffer. UMuscovite udlula umzali ngokunambitha kwezithelo nobulukhuni bobusika, wamukela kuye ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukukhiqiza, ukuvuthwa kwekwindla. Le nhlanganisela yafakwa kwiRegional State ngo-2001 yaze yahanjiswa ezifundeni zaseMiddle Volga, Volga-Vyatka naseCentral Central. Kusakazwa kabanzi eMoscow naseMoscow.

Ukuvunda kwamahhala kuyindlela yokuzalanisa lapho izithombo zisetshenziswa kusuka ezinhlotsheni zezinhlobonhlobo zabazali, impova ngokukhululekile izinyosi. Le ndlela elula yokukhetha enemiphumela engalindeleki.

Izinhlobonhlobo zinomuthi ojwayelekile ophakathi nendawo omude onomqhele omnyama ocijile, owakhiwa ngamagatsha wamathambo aqinile kanye namagxolo akhanyayo ampunga. Ukukhula kwamahlumela kusemaphakathi. Ngeshwa, akwenzekanga ukuthola emithonjeni - ngaziphi izinhlobo zamahlamvu amaswidi eMoskvichka athela izithelo. Ubusika bunzima bezinhlobonhlobo bujwayelekile, izimbali ziphela. Izinhlobonhlobo zinokungavikeleki okuhle kokugabha nokubola kwezithelo. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala okuphezulu kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zamapheya - ngonyaka wesithathu nowesine ngemuva kokutshala, ungathembela isivuno sokuqala. Amandla wokuzingcolisa awekho. Ama-pollinator amahle kakhulu ama-Muscovites angamaparele ezinhlobonhlobo iLyubimitsa Yakovleva neBerggamot Moscow.

Isikhathi sokusetshenziswa ekwindla se-Pear Muscovite - kuya ngesizini, izithelo zivuthwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Izithelo zokuhlanza zibuthakathaka. Ukukhiqiza kuzinzile, ngokwesilinganiso. Isihlahla esisodwa sikhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angama-35 wezithelo; ngezimboni, isivuno esivamile singama-126,5 c / ha. Izithelo zigcinwa izinsuku ezingama-25-30, futhi ngokusho kweVNIISPK (All-Russian Institute for the Selection of Fruit Crops), kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-80-100 zingagcinwa ku-0 ° C, ukuhanjiswa okuphakathi.

Izithelo zizungezwe ngokuningiliziwe ngobubanzi futhi zibanzi nge-obovate ngosayizi oyindathane. Isisindo esijwayelekile sithelo esisodwa ngamagremu ayi-130. Umbala wesikhumba uma ususiwe uphuzi ngombala ophuzi, onamachashazi amaningi amancane, athiwa angaphansi. Imvamisa kuba nokugqwala okuqinile, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokufiphala, okubonakala kungabonakali. Isikhumba mncane, siminyene, sinamafutha. Inyama imhlophe-ophuzi, omibomvu, onamafutha amancane, omiswe kahle. Ukunambitheka kunoshukela-okumnandi, okumnandi, nephunga eliqinile le-pearl. Isethulo sesithelo sihle kakhulu, inhloso yonke, izinhlobonhlobo zezentengiso.

Umbala wesikhumba we-pearl Muscovite lapho uthathwa ungwephuzi ngombala ophuzi, onamachashazi amancane amancane, athiwa angaphansi

Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo zethanga Moskvichka

Iparele likhula kahle futhi lithele izithelo kakhulu kuphela uma kudaleke izimo ezinhle kulo. Iparele yanoma iluphi uhlobo luzozizwa lungcono endaweni encane eseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga, evikelwe enyakatho noma enyakatho mpumalanga emimoyeni ebandayo. Ukuvikelwa okunjalo kungaba yizihlahla ezinde, uthango noma udonga lwesakhiwo. Kuyadingeka ukutshala i-pearl ebangeni elithile kusuka kule mikhawulo ukuze ingaveli emthunzini ojulile. Iparele lithanda ilanga futhi liqhakaza kuphela ukukhanya okuhle. Ezindaweni ezinomlotshana nasezindaweni ezinendawo eseduze yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, eliphakeme ngeke likhule - linomkhuba omkhulu wokususa impande nesiqu. Umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke futhi ukhishwe. Ngokwakheka, inhlabathi egcwele ama-humus ifaneleka kangcono, enhlabathini olunesihlabathi esibuthakathaka nesihlabathi, ithanga lingatshalwa kuphela ngokutshala imigodi emikhulu (1-1,5 m³) amavolumu agcwele ingxube yezakhamzimba ezivundile. I-acidity yenhlabathi kufanele ibe ku-pH 5.5-6, kungenzeka futhi i-pH 4.2-4.4, kepha kumapheya we-alkaline iyakhathazeka futhi ayikwazi ukukhula. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduze zilandelana kufanele libonwe ngaphakathi kwamamitha angama-4-4,5, futhi phakathi kwemigqa ibanga akumele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5. Ngalesi sikimu sokutshala, kufakwa umoya omncane kanye nokukhanyisela imiqhele yezihlahla, futhi nemibandela izokwakhiwa ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokuvunwa.

Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla eziseduzane zilandelana kufanele libonwe ngaphakathi kwamamitha angama-4-4,5, futhi phakathi kwemigqa ibanga akumele libe ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5

Ezifundeni lapho kutholakala khona iparele laseMoscow, ukutshala kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuphela kwamukelekile. Izihlahla ezitshalwe ekwindla, njengomthetho, azinaso isikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi ziqine - ngenxa yalokho, azikwazi ukusinda ebusika futhi zife. Entwasahlobo, bakhetha isikhathi lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap kungakaqali, kepha inhlabathi isivele isifudumele ngokwanele futhi ama-buds asezoqala ukukhula. Lapho ukutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe sesimweni esomile.

Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.

Izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe zingatshalwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi - kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba

Abalimi abanolwazi musa ukuhlehlisa ukutholwa izithombo kuze entwasahlobo. Bayazi ukuthi ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu kokutshala kusekupheleni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo zembewu zimba kakhulu izithombo ezithengiswayo, futhi entwasahlobo zizothengisa okusele ekwindla. Izindlela eziphambili zokukhetha isithombo yisikhathi kanye nesimo sohlelo lwezimpande. Iminyaka enconyelwe unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili. Eminyakeni yobudala, izihlahla ziba nezimpande ezimbi futhi kamuva zithele izithelo. Lo mthetho awusebenzi kuzithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe. Izimpande ze-Sapling kufanele zithuthukiswe kahle, ngaphandle kweziqu kanye nezigaxa. Ezihlahleni nasegatsheni, amagxolo kufanele abushelelezi, abe nempilo, ngaphandle kokuqhekeka nomonakalo.

Uhlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo luyothuthukiswa kahle, ngaphandle kweziqu kanye nezigaxa

Ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo, isithombo kufanele simbiwe engadini ukuze sigcinwe kahle. Le nqubo elula kanje:

1. Bumba umgodi omncane emhlabathini cishe amamitha ayi-0,3-0,4 metres ukujula.
2. Ingqimba yesihlabathi ithululelwa ngaphansi.
3. Izimpande zesithombo zifakwe kwisisombululo se-mullein nobumba ngokuhambisana no-ukhilimu omuncu onsomi (lowo obizwa ngokuthi isikhulumi) bese womiswa kancane. Ukuhlanganiswa okunjalo kuzovikela izimpande ukuthi zingoma.
4. Beka izithombo ngokungacabangi. Izimpande zibekwa esihlabathini, kuthi phezulu ibekwe emaphethelweni womgodi.
5. Zigcwalisa izimpande ngesihlabathi futhi ziyinkcenkceshele.
6. Lapho kufika amakhaza, agcwalisa umgodi ngomhlaba aze ashiye phezulu, kusale kuphela isihlahla phezulu.
   

   Ukugoqeka ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo kufanele kuthelwe engadini ukuze igcinwe kahle.

