Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kwamagilebhisi: ubuchwepheshe kanye nezimpawu zezifunda

Ukuthena kuyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe bezolimo, isigaba esidingekayo ekulimeni kwalesi sitshalo. Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo okulandelwa yi-garter amahlumela kusiza ukwakheka kwemikhono, kulawula ukukhula nokukhula komvini. Njengomphumela walokhu kusebenza, isilinganiso esilinganayo sengxenye yaphezulu nesistimu yezimpande yesihlahla iyakhiwa. Izihlahla kuthanda ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwezitho ezizimele zomvini kanye nezithelo zawo.

Isidingo samagilebhisi okuthena entwasahlobo

Isici esiyisisekelo sesiko lamagilebhisi amandla alo ukuthela izithelo kuphela amahlumela waminyaka yonke (imivini) otshalwe amahlumela eminyaka emibili. Lesi sici sisekelwa ukugawulwa kwamagilebhisi. Izihlahla kuwumsebenzi lapho izingxenye zemifino yesihlahla somvini zisuswa khona ukuze kulawulwe inani kanye nobude bemikhono, imivini ethela izithelo, kanye nomthwalo wesihlahla ngamahlumela wezithelo (amehlo).

Ukuthenwa konyaka kwentwasahlobo kwamagilebhisi, kwenziwa kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanele, kukuvumela ukuthi:

• lungisa ukuthuthukiswa nokukhula kwesihlahla;
• lawula isivuno, usayizi kanye nekhwalithi yamajikijolo;
• vikela amagilebhisi ekwakhiweni kwezifo zokukhunta okubangelwa ukuqina kwesihlahla nokuphefumula okumpofu;
• ihlinzeka lula ekunakekelweni kwamagilebhisi;
• ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezitshalo.

Izinsuku Zokunciphisa

Intwasahlobo ibhekwa njengesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuthena izihlahla zomvini ezincane. Amahlumela amasha akhiwa ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhula, anesikhathi sokukhula aqine, avuselele ukulethwa kwezinkuni zasendle ezingapheli futhi aqinisekise ubusika obuphumelelayo bamagilebhisi.

Amabhishi amadala angenele isikhathi sokuzala anganqunywa kokubili entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezithile (zokumboza noma ezingezimbozi) nesifunda esikhulayo. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuthena kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezitshalo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini yokukhula. Kumagilebhisi wesiko elingasimbozi ukumelana nokuqina kokuqandelwa kwezihlahla, kungakuhle ukuthi uqale ukuthena ekwindla sekwephuzile (amasonto angama-2-3 ngemuva kokuwa kwamaqabunga) bese uqhubeka kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqala ukugeleza kwesihlahla. Umkhawulo wokunquma wehlisa kuphela izinga lokushisa lomoya ngaphansi kwamadigri amahlanu.

Ngokumboza izinhlobo zamagilebhisi, izihlahla zenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili:

1. Okokuqala (ekwindla) - ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo nesiphephelo sezihlahla zobusika. Izihlahla zenziwa emvinini ovuthiwe ukuze kwakhiwe izixhumanisi zezithelo zesitshalo ngonyaka olandelayo.
2. I-main (entwasahlobo) - ngemuva kokuvula izihlahla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngenqubo yokuthena, inani lama-buds wezithelo (amehlo) anqunyelwe.

Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, zonke izingxenye ezilimele zesihlahla, amahlumela abuthakathaka futhi akhula ngamafutha, imikhono yakudala ngaphandle kwemivini yezithelo iyasuswa.

Ividiyo: uzothela nini amagilebhisi, ukhetha imivini ukuyikha

Ubuchwepheshe kwentwasahlobo yezihlahla zomvini

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuthenwa kwamagilebhisi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo:

• izihlahla ukuze zakhe isihlahla - esenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuma-buds angafinyeleleki;
• isiqeshana sezimpande eziluhlaza - sikuvumela ukuthi uguqule umthwalo wesihlahla ngezithelo zomhlume (amehlo) futhi uthuthukise izimo zokuthuthukiswa kwamagilebhisi (ukukhanya nokufaka umoya);
• i-stepsonovka - umsebenzi wokususa (unciphise) amahlumela e-oda lesibili (ama-stepons) ukunciphisa ukukhula komvini okwenzeka kamuva, kwenza ukuthi kulawulwe ukondliwa kwesihlahla ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo;
• ukunqunqa - ukunitha izihloko zezithelo zokuqothula ukuze unciphise ukukhula kwazo futhi kuvikele nokuchithwa kwezimbali (kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi).

