Ikhula kanjani imango? Lo mbuzo mhlawumbe ubuzwe yiwo wonke umuntu ozame okokuqala izithelo ezishisayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo okokuqala. Isitshalo esinezithelo ezinamanzi - owolintshi noma obomvu, onephunga elimnandi futhi elimuncu, omuncu ngaphakathi nangobomvu ngaphandle - sihlahla noma isihlahla? Kuvela kuliphi izwe izithelo ezihanjiswa emashalofini amakhulu? Futhi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kukhule izihlahla zomsila ezigcwele izithelo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ezingapheli - imbewu yezithelo zomango - ekhaya?
Imango - isithelo nezitshalo zokuhlobisa
Imango, noma imbila, kutshalwa njengesitshalo sezithelo nezokuhlobisa. Izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zeMangifera indica (Indian Mango) zingezomndeni weSumakhovy (Anacardium). Zinezimbali ezimnyama ezicwebezelayo (noma ezinombala obomvu) futhi zikhula zibe ngosayizi obukhulu. Kepha ngokuthena okulungile nokujwayelekile kungabumbana impela.
Isihlahla somango esiqhamukayo singumbono ongalibaleki. Ishintshiwe ngama-inflorescence-panicles amakhulu apinki akhipha iphunga elihlukile. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sikhula hhayi nje kuphela ukuthola izithelo, kodwa futhi sisetshenziselwe ukwakheka komhlaba (lapho kuhlotshiswa amapaki, izikwele, iziza zomuntu siqu, izithombo zokugcina izithombo ezizimele, izindawo zokugcina impahla, njll.). Kodwa-ke, inhloso yazo enkulu yokuthumela amazwe, empeleni, kuyinto yezolimo.
Khula umango oluhlaza (wasePhilippines)
Amazwe nezifunda zokukhula
IMangifera ivela ezindaweni ezinomswakama ezinomswakama ze-Assam eNdiya kanye nasehlathini laseMyanmar. Kubhekwa njengengcebo kazwelonke phakathi kwamaNdiya nasePakistan. Ikhula e-Asia esishisayo, entshonalanga neMalaysia, eSolomon Islands nasempumalanga yeMalay Archipelago, eCalifornia (e-USA) nasezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Australia, eCuba naseBali, eCanaries nasePhilippines.
I-India ithathwa njengomthengisi omkhulu kakhulu wemango emhlabeni - minyaka yonke ihlinzeka imakethe ngamathani angaphezu kweziyishumi nantathu nesigamu alezi zithelo. IMango itshalwa eYurophu - eziqhingini zaseCanary naseSpain. Izimo ezinhle zesitshalo - isimo sezulu esishisayo esingenayo imvula eningi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emashalofini ezitolo ezinkulu ungathola umphunga we-mango wemvelaphi yase-Armenia, imbila e-Armenia ayikhuli.
Ungahlangana naye:
- eThailand - isimo sezulu saleli lizwe silungele izitshalo ezishisayo, isikhathi sokuvuna umango sisukela ngo-Ephreli kuze kube nguMeyi, kanti uThais uthanda ukujabulela izithelo ezivuthiwe;
- e-Indonesia, kanye naseBali, isikhathi sokuvuna imango isekwindla-ubusika, ukusuka ngo-Okthoba kuze kube nguJanuwari;
- eVietnam - ebusika-entwasahlobo, kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuMashi;
- eTurkey - i-mangifile ayijwayelekile kakhulu, kepha isikhulile, futhi ivuthwa phakathi noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo;
- eGibhithe - umango uvuthwa kusuka ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngoJuni, kuze kube sekupheleni, kuze kube uSepthemba, uthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe;
- E-Russia - eningizimu yeStavropol naseKrasnodar Territory (Sochi), kepha kunalokho njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa (ukuqhakaza ngoMeyi, futhi kuthela izithelo ngasekupheleni kwehlobo).
Izithelo zomango waseNdiya esihlahleni
Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300, ezinye izinhlobo zazitshalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana edlule. Emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, ungazama imango u-Alfonso, Bauno, Quini, Pajang, Blanco, onephunga elimnandi, onamabhodlela nabanye, eRussia, imango laseNdiya elinomgqomo obomvu, kanti imango yaseNingizimu Asia (Filipino) iluhlaza.
IMangifera ithambekele kakhulu kumakhaza, yingakho ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ingatshalwa kuphela kumagumbi afudumele - izingadi zasebusika, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, izithombo zokugcina izithombo. Izihlahla zidinga ukukhanya okuningi, kepha azidingi inhlabathi enothile.
Ezihlahleni ezincane, noma ukwehla kwesikhashana nje kwezinga lokushisa komoya ngaphansi kuka-degrees Celsius kuzothinta kabi izimbali futhi izithelo zazo ziyafa. Imango yabantu abadala ingakwazi ukubekezelela amafrimu amancane okwesikhathi esifushane.