Ungagcina futhi yisithombo esendlini engaphansi kwesilinganiso sokushisa esingu-0 kuya ku-5,5 C, ukudala indawo enomswakama yezimpande.

Umgodi wokugibela nawo kufanele ulungiselelwe ekwindla. Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile futhi kufanele sithathwe ngokungathi sína. Vele, uma ukufakwa kwenziwa emhlabathini omnyama ocebile nge-humus, khona-ke impikiswano yekhwalithi yomgodi wokufika ayifanele. Kepha njengomthetho, izimo ezinjalo azivamile. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwenza lokhu:

1. Bumba umgodi amasentimitha angama-70-80 ukujula. Ububanzi bungaba amasentimitha angama-80-100. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, lawo masayizi enziwa makhulu ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Uma izingqimba ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi zivundile - zingabekwa eceleni ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo.
2. Emhlabathini osindayo, kufanele kunikezwe amanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungqimba we-rubble, i-gravel noma isitini esaphukile uthululwa phansi komgodi. Ubukhulu bengqimba - amasentimitha ayi-10-15. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, esikhundleni sokudonswa kwamanzi, kubekwa ungqimba lobumba ukuze luthathe amanzi.
3. Lungiselela ingxube yezakhi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-chernozem (ungasebenzisa inhlabathi evundile, ebekwe lapho ugaya umgodi), i-peat, humus nesihlabathi. Lezi zingxenye zithathwa ezingxenyeni ezicishe zilingane. Ngemuva kwalokho engeza amagremu angama-300-400 we-superphosphate, amalitha ama-3-4 womlotha wokhuni uhlanganise kahle.
4. Zigcwalisa umgodi ngenhlanganisela yezakhi phezulu bese ziyimboza ngophahla noma ngefilimu ukuze amanzi ancibilike angahlambi izakhi.
   

   Umgodi ugcwele ingxube yezakhi phezulu

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokutshala i-Moskvichka eliphakathi kwethanga

Lapho isikhathi sifika, baqala ukutshala iparele:

1. Isithombo sithathwa endaweni yokugcina bese ihlolwa. Uma kunezimpande ezonakele nezomile - zisike.
2. Emahoreni ambalwa, izimpande emanzini zifakwe emanzini ngokufakwa kweHeteroauxin, iKornevin, i-Epin noma enye isivuseleli sokukhula nokwakhiwa kwezimpande.
3. Vula umgodi wokungena bese uthatha ingxenye yenhlabathi kuwo ukuze kwakhiwe umgodi osayizi owanele maphakathi nendawo ukubeka uhlelo lwezimpande kuyo.
4. Amasentimitha ayi-10-12 ukusuka enkabeni bashayela isigxobo sokhuni (ungasebenzisa ipayipi lensimbi noma induku) ukuphakama okulingana nemitha eyodwa ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlaba.
5. Kuthululelwa indunduma yobumba bese kubekwa isithombo kuyo, ibeke intamo yezimpande phezulu, bese izimpande ziqonde eduze nemithambeka.
6. Ngemuva kwalokho bagcwalisa imbobo ngengxube ethathwe yezakhi phezulu, ngenkathi bezama ukufuqa ngamatshe.
7. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa emuva nokuphamba, intamo yezimpande yesithombo kufanele ibe ngu-3-5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Esikhathini esizayo, ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi izozinza futhi nentamo yezimpande iyehlehle ifinyelele ezingeni lomhlabathi - yilokhu okudingekayo.
   

   Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlabathi
8. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwakha umbuthano oseduze, ukhipha roller yobumba nge-chopper noma umsiki wendiza kanye nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika.
9. Bopha isiqu sesihlahla esikhonkwaneni ngezinto ezinwebekayo ngokuthi "ayisishiyagalombili."
10. Amanzisa inhlabathi kahle ukuze ihambisane kahle nezimpande futhi akukho sisekelo somoya esisele kuwo.
    

    Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziwumunise kahle umhlabathi ukuze uhambisane kahle nezimpande futhi azikho izidalwa zomoya ezisele kuwo.

11. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lapho inhlabathi yomile, iyakhululwa futhi ifakwe ngotshani, i-humus, sawdust ebolile, njll.
12. Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywa waba ngamasentimitha angama-60-80, futhi amagatsha ancishiswa ngesigamu.

Izici zokutshala nobuqili bezokunakekelwa

Vele, ukuze ukhule noma yisiphi isihlahla, kudingeka wenze umzamo. I-Pear Moskvichka ayidingi ukushiya okuthile okumangazayo. Ukuze kulinywe, kwanele ukuba nolwazi olujwayelekile lobuchwepheshe bezolimo kwezilimo zezithelo.

Ukunisela

Lesi sigaba esibalulekile sokunakekelwa kwe-pearl siqukethe ukuthambisa okujwayelekile, ukuqinisekisa umswakama womhlabathi ohlala njalo endaweni yezimpande. Ukunisela kuvame ukuqalwa entwasahlobo uma imvula ingekho kaningi ngokwanele ngalesi sikhathi. Njengomthetho, iparele liniselwa kuqala ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, bese kuthi phakathi nenkathi yokuphumula kwamaviki ama-3-4. Inani lamanzi asetshenziswa kuleli cala kufanele lanele ukumanzisa inhlabathi yombuthano wesiqu kuze kufike kumasentimitha angama-25-35. Imvamisa, abalimi, bethukulula inhlabathi emva kokunisela kokuqala, bayigcwalise nge-hay, humus, sawdust roted, husk suner, njll. Kamuva, thambisa lesi sihlahla ngesendlalelo salo mulch, ngaphandle kokwembula umhlabathi owengeziwe. Kuyinto elula, konga isikhathi nomzamo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho udinga ukubheka isimo se-mulch, ngoba ingaqoqa ama-slgs, amagraphic nezinye izinambuzane. Lapho sebetholile, kufanele baqoqwe futhi babhujiswe. Kungcono ukukhulula umbuthano wesiqu ku-mulch bese uyomisa. Ukuchelela okulandelayo, ungaqala kabusha ngo-mulching. Ungakhohlwa ukuthambekela kwethanga ukushintshanisa izimpande nesiqu, kufanele uwavikele nge-roller yobumba ekuxhumaneni ngqo namanzi lapho unisela.

Inhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela ifakwe emanzini

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Isigaba sokunakekelwa esibaluleke ngokulinganayo ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uma i-pearl ingenakho ukudla okwanele noma amanzi, imane nje ilahle ama-ovari noma izithelo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ngemuva kokutshala (kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, kusekhona umsoco owanele obekwe emgodini wokutshala), baqala ukufaka isicelo somanyolo owengeziwe.

Ithebula: nini futhi kanjani ukufaka umanyolo ipheya

Ukuncipha

Lesi yisinyathelo sesithathu, kodwa hhayi esincane, isinyathelo sokunakekelwa kwe-pearl.

Ukwakheka komqhele we peari Muscovite

Ngenxa yokuphakama kwesihlahla, kungcono ukwakha umqhele weMuscovite njengesitsha esithuthukisiwe. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ukhanyise kangcono ingaphakathi lomqhele futhi udale umoya omncane. Futhi ukunakekelwa nokuvunwa kuyenziwa. Ukuze wenze ukwakheka okunjalo kulula ukwedlula i-sparse-tier. Ngisho umlimi oqala ukwenza lokhu angakwenza lokhu uma elandela imiyalo elandelayo:

1. Sikukhumbuza ukuthi isinyathelo sokuqala sokubumba senziwa lapho utshala isithombo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
2. Iminyaka engu-1-2 ngemuva kokutshala, entwasahlobo yokuqala ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwesiphu, amagatsha aqinile ayi-3-4 akhethwa esiqwini. Kufanele zivele komunye nomunye kubude bamasentimitha ayi-15-20 futhi zikhule ngezindlela ezihlukile. La magatsha ayoba amathambo. Zisikwe engxenyeni yesithathu yobude.
3. Wonke amagatsha asele asikwa "abe yindandatho."
4. Umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywe ngenhla kwesisekelo segatsha lamathambo elingenhla.
5. Ngemuva komunye unyaka owodwa noma emibili, lapho amagatsha e-skeletal eqala ukukhula, kufanele ukhethe amagatsha amabili e-oda lesibili ngakunye kuwo. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-50-60. Bafinyezwa ngo-50%, kuthi amagatsha asele akhule emathanjeni asuswe ngendlela efanayo "kwindandatho."
6. Kweminye iminyaka, ubude bamagatsha bunakekelwa cishe ngezinga elifanayo. Omunye wabo akufanele avunyelwe ukuphatha futhi athathe iqhaza lomqhubi ophambili - lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka.
   