Ukuze unikeze kahle isihlahla somvini, udinga ukwazi ukwakheka kwamahlumela ezithelo (imivini). Inhlanganisela iyisici somvini: umcibisholo wezithelo uyifindo lokufakwa esikhundleni elibizwa ngokuthi isixhumanisi sezithelo. Kuthenwa isihlahla kusixhumanisi sezithelo okuyindlela elula futhi ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yamagilebhisi okuthenwa.

U-fig. 1. Ngemuva kokuthena kwentwasahlobo, isixhumanisi sezithelo siqukethe: a - ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni, b - umcibisholo wezithelo. U-fig. 2. Izithombo zemivini zinqunywa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zakha isixhumanisi esisha sezithelo (imicibisholo ikhombisa izingxenye ezisusiwe zamahlumela)

Umcibisholo wezithelo ungumvini osikiwe emehlweni ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili, lapho kwakheka khona isivuno sonyaka olandelayo. Ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni ihlumela lonyaka, elisikwe ngamehlo amabili noma amathathu futhi libekwe ngaphandle maqondana nendawo ephakathi nesihlahla. Ishiywe eduze kwesikhwama esiyinhloko noma isiqu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukusuka kuleli hlonga ngonyaka olandelayo kwenziwa isixhumanisi esisha sezithelo. Uma abacibisheli bezithelo bengathuthuki noma izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi zinesivuno esiphansi, lapho izihlahla, shiya abacibishelayo ababili kanye nefindo elilodwa. Lesi sixhumanisi sezithelo sibizwa ngokuthi siqinisiwe. Umcibisholo othela izithelo usikiwe, uwususa ngesixhumanisi esisha sezithelo.

Okubalulekile: lapho ulungisa ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni, isilayidi kufanele senziwe ngokungagxili ukuze isihloko sendawo esisokiwe singaphandle kwehlumela.

IVidiyo: Amagilebhisi okuthena isixhumanisi sezithelo

Ukuthena isihlahla esisha samagilebhisi

Njengomthetho, amagilebhisi aqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu noma wesine ngemuva kokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokukhula, ungathola isivuno esivele ngonyaka wesibili. Eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine yokuqala, isithombo sisungulwa ngokuwuthena. Ukubaluleka kwalokhu kusebenza ukuthi lapho kwakheka, kubekwa isisekelo sesihlahla esizayo - imikhono yayo, esebenza njengokusekelwa kwamahlumela ezithelo, abaqhubi bamanzi, amaminerali kanye nezinto zepulasitiki nendawo yokuphakelwa kwazo. Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi wokuthena isitshalo esincane, kufanele ufunde ngezinhlobo eziphambili zokwakheka kwamagilebhisi nezimpawu zazo. Ngokuya ngezimo zesimo sezulu zesifunda kanye nohlobo lwamasiko (ukumboza noma okungekho-ukumboza), izinhlobo eziningana zokubunjwa ziyahlukaniswa: okungekona standard, standard, arched (arbor).

Igalari Yezithombe: Izibonelo Zokuklanywa kwama-Vine Bushes

Kwabaqalayo ewayinini, ukwakheka kohlelo lwe-Guyot nesikhwama esingenamikhono esingenamikhono abaningi bayathakazelisa, ngoba elula kakhulu futhi isebenza kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamagilebhisi.

Ukwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi ngokuya ngohlelo lweGuyot

Lolu hlobo lokubumba lusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukumboza izinhlobo, njengoba kulokhu, kulula ukususa imikhono ku-trellis, uwagobe phansi nokhoselo ebusika.

Inqubo yokuthena isihlahla ngokohlelo lukaGuyot imi kanje:

1. Entwasahlobo, imbewu encane yamagilebhisi etshaliwe inqunywa ibe ngu-15-20 cm ukusuka ezingeni lomhlaba, ishiye amahlumela amabili noma amathathu athuthukile kakhulu. Lapho izimo ezinhle zakhiwa ngonyaka wokuqala wezimila, ekwindla 2-2 ithuthukiswe kahle, amahlumela avuthiwe anesilinganiso sobubanzi obuyi-6 mm engxenyeni ephakathi nobude obungaphezu kwe-1 m ukukhula kuwo.
   

