I-apricot ithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, nokho, kuze kube manje, izinhlobo eziningi zalo muthi zidaliwe, zenzelwe ukukhula ezikhathini ezibandayo. Enye yazo yizinhlobonhlobo ze-Triumph North.
Umlando wokudalwa nokuchazwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-apricot Triumph North
I-Apricot Triumph Northern itholwe ngokuwela i-Krasnoshchekiy eyaziwa kakhulu futhi ihlolwe i-Transbaikal Apricot Northern Early, eyayisebenza njengesitoko. Inhloso yalomsebenzi bekuwukukhulisa ubulukhuni basebusika beKrasnoshchek ngenkathi igcina izimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu. Futhi wazuza ngempumelelo.
Kuqala, kwahluka indlela entsha eningizimu yesifunda soMhlaba oMnyama, kepha yasakazeka ngokushesha kuwo wonke umgwaqo ophakathi nendawo (kufaka phakathi iSifunda saseMoscow neSifunda saseLeningrad), yangena e-Urals futhi yanqoba iSiberia.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinobunzima bezinkuni obusezingeni eliphakeme (-30 ... 35 ° C) nobunzima behlobo obujwayelekile bezimbali eziqhakaza (-28 ° C).
Enye ikhwalithi enhle ngenxa yokukhethwa yileli apricot - ukuphakama kwesihlahla okuphansi. Uma umzali wakhe ngaphandle kokwakheka umqhele angakhula afinyelele kumamitha ayi-12 ngobudala bakhe obuhlonishwayo, khona-ke i-Triumph of the North inomqhele oqinile, oqhakaza ifinyelela ku-4 m ukuphakama.
Izithelo zikhulu, zivame ukuba nesisindo esingu-50-60 g, ziphuzi-orenji ngombala, zibhalwe kancane, zimnandi. Itshe ligxotshwa kalula, umongo umnandi, unephunga le-alimondi, liyadliwa.
Amajikijolo avuthiwe we-apricot ama-Triumph asenyakatho awavuthi izinsuku eziningana
Iqhakaza, njengawo wonke ama-apricots, ekuqaleni konyaka, futhi ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, isivuno sivame ukuvuthwa. Amajikijolo ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile kumagatsha futhi, uma uvuthiwe, ungahlali izinsuku eziningana, okukuvumela ukuba uwasuse esihlahleni ungavunyelwe.
Izinhlobonhlobo zizithela kakhulu futhi azidingi ukuba nomakhelwane abane-pollinators, ngokungangabazeki ezibhekisela ezimfanelweni zayo ezinhle.
Ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nakho kusemandleni akho - umlimi angakwazi ukunambitha amajikijolo okuqala asevele enyakeni we-3-4. Isivuno esikhulu (50-60 kg) sidinga ukulinda iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwesihlahla yiminyaka engama-25, ngokunakekelwa okuhle - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40. Kepha isivuno sama-apricots amadala siyancishiswa, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuthi unakekele ngesikhathi ukuze ungene esikhundleni ngesimo esincane.
Izinhlobonhlobo zinokumelana okuhle kwezifo ezinkulu nezinambuzane, kepha izindlela ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela, ngeke zilimaze.
Ividiyo: I-Apricot Triumph North
Ukunqoba Ukutshala Apricot North
Kuliqiniso, izinhlobonhlobo ze-Triumph ziyi-hardy yasenyakatho, kodwa eminyakeni yokuqala kumele ivikeleke kwisithwathwa, izikhukhula, ekushiseni, kusuka kuma-hares. Kungcono ukukhetha indawo enelanga, ethule, evikelwe enyakatho nasempumalanga nganoma yisiphi isithiyo (udonga lwendlu, uthango, izihlahla ezinde, njll.), Ungavikela isithombo ngesihlangu esakhiwe ngokukhethekile seminyaka yokuqala. I-Apricot ithande umhlabathi oxegayo, onamagciwane amancane noma ongathathi hlangothi.
Ukukhetha kanye nokugcina izithombo
Kungcono ukuthenga i-sapling encane, eneminyaka engu-1-2. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuthenga isithombo ngokuqinisekile sisekwindla. Kulokhu, umlimi uqobo uyolibeka kugcino - lokhu kuzonikeza ukuqiniseka ukuthi izinto zokutshala zigcinwe kahle.