   I-Krona Moskvichki ifomu elingcono ngendlela yesitsha esithuthukisiwe

Lungisa ukunqampuna

I-Muscovite ithambekele ekuqineni ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalesi sici, kudinga ukuthothisa umqhele njalo. Ngokunokwenzeka, lokhu kuzodingeka kwenziwe njalo entwasahlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yamagatsha akhula ngaphakathi komqhele iyanqunywa, idale umoya omncane nokukhanya. Kepha kufanele usazi isilinganiso - izihlahla zokuthena ngokweqile zinciphisa ingxenye yesilimo, ngoba izimbali zezimbali nazo zitholakala emagatsheni angaphakathi.

Ividiyo: Indlela ka-Dmitry Reznikov ye-peun pruning

Crop Support

Ukugcina izithelo zisezingeni elifanele, kudingeka ukuthi izihlahla zokusekela zisekele. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okuthe xaxa kwamahlumela amancane, ancishiswa ngamasentimitha angama-5, okuholela ekubonakaleni kwamagatsha akhulayo kuwo. Kungenxa yamagatsha anjalo lapho imbali yezimbali ibekwa khona, enikeza isivuno. Le ndlela elula ilula inika imiphumela emihle, kepha abalimi abanolwazi xaxa basebenzisa indlela ehlukile, eqeda ukufaka amahlumela avundisiwe ngamahlumela wokufaka esikhundleni. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ekutheneni amagilebhisi.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho basebenzisa le ndlela, equkethe ukufaka esikhundleni se amahlumela avundisiwe ngamahlumela wokufaka esikhundleni

Izihlahla zokuhlanzeka

Lolu hlobo olulula lokuthena lubandakanya ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile, onesifo futhi owonakele. Yisebenzise ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngemuva kokumisa ukuphuma kwe-sap. Uma kunesidingo, phinda amanxeba entwasahlobo.

Imithetho Yezitshalo

Le mithetho isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo zetimu. Kufanele zigcinwe ukuze zingalimazi isihlahla.

• Udinga ukusebenzisa kuphela amathuluzi abukhali (ama-secateurs, ama-Delimbers, imimese, amasoseji).
• Lapho wenza umsebenzi, ithuluzi kufanele lihlanzwe ngesisombululo se-1% se-sulfate yethusi (ungasebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide, utshwala, njll.). Akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yamafutha yalokhu - uphethiloli, uphethiloli, i-solvent, njll.
• Ukusika ngokuphelele amagatsha, awukwazi ukushiya amafindo noma i-hemp - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayoba ngumthombo wokutheleleka.
• Lapho ususa amagatsha awugqinsi, udinga ukwenza lokhu ngezingxenye, ngamaqhinga ambalwa.
• Zonke izingxenye zihlanzwa ngommese obukhali futhi zimbozwe nge-var var yengadi. Lo mthetho awukwazi ukusetshenziswa kumagatsha anesilinganiso esingaphansi kwamamilimitha ayishumi.

Lapho ukhetha i-var var engadini, ungahlali kweyodwa efaka uphethiloli noma eminye imikhiqizo yamafutha. Abalimi abanolwazi bakhombisa ukuthi kuyingozi kulesi sitshalo. Kukhona amakhompiyutha asuselwa ku-beewax, i-lanolin nezinye izinto zebhayoloji - kufanele zikhethwe.

Izifo nezinambuzane - abamele abaphambili, izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula

Ukwenza izindlela ezilula zokuvimbela, ungakugwema ukunqotshwa kwazo zonke izifo ezaziwayo nezinambuzane zezihlahla zamaparele.