   Ekwindla konyaka wokuqala, kwenziwa imikhono emibili yesikhathi esizayo kwisithombo
2. Ekwindla, amahlumela anqunywa: eyodwa ibe ngamahlumela amane, elesibili libe ngamabili. Amahlumela wonyaka wokuqala ayimikhono yesikhathi esizayo sehlahla lamagilebhisi. Izihlahla kufanele zenziwe hhayi eduze kwezinso, kepha zisekela 2 cm cm.Kubusika, amahlumela asuswa ku-trellis futhi ambozwe.
3. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-sapling endaweni yokukhosela, amahlumela aboshwe ngocingo olungaphansi nge-angle yama-degree angama-45, aziqondise ezinhlangothini eziphambene. Amahlumela ayisithupha mpo akhula evela emehlweni ngesikhathi sokukhula. Uma amahlumela emincane (ngaphansi kuka-7 mm ubukhulu), khona-ke wonke amahlumela amane akhethiwe anqunywa aba ngamahlumela amabili noma amathathu. Izicubu ezincanyana zibonisa ukuthi isihlahla asikakulungeli ukwenziwa izithelo. Uma ubukhulu b amahlumela bungaphezu kuka-7 mm, khona-ke ungaqhuba ukuthenwa kwezithelo.
   

   Ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila, izithelo zixhumanisa ifomu kumagatsha amasha amagilebhisi

4. Ekwindla, amahlumela aseduzane nesiqu anqunywa ama-buds ayi-2-3 (lawo azoba amafindo wokufakwa esikhundleni), bese amahlumela akude kakhulu ezonqunyelwa kuma-buds angama-4-7 (le yimicibisholo yezithelo). Ngakho-ke, kutholakala amayunithi amabili ezithelo. Kususwa amahlumela amaningi.
5. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesithathu, imicibisholo yezithelo iboshwe ngokuqondile kwi-trellis wire ephansi. Imivini ethela izithelo ekhula ukusuka emehlweni phakathi nehlobo iboshwe ezintanjeni zesibili nezesithathu, ngokulandelana. Ukuze bangakwazi ukulayisha ngokweqile isihlahla ngamehlo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo bakha ingxenye yabo, beshiya amahlumela amathathu noma amane aphezulu.
   

   Ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu sithola isihlahla esinemikhono emine, silungele ukwenziwa izithelo
6. Ekwindla wonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokuvunwa, imivini ebilikayo inqunywa ngokuphelele. Kumahlumela amabili akhule kulelo elilodwa lezifaniso zokufakwa esikhundleni, kwakhiwa izixhumanisi ezintsha zezithelo. Kulokhu, ihlumela elingaphezulu lidinga ukunqunywa njengomcibisholo wokuqinisa izithelo, bese lona eliphansi - njengefindo elisha lokufaka esikhundleni salokho.
7. Kuyo yonke iminyaka elandelayo, ukuthenwa kwesihlahla somvini kuyefana.

Ngokuthena kusixhumanisi sezithelo, udinga ukukhetha amahlumela athuthukiswe kakhulu. Imivini enobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu ingagawulwa isikhathi eside kunemincane (ngamehlo angu-8-10). Kunezikhathi lapho kukhula ihlumela elilodwa kuphela endaweni lefindo. Kufanele kuncishiswe ngohlobo lokufakwa esikhundleni lefonti, i.e. amehlo amabili noma amathathu. Kulokhu, ihlumela elinamandla kakhulu emvinini wonyaka ophelile lisetshenziselwa ukwakha ihlumela lezithelo.

Lapho amahlumela wokuthena, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umcibisholo wezithelo uhlala uphakeme, futhi ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni liphansi ngokwesisekelo sehlathi.

Ukwakhiwa kwamagilebhisi angenabuningi

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhono yesihlahla samagilebhisi kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana futhi kuya ngohlobo lokubumbeka: olungenamkhawulo noma olujwayelekile. Ngokwakheka okungazinzi, imikhono ikhula ngokuqondile isuka ekhanda lesihlahla. Inani lemikhono esihlahleni esisodwa liyahlukahluka kusuka kwababili kuya kwabayisishiyagalombili. Kepha inketho enhle ukwakheka kwezingalo ezimbili noma ezine. Okuvame kakhulu ukwakheka kwamagilebhisi angenamikhono amahembe amaningi njengokuthi fan, inhlangothi-eyodwa enesihlakala somculi ne-cordon. Umgomo wokwakheka kwesixhumanisi sezithelo kulezi zinhlobo zokwenziwa uyefana nohlelo lweGuyot.