Isitoreji esifanele sezithombo senziwa ngale ndlela:
- Izimpande zigxunyekwe kucezu lobumba ne-mullein.
Ngaphambi kokuthumela ukugcinwa, izimpande zesithombo zicwilisa kufakweni lobumba.
- Songa ngendwangu emanzi noma yokugqekeza.
Izimpande zezithombo ezimbozwe ngendwangu emanzi noma iblak.
- Babekwe esikhwameni sepulasitiki (akufanele ivalwe ngokuqinile). Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola isimo sezimpande - akufanele ngabe somile.
- Yibeke engaphansi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-0 ° C futhi ingabi ngaphezu kuka-5 ° C.
Ungase futhi ugaye i-sapling ebusika. Kulesi simo kuphela uma kufanele kufakelwe okuthile (i-spanbond, utshani, iqhwa, njll.) Futhi kuvikelwe namagundane.
Isikhathi sokufika
Kungcono ukutshala i-apricot ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, kepha uma kunobungozi bokuqandeka kwesithwathwa, kungcono ukuhlehlisa ukutshala kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi ifudumala ifinyelela ku + 5 ... + 10 ° C. Kungaba ukuphela kuka-Ephreli nokuqala kukaMeyi. Kulokhu, izithombo akufanele zikhutshwe endaweni yokugcina umzimba ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze zingavuki ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kufanele avuke esetshaliwe futhi ngokushesha aqale ukuthatha izimpande.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Ukulungiselela umgodi wokufika kufanele kube ekwindla noma entwasahlobo, khona-ke udinga ukwenza lokhu okungenani amaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Inqubo
- Bemba umgodi obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-70-80 nobubanzi obufanayo (kungaba sikwele, akunandaba).
- Ungqimba olukhulu lomhlabathi oluvundile lubekwa eceleni.
- Lapho umgodi usulungile, uthululelwa phansi, unezela:
- Amabhakede ama-3-4 we-humus (angashintshwa ngomquba);
- 2-3 amalitha wokhuni umlotha;
- I-300 g ye-superphosphate.
- Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa nefosholo futhi kumbozwe ifilimu ukuze amanzi angahlambi izakhi.
Ukutshala isithombo
Inqubo yokufika:
- Thola isithombo endaweni yokubeka, uyihlole, ukhulule izimpande, uma kukhona ezonakele, zinciphise ngama-secateurs. Ungacwilisa izimpande ngaphambi kokutshala amahora angama-1-2 emanzini ngokufakwa kwesandisi sezimpande, isibonelo, iKornevin.
- Emgodini, lungisa indunduma kusuka kungxube yezakhi, ibeka isithombo kuyo, ngemuva kokusakaza izimpande bese uyimboza ngomhlaba. Udinga ukulala ungqimba, uthambisa kancane ukuze ungalimazi izimpande. Intamo yezimpande kufanele ijule ngo-3-5 cm, nakule nhlabathi ekhanyayo - ngu-8-12 cm. Ngasikhathi sinye, qiniseka ukuthi indawo yokugoma ayimbozwa, kufanele ibekwe okungenani 5 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba ukuze kugwenywe ukuguga. Uma kunesidingo, isithombo singaboshelwa kusekela.
Uma kunesidingo, isithombo singaboshelwa kusekela
- Yenza umbuthano wesiqu, amanzi kahle, isithombo semifuno Sika isithombo sonyaka owodwa ubudala kude ne-50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini. Uma isithombo sinamagatsha, kufanele sifinyezwe ngo-5-10 cm, singashiyi ama-buds ayi-2 lilinye.
Ungasika isithombo ekuphakameni okungama-50 cm ukusuka emhlabathini
Kuzoba kuhle uma ingane yakho itshala isihlahla nawe. Impela, uzosikhumbula lesi sikhathi esijabulisayo isikhathi eside.