Izindlela zokuvimbela

Ukwenza njalo ukulondolozwa kokuhlanzeka nokuvimbela engadini kulula kunokulwa nemiphumela yokutheleleka ngefungus noma ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane. Uhlu lwemisebenzi enjalo lubandakanya:

1. Ukugcina ingadi ihlanzekile. Ngemuva kokuphela kokuwa kwamaqabunga, kufanele baqoqe wonke amaqabunga awile, ukhula nokunye imfucumfucu yesitshalo. Akungatshazwa ukuthi kule inqwaba enjalo kuzoba nezinambuzane ezihlalele ubusika, kanye nezinhlamvu zesikhunta. Ngakho-ke, inqwaba enjalo ishiswa ngaphandle kokuzisola, ngenkathi ithola inani elithile lomlotha, okuyi-Umanyolo omuhle kakhulu.
2. Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe ebusika kufanele uhlole amagxolo ezihlahla. Uma kutholakala imifantu nomonakalo, kufanele ihlanzwe bese isikwa ngokhuni olunempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, phatha ngesixazululo esingu-1% se-sulfate yethusi bese uyimboza ngesendlalelo sevar var.
3. Futhi nangaphambi kokushiya ubusika, iziqu kanye namagatsha awugqinsi kwenziwa mhlophe ngekhambi likanyibilikidi elitshekile ngokufakwa kwe-1% yethusi sulfate. Ngenye indlela, sebenzisa amapende wegadi okhethekile athengiswayo. Ukuqhekeka okunjalo kuvikela amagxolo ekushisweni yilanga futhi kuvimbele ukunyakazisa kwezinambuzane.
4. Gaya ngokujulile inhlabathi yemibuthano eseduze, wenze lokhu ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Kulokhu, izinambuzane zasebusika ezivuselelwa ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zenhlabathi kufanele zife ngenxa yokubanda.
5. Ngemuva kwalokho, imiqhele yomhlabathi nesihlahla iphathwa ngesisombululo se-3% se-sulfate yethusi noma i-Bordeaux ingxube. Ukuphathwa okufanayo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
6. Ukuze uvikele amacimbi, izintuthwane, izinsimbi kanye nezinye izinambuzane zingangeni emqheleni, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ibhande lokuzingela elenziwe ngengubo yophahla, ifilimu, umdlandla, njll. Liqiniswa esiqwini sesihlahla.
7. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amakhambi ezibulala zinambuzane ayelashwa. Faka isicelo se-DNOC - kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Eminyakeni esele, kusetshenziswa uNitrafen.
8. Lapho ukuqhakaza kwethanga kuqhuma, ukufafaza kokuzivikela nge-fungicides e-systemic kuqala. Chitha isikhathi sokuthatha amasonto angama-2-3. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukwelashwa okunjalo ngemuva kwezimvula, lapho kunomswakama owandisiwe, okwenza izimo ezithandekayo zesikhunta. Faka izidakamizwa ezinjengeSkor, Horus, Quadrice, Ridomil Gold nezinye. Udinga ukukhumbula ngomlutha wesikhunta ezidakamizweni. Ngemuva kwezindlela ezintathu zokwelashwa ngomuthi owodwa, ukusebenza kwawo kuyancipha, ngakho-ke kufanele kushintshwe.

Izifo ezingaba khona

Njengezinye izilimo zezithelo, amapheya atholakala kakhulu ezifweni zokukhunta. Njengoba kukhonjisiwe encazelweni yezinhlobonhlobo, iMuscovite ayihambisani nokuqothuka kanye nokubola kwezithelo, kepha amathuba okugula awafakiwe. Okokulwela nokuvikela, kusetshenziswa izidakamizwa ezikhonjiswe kuthebula elingenhla.