Ukwakheka kwabalandeli kunombandela wombhalo wabo kusukela kulungiselelo lokuhlelwa kwemikhono yamagilebhisi endizeni ye-trellis ngesimo fan. Ngenqubo yokunisela nokuthuthukisa isihlahla, amahlumela afakwa emazingeni ahlukahlukene kumawaya we-trellis, aqala kusuka kwabaphansi.

Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo seengalo ezine zengalo encane yesithombo kunikezwe ngezansi.

Njengomphumela wokuthenwa konyaka kwentwasahlobo ngonyaka we-4 wokuphila kwesihlahla, kwakheka ukwakheka kwabalandeli bezingalo ezine.

1. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wokuqala, isiqu sifushaniswa kwisithombo sonyaka, sishiya amabili noma amathathu wamehlo aphansi. Amahlumela akhule ngaphezulu kwehlobo eguqa emhlabathini nendawo yokuhlala ebusika.
2. Amahlumela amabili anamandla kakhulu akhule kwisithombo ngonyaka wokuqala wezimila futhi etholakala ephansi ngangokunokwenzeka, entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili, asikwa aba amehlo amathathu ngalinye, amanye ayasuswa.
3. Amahlumela amane noma ayisithupha asethuthukile ehlobo aboshelwa ku-wire trellis symmetrically emikhondweni ehlukene. Ekwindla, amahlumela asuswa ku-trellis futhi ambozwe.
4. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesithathu, imivini emine enhle kakhulu isetshenziselwa ukwakha imikhono. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngemuva kokulungisa imitha engu-0.4-0.6 m, amahlumela ahlukaniswe ngamacala amabili ahlukile ngendlela yesifeni futhi aboshwe ngocingo ngokungacimeki. Amehlo asele aqhekeka, ashiya amabili noma amathathu aphezulu. Ngakho-ke, kwakheka imikhono emine esihlahleni.
5. Ekupheleni kwengubo ngayinye entwasahlobo yonyaka wesine, izixhumanisi zezithelo ziyakhiwa, okungukuthi, ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni somcibisholo kanye nomcibisholo wezithelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umvini osohlangothini lwangaphandle unqunywa (ngamehlo ayi-2-3) kufindo lokufakwa esikhundleni, umvini ongaphezulu usikwa waba amehlo ayi-5 kuye ngohlobo lomcibisholo wezithelo futhi uboshwe ngokuqondile.
6. Eminyakeni elandelayo, kusuka emvinini otshalwe kufindo lokufakwa esikhundleni, kwenziwa ifindo elisha lomcibisholo kanye nomcibisholo wezithelo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Futhi umcibisholo wakudala okhungathekile uyasuswa. Kulokhu, ukusikwa kufanele kwenziwe ngesigaxa esincanyana esiyi-1.5-2 cm kwesokunxele, ngaphandle kwalokho inxeba elijulile lizokwakheka esikhwameni, okubangela ukufa kwezicubu, imithambo yegazi nokwenza buthaka kokudla kwezithelo zomvini ezisele.

Ividiyo: Izici zokwenziwa kwabalandeli kwesihlahla somvini sonyaka

Ukwakheka kwenhlangano yabacuphi eyodwa akuhlukile ngokuhlukile kufeni. Umehluko ukuthi imikhono itholakala kolunye lwekhanda lesihlahla. Njengomthetho, ngalolu hlobo lokwakheka, isihlahla sinemikhono okungenani emithathu.

Grape cordon

Ukwakhiwa kweCordon kwezihlahla ezinobude obuhlukile besiqu kusetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zesiko lamagilebhisi ezingasimbozi isembozo, kanye nezinhlobo ezivimbela isithwathwa ezingadingi indawo ebusika. Umehluko phakathi kwalolu hlobo lokwakheka nolungavunyelwe yilelo lokuthi lapho amagilebhisi esezingeni elifanele, kuqala isiqu esiyinhloko sesihlahla - isilinganiso, lapho imikhono izosuka khona kamuva. Ukuphakama kwesiqu kuvame ukusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.8 m. Ngokwesiko, ngokwakhiwa kwe-cordon, imikhono itholakala kwi-trellis eyodwa ene-vertical vertical. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izingxenye zesihlahla samagilebhisi zikhanyiswa ngokwanele futhi zinomoya omuhle. I-cordon inesimo esehlukile: enezingqimba, mpo, ithambekele, ingaba yinye- noma ingalo emibili. Kuya ngesisekelo sendawo yemikhono.