Nikeza ingane yakho ithuba lokubamba iqhaza ekutshaleni i-apricot
Izici zokunakekelwa nokufihlakala kokutshala
Okunhlobonhlobo I-Triumph yasenyakatho ifa njenge-Krasnoshchek ngokuzithoba ekushiyeni, ngakho-ke, umlimi wegadi akabangeli noma iyiphi inkinga ekhethekile. Ngokuyisisekelo, kwehla ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu, nokuthena.
Njengoba i-Triumph North iyinhlobonhlobo ebekezelela isomiso, iniselwa kaningi, futhi uma unenhlanhla nezimvula, lapho-ke ngokuvamile ziyakweqa lokhu kusebenza. Kubalulekile nje ukugcina umbuthano oseduze-we-trunk uvulekile - lokhu kusiza ekuhlinzekeni izimpande nge-oksijini futhi kuvumela isitshalo ukumunca amanzi emvula kahle. Uma isizini selomile, khona-ke i-apricot ayiveliswa kangako, kodwa ngobuningi, kuphela izikhathi ezingama-2-3. Imvamisa benza lokhu:
- entwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuqhakaza;
- ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo;
- ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Ukunisela i-apricot Triumph North kudinga njalo, kodwa kakhulu
Ukunciphisa ukuthambisa kuza nobudala. Ngenkathi umuthi usemncane (kuze kube yiminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala) futhi izimpande azikakhuli ngokwanele, zidinga ukuniselwa njalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile. Ukuhlanganisa ne-hay, ama-sunkser husks, sawdust rotated, njll kusiza kahle kulokhu.
Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala kweningi lomanyolo kwethulwa, khona-ke baqala ukufaka umanyolo endaweni ethile ngonyaka wesine, lapho kuvela izitshalo zokuqala. Zondla kancane - Umanyolo we-organic, njengomquba, i-humus, usetshenziswa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-3-4. Inani lesicelo - 1 ibhakede nge-2 m2 indilinga yesiqu. Minyaka yonke, isihlahla siniselwa entwasahlobo ngamanyolo wezimbiwa ancibilikisiwe emanzini. Ibhokisi lokufanisa le-nitrate ne-0,5 ibhokisi le-potassium monophosphate lingezwa ebhokisini linye lamanzi. Lesi yisimo esijwayelekile 1 m2. Uma inhlabathi isomile, khona-ke ngaphambi kokondla umuthi kufanele uniselwe. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokumba, i-superphosphate isakazeke ebusweni bombuthano wesiqu ngaphambili osulwe ukhula namaqabunga awileyo (1 umdlalo wamabhokisi nge 1 m2).
Izihlahla
Izihlahla kuyingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke yokunakekelwa kwe-apricot eNtshonalanga:
- Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko kwenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi kuqukethe ukususwa kwamagatsha owomile, onesifo futhi onakele, abese eshiswa, ngoba angaqukatha amagciwane noma izibungu zezinambuzane.
- Ukuthenwa kwesondlo kwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye neendawo zokuhlanzeka futhi kunciphise ingxenye eyodwa kuwo wonke amagatsha, ngaphandle kwethambo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela amancane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kwenani lamahlumela ezimbali.
- Ukwenza izihlahla kwenziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala kuze kube yilapho umqhele wakheka ngokuphelele.
Inqubo yokwakha umqhele imi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- Lapho utshala, imbewu yesithombo yonyaka inqunywa cm 30-40 ngaphezu komhlaba. Okungenani okungenani ama-3-4 ukukhula efihlekile kufanele uhlale kuwo, okuvela kuwo amahlumela amasha ngokwindla.
- Ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho ukugeleza kwesixhiba kumisa, noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, wonke amagatsha nomqhubi ophakathi kuncishiswa ngama-30- 40%, futhi umqhubi ophakathi nendawo kufanele abe ngu-30-40 cm ukuphakama kunamagatsha aphezulu.
- Uma kunamagatsha amaningi, khetha kuwo ama-2-3 aqine kakhulu futhi aqukethe elinye ngaphezu kwelinye ngamasentimitha angama-20-30. Futhi kufanele akhule ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngakho kuzokwakhiwa ihlathi lokuqala lamagatsha anamathambo. Amagatsha asele, uma ekhona, "asikwa kukhala indandatho".