I-Moniliosis

Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukhunta, okuthi izinhlamvu zalo zivame ukuwela ezimbali emilenzeni yezinyosi ngesikhathi siqoqwa umpe. Kuyacaca ukuthi izimbali zingezokuqala ukuthinteka. Lapho-ke isikhunta sisakazekela amahlumela namaqabunga. Izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo ziyophela futhi zibe mnyama. Ngasohlangothini kubukeka sengathi yi-frostbite noma iyashisa. Ngenxa yalokhu kufana, lesi sifo sathola igama lesibili - ukushiswa kwezindela. Uma kutholakala lezo zimpawu, amahlumela athintekile asikwa kuqala bese abhujiswa. Ngaso leso sikhathi, bathwebula amasentimitha angama-20-30 wokhuni olunempilo - ukhunta selungakwazi ukuhambisa lapho. Ehlobo, ukhunta uthelela izithelo zeparele ngokubola kwezithelo okumpunga. Izithelo ezinjalo ziyavunwa futhi zichithwe.

Ehlobo, i-moniliosis ithinta izithelo zeparele ngokubola okungwevu

Isikali

Isibonakaliso salesi sifo ukuvela kwezindawo ezinemibala yomnqumo emaqabungeni ephepha. Lapho izithelo zithintekile, ifomu lesikhumba elisontekile, isikhumba siqhekeka, inyama iba lukhuni. Izithelo ezinjalo azisakulungeli ukudla. Amaqabunga athintekile nezithelo kufanele ziqoqwe futhi zichithwe.

Lapho kuthinteka izithelo zeparele, ifomu lesikhumba elisontekile, isikhumba siqhekeka, inyama iba lukhuni

I-Soot fungus

Ukuvela kwengubo emnyama, emnyama njengotshani emaqabungeni nasezithelweni zepareti kuwuphawu lwalesi sifo. Kepha imvamisa lokhu kwandulelwa ukuhlaselwa kwe-aphid. Ama-aphid enqubweni yokuphila akhipha uketshezi olunoshukela, oluba yindawo yokuzalanisa ye-soot fungus.

Ukuvela kwenhlanganisela emnyama, enjengentuthu emacembe nezithelo zepareti kuwuphawu lwesikhunta esimanzi

Cishe Izinambuzane

Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuvimbela ezichazwe ngenhla, ukulimala kwezinambuzane kungenzeka kakhulu. Ngokuvimbela nokulawula izinambuzane, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides, isibonelo, i-Decis, i-Fufanon, i-Spark, i-Spark Bio nabanye.

Ama-aphid

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane zilethwa emqheleni yizintuthwane, zona, njengesikhunta esinobuthi, zithanda ukudla izidlo zazo ezimnandi. Ngakho-ke, ukudala izithiyo zezintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane ukuba ziwe emqheleni walesi sihlahla, umlimi uvikela i-pear ekulimaleni kwe-aphid hhayi kuphela.

Izinduna zithwalwa emthini yizintuthwane

Isundu

Izinhlamvu zezinyamazane zovemvane azikwazi ukunqamula esihlahleni uma isiqu sazo zimhlophe qhwa bese kufakwa ibhande lokuzingela kuso. Amacembe asengene kumqhele wezithelo ezihlahleni futhi akhasa kuwo ukuze adle inyama emnene. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukulwa nabo ngeke kusaba nomphumela.

Amacimbi we-codling moth akhutshwa emaqanda abekwe uvemvane enhlabathini

Bhungane

Leli bhungane le-weevil lifihla emhlabathini nasentwasahlobo yokuqala, lapho umhlaba uqala ukufudumala, uphume uphume ukhuphuke ngesigaqa usibekele umqhele (uma ungaphazanyiswa ukuqothuka okumhlophe kanye nebhande lokuzingela). Lapho-ke amabhungane aqala ukudla izimbali nezimbali. Uma umlimi athola izimbali ezinombala ophuzi futhi efihlekile - cishe lokhu, kwakusebenza njengebhungane eliphakathi kwethanga. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho ekuseni izinga lokushisa lomoya lingadluli +5 ° C, amabhungane wezimbali ahlala emagatsheni asesimweni sokuqina. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungamane ubanyakazise ngendwangu noma ifilimu yangaphambili.