Ama-cordons aqondile futhi athambile asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakheka kwezihlahla ezihlukile zekhava, ezinikeza lula ukususa nokumboza ama-hoses ekwindla ezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Lolu hlobo lokubunjwa luphawulwa ukuba khona kwemikhono yamagilebhisi eminyene ethe xaxa. Lapho ususa i-cordon evundlile, imikhono iboshwe ezintanjeni eziphansi ze-trellis. Izixhumanisi zezithelo zakhiwa ngokunciphisa onke amahlumela aphansi akhiwe ngaphansi kwesikhwama. Amehlo aphezulu asala athela izithelo.

U-fig. 1 - Isihlahla sokuqala sonyaka wokuphila. U-fig. 2 - Ukunquma isihlahla ngonyaka wesibili. U-fig. 3 - Bush entwasahlobo yonyaka wesithathu. U-fig. 4 - Bush ekupheleni konyaka wesithathu. U-fig. I-5 - Bush ngemuva kokuthena entwasahlobo yonyaka wesine

1. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwesihlahla samagilebhisi, ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili amade. Izinga eliphakeme lezithombo nokunakekelwa okuhle kuqinisekisa ubude be-shoot ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhula ngaphezu kwe-100 cm.
2. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili, amasentimitha angama-50 alinganiswa ekwakhekeni kwesiqu ekuhlotsheni okunamandla kakhulu, bese kuthi amehlo amane noma ayisithupha ngaphezulu kwale ndawo. Amehlo aphansi aqhekeka. Uma kunesidingo, ihlumela elilodwa noma amabili athela izithelo angashiywa okwesikhashana kubo.
3. Ngonyaka wesithathu entwasahlobo, wonke amahlumela esiqwini anqunywe. Kumahlumela amane noma ayisithupha aphezulu ngonyaka ophelile, amahlumela amabili aphansi asikwa aba izifaniso zokufaka esikhundleni (amehlo ayi-2), kanti amahlumela amabili aqine kakhulu atholakala ngaphezulu anqunywa aba amahlumela wezithelo (kusuka kwamehlo ayi-6 kuye kwayi-15 lilinye).
4. Njengomphumela wokuthena kwentwasahlobo yonyaka wesine, kwakheka izixhumanisi zezithelo ezintsha ezisekelweni zokufakwa esikhundleni (ifindo lokufaka esikhundleni sokudubula okuphansi nomcibisholo wezithelo kusuka phezulu). Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke amahlumela konyaka wokugcina ziyasuswa, futhi imicibisholo yezithelo entsha iboshelwe ngokuqondile kwi-wire engezansi.

I-cordon ethe mpo iyakhiwa ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi ezivimbela isithwathwa, ikakhulukazi lapho i-trellis itholakala eceleni kwesakhiwo noma uthango. Kulokhu, imikhono ihlanganiswe ne-trellis zibheke phezulu.Wonke amehlo esifundeni se-wire ephansi aqhekeka, kusale amehlo amabili kuphela: elilodwa ngaphezulu kocingo, olwesibili ngaphansi kwalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakheka amahlumela amabili kwisikhwama, aqondiswe ezinhlangothini ezihlukile kusukela kucingo.

Ngenxa yokulungiswa kwemikhono ezindaweni ezimbili noma ezintathu entwasahlobo yonyaka wesine, isihlahla somvini sakhiwe ngokwakhiwa kwekholoni emile

1. Ngonyaka wokutshala, kukhula ihlumela elilodwa elide esihlahleni.
2. Ekwindla, inqunywa ibe yingxenye yengxenye evuthwe kahle yonke ukuze iso elingaphandle litholakala ohlangothini olungezansi - ukuqhubeka nomkhono.
3. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesibili, ihlumela liboshwe ngocingo olungaphansi. Lapho amehlo eqala ukuvula, khona-ke bonke abaphansi, ngaphandle kwalowo owedlulele, bayahlukana. Amehlo aphezulu nawo aqweqwe ngaphandle, okushiya ibanga elingama-30-35 cm phakathi kwawo. Zonke amahlumela, ngaphandle kweyokugcina (eyeqile), kufanele zikhule ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwesikhwama bese ziqondiswa ziye phezulu.
4. Ekwindla yonyaka wesibili, imivini ekhule esiqeshini inqunywa emehlweni ama-2-3, umvini wokugcina, okhule kusuka esweni eliphansi kakhulu, unqunyelwa kubude obugcwele besikhwama.
5. Ngonyaka wesithathu, entwasahlobo, ama-buds aqhuma engxenyeni entsha yeCordon, eshiya amahlumela amaningana ebangeni elingama-30-35 cm.
6. Ngokuwa konyaka wesithathu, amahlumela amabili akhula amahlumela amabili anamehlo amabili. Abaphansi bancishwa izinso ezi-2-3, bathola amafindo okufaka esikhundleni, bese abangaphezulu ngama-budhi angama-5-6, akha imicibisholo eveza izithelo.
7. Entwasahlobo yonyaka wesine, ngemuva kokuphakamisa umkhono, imicibisholo ethela izithelo iboshelwe ocingweni olungaphansi, ifinyelela isikhundla sayo sithe tyaba.