- Ngonyaka wesithathu, amagatsha esihlahla sokuqala ancitshiswa okwesithathu bese kwakhiwa ihlathi lesibili. Isimiso siyafana - khetha amagatsha angama-2-3 akhiwe ngaphezulu kwamagatsha esihlahla sokuqala ngesikhawu esifanayo nesiqondisi sokukhula. Zifinqiwe ukuze zibe mfushane kuno magatsha ehlobo lokuqala, futhi umqhubi wesifundo esimaphakathi usikwa 30 cm cm ngaphezu kwazo.
- Ngonyaka wesine, isiqu sesithathu samagatsha wamathambo sakhiwa ngendlela efanayo futhi umqhubi osenkabeni unqunywe ngokuphelele ngaphezulu kwegatsha eliphambili. Ukwenziwa kwesihlahla kuqediwe.
Ukwakheka komqhele we-Apricot kuphelelwa ngonyaka we-4
Ukuthena okudala ukuguga kwenziwa lapho izithelo zomuthi zincipha, futhi ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kucishe kuyeke ukwakha ngaphakathi komqhele.
Ukuthena okudala ukuguga kuyadingeka lapho izithelo zomuthi zincishisiwe
Izifo nezinambuzane ze-apricot nezindlela zokulwa nazo
Ukunqoba kwenyakatho kumelana nezifo eziphambili kanye nezinambuzane ezitholakala kuma-apricots. Kodwa-ke, ungayinaki inkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokuvimbela ezenzelwe zonke izitshalo ezingadini.
Imicimbi enjalo iqukethe lezi zenzo ezilula ezilandelayo:
- Ukuqoqwa kanye nokubhujiswa kwamaqabunga awile. Kungcono ukungayisebenzisi umquba, ngoba cishe uqukethe izinhlamvu zesikhunta, izibungu zezinambuzane, imikhaza, njll. Abaningi babo kungenzeka basinde lapho kwenziwa umquba.
- Ukuthena ngenhlanzeko, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Sika amagatsha agulayo nawomile nawo ayashiswa. Ngenxa yalezi zinyathelo ezi-2, kuzotholakala umanyolo obalulekile - umlotha.
- Ezinye izibungu, amabhungane kanye nemikhaza zifihle ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi yemibuthano yesihlahla-isiqu sobusika, futhi kungahle kube nezikhunta eziningi. Uma ugaya inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasekupheleni kwekwindla, zonke lezi zivakashi ziyovuswa futhi zife ngenxa yesithwathwa.
- Ukuzinyakazisa kwe-Autumn of boles namagatsha wamathambo nge lime kuyovikela ekushisweni kwentwasahlobo, kuzovimba indlela eya emqheleni wezibungu, izimbungulu, izintuthwane, eziphethe ama-aphid ngokwazo emaqabungeni amancane.
- Ukumisa izinambuzane, ukumiswa kwamehlo kukodwa akwanele. Amabhande okuzingela abekwe phansi kweziqu zemithi angasiza ekulweni nawo.
- Ukusikwa kwe-Autumn kweziqu zezinto ezinophahla kungavikela ekulimaleni amagxolo ngama-hares.
- Ezinye izilokazane namagciwane asebusika kule mijondolo yamagxolo esihlahla. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-apricots amadala. Kuyadingeka ukuhlanza izingqimba ezifile zamagxolo futhi uphathe le ndawo ngesixazululo esingu-3% sethusi noma i-iron sulfate. Le nqubo yenziwa kabili - ekwindla sekwephuzile nasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kungekho ukugeleza kwesiqu.
- Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukwelashwa kokuvimbela kwenziwa nge-fungicides (izidakamizwa zezifo zokukhunta) nama-insecticides (insecticides). Kukhona izidakamizwa ezenziwa endaweni yonke ezihlanganisa zombili izinto ezibumbayo nezinambuzane - le yi-DNOC (zingakwazi ukucubungula izitshalo isikhathi esingaphezu kwesingu-1 eminyakeni emi-3), iNitrafen nabanye.
Kungenzeka i-Apricot Disease Triumph North
I-Triumph North imelana nesifo esinjenge cococycosis. I-Moniliosis iyisitha esingenzeka. Imvamisa, ukhula lukhunta, okuyi-ejenti ebangelwa yi-moniliosis, ngesikhathi sezimbali, izinyosi ziqoqa umpe.