Ubusika buqhakaza ubusika enhlabathini nasentwasahlobo yokuqala, lapho umhlabathi uqala ukufudumala, ukhanye uphume ukhuphuke sisiqu sithusi ungene emqheleni

Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga

Futhi iMuscovite yakho imbi kunale, ingenye yezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, futhi ngokobukhulu bezithelo kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezikhula esiFundeni saseMoscow ezingafaniswa.

Natalia, eMoscow

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I-Muscovite ne-tastier futhi enkulu, kepha esivele idlile, futhi hhayi egcinwe isikhathi eside. Ngifuna okumnandi, ekwindla, ukuze kuze kube nguDisemba, ngokwanele!

INinulia, Nizhny Novgorod

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Ngiyayithanda iMuscovite kusuka kamuva, iyakhula phakathi komakhelwane bethu. Bayiqoqa engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, bayayithulula esitezi sesibili futhi ingagcinwa inyanga eyodwa, kepha eyokugcina, isivele iba “ukotini” omncane, futhi okuvuthiwe kukhethwe okumnandi, okunejusi futhi okunomunyu omncane kumnandi.

UGalya-64, uVladimir

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Ngikweluleka ukuthi unake izinhlobo zasekwindla zaseMoskvichka, uwathandile ngempela lamapheya. Ngo-2015, bavuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba ngemuva kukaChizhovskaya noPamyat Yakovlev, kwabonakala sengathi bazogcinwa kahle (bekunganele, wonke umuntu wayidla emavikini angama-2-3). Manje ngine-Muscovite egonyelwe igatsha lamathambo kuChizhovskaya, ngingakusika isiteki.

Tamara St. Petersburg

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Ngiyameseka uTamara. Uma uvuthwa kahle eSt. Petersburg, khona-ke lokhu ukuhlukahluka okuhle kakhulu. Ithanga lami iMouskvichka selikhule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Angijabule ngaye. Amapharele avuthwa kahle njalo ngonyaka, okumnandi, inyama enamafutha, izithelo eziphakathi nezinkulu, ezinhle, zigcinwe kahle - esiqandisini cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuze ugcine, kungcono ukususa izithelo eziluhlaza bese zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kwamanga. Isivuno esikhulu kanye nezilungiselelo ezinhle zezithelo, kepha, ngesivuno esikhulu, izithelo zincane. Phakathi kokushiyeka, ngifuna ukuqaphela ukukhula kwesihlahla okuphezulu nokusuka okubukhali kwama-bitches esiqwini. Lapho wenza isithombo esincane, kufanele unake lokhu. Watshala esinye isihlahla saleli banga lokugoma kwakhe.

I-Vic, i-Zavidovo

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Sawubona Ithanga lami iMoskvichka liyakhula. Uneminyaka eyi-10, uqhakaza kakhulu, uthela izithelo njalo, kuphela le yinkinga, izithelo ezisezweni ezingafundile zifana namazambane ukunambitha, futhi lapho sezivuthiwe, ziba yi-cottony. Akukho-juiciness kubo :(, yize abantu abakhula benhlobonhlobo bethi ipulpiti inejusi! Mhlawumbe kukhona okushodayo?

Yana, esifundeni saseMoscow

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SineMuscovite encane yanikeza izilimo ezinhle, zithutha impova ngeBergam endala (noma yini enye ebizwa ngepheya elinezithelo eziluhlaza eziyindilinga?). Asizange sibheke umbhangqwana wabo. Futhi ithini lamapheya eMoskvichka limnandi ngempela (kimina, bobabili uLada noChizhovskaya ba-tastier)

Natali_R, eMoscow

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Izinhlobonhlobo zethanga leMoskvichka zinezinzuzo eziningana, ngenxa yokuthi lithole ukuthandwa phakathi kwabalimi be-amateur. Ubuye futhi ajabulele inzalo engaphansi kwabalimi abahehwa ukukhiqiza, inkani nokuba nezithelo ezinhle okuthe xaxa. Kunganconywa ukuthi kulinywe, uma kunezimo ezinhle zalokhu.