IVidiyo: Imango likhula kanjani
Umuthi owaphila isikhathi eside
Izihlahla zemango ezi-Shady ezinomqhele obanzi oyindilinga zikhula zibe ngamamitha angamashumi amabili noma ngaphezulu ukuphakama, zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu (uma zinokushisa okwanele nokukhanya, futhi umswakama ungaphakeme kakhulu) futhi ziphila isikhathi eside - kukhona nezinhlobo zeminyaka engamakhulu amathathu emhlabeni ezisezingeni elifanele kangako. uthele izithelo. Ukutholakala kwamanzi kanye namaminerali asebenzayo enhlabathini kulezi zitshalo kunikezwa izimpande ezinde (ezibalulekile), ezikhula ngaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kokujula kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha, noma amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwayishumi.
Imango lihlala liluhlaza futhi linganqabile, lihle kakhulu izihlahla. Zihlobisa unyaka wonke. Amaqabunga emimango evuthiwe ayindilinga, aluhlaza okotshani ngaphezulu, futhi akhanya ngaphansi ngaphansi, kunemisinga ebomvana ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, eminyene futhi ecwebezelayo. Amahlamvu amancane amahlumela anombala obomvu. I-inflorescences ifana namathumbu - ipiramidi - ifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili aphuzi, apinki noma o-orenji, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izimbali ezibomvu ngayinye. Kepha bambalwa kuphela kubo (ngababili noma abathathu nge-inflorescence) aba pollin futhi bathela izithelo. Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezingadingi impova nhlobo.
I-Pyramidal Inflorescence yeMango
Ezimweni lapho umswakama ukhuphuka khona, nenani elikhulu lezulu, i-mangifer ayitheli izithelo. Izithelo aziboshelwa noma lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya (kufaka phakathi ebusuku) lehla ngaphansi kanye nama-degree Celsius ayishumi nambili. Izihlahla zemango ziqala ukuqhakaza futhi zithele izithelo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha emva kokutshala kwazo. Ngokwezimo zokugcina ukushisa noma ekhaya, ungabona izimbali nezithelo zommbila kuphela uma izithombo zithengiwe zalukiswa noma zitshala zodwa. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, gcina imikhondo edingekayo yomswakama kanye nomoya wokushisa, unakekele kahle futhi unquma.
Emazweni lapho kukhula khona imbungulu, kwakha amahlathi emango aphelele futhi kubhekwe njengesilimo esifanayo nesethu, ngokwesibonelo, ukolweni noma ummbila. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo (endle), isitshalo singafinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amathathu, sinobubanzi bomqhele ongafika kumamitha ayisishiyagalombili, amaqabunga aso e-lanceolate akhule afike amasentimitha amane ubude. Izithelo ngemuva kokucoliswa kwezimbali zivuthwe kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu.
Ezimweni zokutshala kuphela lapho izitshalo ezimbili zemvelo zingatholakala khona, izihlahla zemango zasendle zithela izithelo kanye ngonyaka.
Ngakho-ke ama-mangifer aqhakaza
Izithelo zemango
Ukubonakala okungajwayelekile kwezihlahla ze-mangifers kuhlale kudonsela ukunaka kwezivakashi ezihambela amazwe ashisayo okokuqala ngqa. Izithelo zabo zivuthwa amahlumela amade (cishe amashumi ayisithupha amasentimitha) - panicles zangaphambili - ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ngakunye, zinesimo se-oblong (curved, ovoid, flattened), sifinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi amabili nambili ubude kanye namagremu angamakhulu ayisikhombisa.
I-peel yezithelo - ecwebezelayo, efana ne-wax - inombala ngokuya ngohlobo lwesitshalo kanye nezinga lokuvuthwa kwesithelo - ngamathiphu aphuzi aphuzi, owolintshi, abomvu, aluhlaza. Ukulandelela kwezimbali kubonakala emaphethelweni ezithelo. I-peel ibhekwa njengengasebenziseki, njengoba iqukethe izinto ezibangela ukungahambi kahle komzimba.
AmaNdiya kanye nabase-Asia basebenzisa imango emithini yasekhaya - babhekwa njengekhambi elisebenzayo eliyeka ukopha, liqinise izicubu zenhliziyo futhi lithuthukise nomsebenzi wobuchopho. Imango ekhethiwe evuthiwe inendawo ecwebezelayo, ngaphandle kwamabala nokulimazeka (umbala wepende uya ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo), inyama yayo ayilukhuni, kepha futhi ayithambile kakhulu, ijusi, iphunga elimnandi, inesakhiwo esenziwe ngemicu. Izithelo zemango ezingavuthiwe zingakwazi ukugoqwa ngephepha elimnyama le-opaque bese zibekwa endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izovuthwa futhi isilungele ukusetshenziswa.
ENdiya, mang mang adliwa nganoma yiliphi izinga lokuvuthwa. Izithelo zigezwa kahle, zihlukaniswe ngommese kusuka ithambo, zithwetshulwe bese zisikwa zibe izingcezu. Noma basika uhhafu wezithelo ube ngamabhubhu ngqo ku-peel.