Entwasahlobo, i-moniliosis ithinta izimbali, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela
Umlimi ongenalwazi angadida ukushiswa kwamagatsha nge-frostbite noma ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali ngokuphathwa kwentwasahlobo okungafanele ngamakhemikhali.
Uma ehlobo kunezimo ezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta, zingaphinda futhi zizibonakalise, kodwa sekuvele njengokubola kwezithelo, okuthinta amajikijolo. Umehluko ovela kwezinye izinhlobo zokubola kwezithelo ukuhleleka kwesiphithiphithi samachashaza amnyama ebusweni bezithelo.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-moniliosis ezithelo ze-apricot zingamachashazi amnyama
I-Kleasterosporiosis - indawo ebonakalayo eyenziwe kahle. Lesi futhi yisifo fungal esivele ngomswakama ophezulu.
Lapho nje amachashaza ebomvu egcwala ubomvu atholakala emaqabungeni e-apricot, kufanele uqale ngokushesha ukucubungula ngokumelene ne-clastosporosis
Izinambuzane ezingaba khona ze-apricot Triumph North
Kwenzeka ukuthi izinambuzane zihlasela i-apricot, ezingadala ukulimaza okukhulu kwesitshalo futhi zilimaze nesihlahla ngokwaso:
- Weevil. Kusebusika e-bark, amaqabunga awile kanye nemvelo engaphezulu. Entwasahlobo, bavuka, bagibela isiqu futhi banelise ukulamba kwabo. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqanda abekwa enhlabathini, okuvela kuwo izibungu zasehlobo, ondla ezimpandeni ezincane.
Ama-Weevil mabhungane adla amaqabunga, izimbali, amaqanda ama-apricot
- I-Khrushchev. Lezi izibungu zamabhungane, kufaka phakathi izibungu zikaMay, ezidla izimpande ezincane ehlobo ezingxenyeni eziphakeme zenhlabathi.
Ehlobo, iKhrushchev idla izimpande zezihlahla ezincane
- Ama-aphid. Uma amaqabunga eqala ukuncibilika ku-apricot engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo, udinga ukukhipha iqabunga elinjalo bese ulikhulisa. Ngokunokwenzeka, kuzoba khona ama-aphid adla amaqabunga amnandi futhi akhiphe umiyane omnandi izintuthwane ezithanda kakhulu. Ziphethe lezi zinambuzane ezincane emahlombe zazo ziye phezulu komqhele wesihlahla.
Izintuthwane zithwala ama-aphid ku-apricot
Ukubuyekezwa Kwebanga
Ukunqoba kwezinhlobo zasenyakatho kube yimpumelelo kakhulu ngomzila ophakathi nendawo. Ngisho engxenyeni yami esenyakatho yeSifunda saseMoscow, izinhlobonhlobo zibonisa ubulukhuni obuhle kakhulu basebusika bamagatsha wamathambo namahlumela ezithelo asinda -37 kulobusika. Kuqhakaze ngonyaka 3 emva inoculation on the yisithombo on izitshalo nenkani.
Anona
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11652
Ukunambitheka [koMnqando WaseNyakatho] kuhle, usayizi wezithelo ojwayelekile ungama-40 g. Akonakaliswa neze yizifo, kepha ngaphambi kokuba i-moniliosis, yona, njengamanye ama-apricots, ibe namandla. Ushukela wethu uqola kahle. Impela, ekunambithekeni akuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezinhle zaseningizimu, kepha ngomzila ophakathi nendawo muhle kakhulu. Uma ngiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo ezikhula kimi, yikhona okuhamba phambili.
Anona
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11652
Isizukulwane saseKrasnoshchekov esidumile sinqoba izifunda ezisenyakatho nezisempumalanga yeRussia enkulu. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokutshala esimweni sezulu esibuhlungu, lapho kungenqabile khona ukuthi uzihlikihle nge berry emnandi yaseningizimu. Ngakho-ke, i-apricot Triumph North inganconywa kubahlali bendawo ephakathi, i-Urals neSiberia.