Izithelo zemango zigawulwa ngamacube noma izingcezu.
Emndenini wethu wonke umuntu uthanda imango. Siyidla isitsha noma sisebenzisa uginindela wezithelo uhlangana nezinye izithelo ukwenza i-vitamin smoothies noma ama-smoothie, amasoufflés, imousses, ama-puddings, izimpahla ezibhakiwe zasekhaya. Kuvela okumnandi kakhulu. Kumasaladi emango, kuhamba kahle nokudla kwasolwandle kanye nesifuba senkukhu. Kepha angiphumelelanga ukukhulisa isihlahla embewini, yize ngiyizamile kaningana. Iqiniso ngukuthi kwezokuthutha izithelo zezindawo ezishisayo azivuthiwe ngokugcwele, bese imbewu imila kude njalo.
Ngabe ukunambitheka kwemango kunjani
Mhlawumbe ukunambitheka kwemango akunakuqhathaniswa nanoma yikuphi okunye - kukhethekile futhi kuhlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi kunephunga elimnandi, elinoshukela, kwesinye isikhathi kube ne-acidity emnandi neqabulayo. Konke kuya ngesilinganiso sokuvuthwa kwezithelo, izinhlobonhlobo, isifunda sokukhula. Isibonelo, kumango weThai kunephunga elimnandi elikhanyayo. Ukuvumelana kwe-uginindela yazo zonke izithelo kunobukhulu, obudondobele, futhi kukhumbuza nge-apricot, kepha ngokuba khona kwezicucu zezitshalo ezilukhuni. Ngokukhazimula ikhasi lomango, inyama yezithelo izoba mnandi.
Ijusi leMango, uma kwenzeka lithola ngengubo, akugezwa. Ithambo kusuka ku-pulp lihlukaniswe kahle. I-pulp ivikela imbewu yesitshalo (imbewu engaphakathi kwezithelo) emonakalweni. Inoshukela (okuningi kuvuthiwe), isitashi ne-pectin (okuningi kuluhlaza), amavithamini kanye namaminerali, ama-organic acid nokunye okusebenzisekayo.
Imango elingavuthiwe liqukethe amavithamini C amaningi, anambitha omuncu. Imango elivuthiwe limnandi, ngoba liqukethe ushukela omningi (kufika amaphesenti angamashumi amabili), kanye nama-asidi ambalwa (amaphesenti angamaphesenti kuphela).
UMangifera ekhaya
Imango njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ingatshalwa endlini noma efulethini, kodwa hhayi endlini noma egcekeni lasehlobo (uma indawo ingekho esifundeni esinezimo sezulu ezishisayo noma ezishisayo). Ngokuzalela ekhaya thola izinhlobo ezimfushane zemango. Izihlahla zemango nazo ziyaqhuma kusuka kuthambo lesithelo esithengiwe. Kepha izithelo kumele zivuthwe ngokuphelele.
Izithombo ezincane zemango zikhula ekhaya
IMangifera isakazeka ngokuhlwanyela imbewu, nemijovo, nangotshani. Isitshalo esingafakwanga endlini singakwazi ukuqhakaza futhi sithele izithelo, kodwa ngaphandle kwaso sibukeka sijabulisa kakhulu. Ngokulungile, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izithombo ezihlanganisiwe azihlali zithela izithelo ezindaweni zangaphakathi, abamba ukushisa noma abamba ukushisa.
Imango yomdweshu ikhula ngohlobo lwezihlahla eziyinhlanganisela kuze kufike kumitha owodwa nesigamu kuya kumamitha amabili ukuphakama. Uma utshala isitshalo esivamile embewini, lapho-ke kuyodingeka ukwenza ukuthenwa komqhele okuvamile. Ezimweni ezivumayo, le mangvel ikhula kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile idinga ukufakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana kanye ngonyaka, futhi ithenwe kaningi ngonyaka.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okuthe xaxa, kungakuhle ukuthi ufake umanyolo esithelweni, ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo nokukhanyisa okwanele kwemango ekhaya kukhula ngeziqu ezincanyana namaqabunga amancane. Ehlobo, umqhele wesihlahla somango udinga ukufafazwa. Futhi ebusika, beka imbungulu eduze komthombo wokushisa.
Ividiyo: ungayikhulisa kanjani imango kusuka etsheni ekhaya
Imango isihlahla esishisayo esithela izithelo ezimnandi, ezinoshukela, nezinamakha. Ukhula emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele, hhayi eswakeme kakhulu, asibekezeleli isimo sezulu esibandayo. IMangifera nayo ikhule njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ekhaya, kodwa kuyaqabukela iqhakaze futhi ithela izithelo - izihlahla kuphela ezixhunyiwe, futhi zihambisana nemingcele yesimo sezulu esidingekayo.