Ngenxa yesiqu esinamandla nemikhono yangemuva kokukhiqizwa kwekholoni, isihlahla samagilebhisi sinenqwaba yezinkuni ezindala, ezivumela ukubekezelela umthwalo omkhulu esihlahleni ngesitshalo

Imisebenzi eluhlaza esihlahleni esisha samagilebhisi

Imisebenzi eluhlaza (imisebenzi) ifaka phakathi imisebenzi esetshenziswayo esivinini, eyenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaliseni kwehlobo futhi ihambisane nokuthenwa kwezitshalo nokuhlelwa kwezitshalo. Lesi izingcezu zamehlo nezimpande eziluhlaza, ukucindezelwa kwazo nokuncipha.

Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo yokuqala (ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela avule), akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinso ezinezithelo kusuka kweleyizigaxa. Ukunquma inani elifanelekileyo lezithombo ezinezithelo, kusetshenziswa imfucuza eluhlaza. Ikuvumela ukuthi uguqule umthwalo wokugcina wehlahla lamagilebhisi ngamehlo futhi kusiza ukugcina ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Ukusebenza kokuqhekeka amahlumela aluhlaza kuthambile kakhulu ezitshalweni, njengoba amanxeba akhiwa ngesikhathi sedoti mancane futhi aphola ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ukugijima okuncane okukhulayo kuqhuma ngomfutho wokukhanya kwesithupha endaweni yawo.

Lapho ukuqhakaza, kungafika amahlumela kuze kube kathathu ezinso, kepha kudingeka ushiye munye kuphela, onamandla kunawo wonke, kanti okunye kufanele kuphulwe

Njengomphumela we-wreckage, kungenzeka ukufezekisa isilinganiso esingcono phakathi kwezimpande ezinezithelo ezingenazithelo, kanye nokugcina izimo ezijwayelekile zokukhanya nomoya kufinyelela kumqhele wesihlahla. Sekukonke ngenkathi yokukhula, udinga ukwenza izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu. I-wreckage yokuqala yenziwa lapho amahlumela kumikhono angama-2-3 cm ubude. Musa ukwephuca amehlo, okuthi esikhathini esizayo kungadingeka ukudala nokwakha ukwakheka kwesihlahla. I-wreckage yesibili kumele yenziwe lapho amahlumela efika kubude obuyi-10-15 cm. Ngalesi size, kungenzeka ukuthi sehlukanise amahlumela athela izithelo ayinyumba. I-inflorescence ihlala iba ngabokuqala ukuvela ku-ezinezithelo, kanye ne-antennae ku-infertile. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zamagilebhisi ziveza kakhulu futhi kukhona ama-inflorescence amaningi, wonke amahlumela angenazithelo kufanele asuswe. Ngenani elinganele lama-inflorescence, ingxenye yamahlumela angenazintambo ishiywe ukuze kulondolozwe ukukhula nokukhula kwesihlahla.

Ngokudubula okude okungama-8-12 cm, ama-inflorescence abonakala kahle, lokhu kudubula kuthela izithelo

Ngomfucumfucu, ungalungisa ukuthena ngezinga elithile, uma kwenziwa amaphutha, lungisa amandla okukhula esihlahleni, udale izimo ezingcono zokukhanya nokufaka umoya esihlahleni. Amahlumela angaphezulu emabhasini athela izithelo amaningi ayingozi kakhulu. Basuswa kuqala.

Galushchenko V.T., Berezovsky Yu.S. "Amagilebhisi". Ukushicilela indlu i-ACT-Stalker, eMoscow, ngo-2008

Amahlumela aluhlaza ahlala ephukile uma:

• kuyinkinga, kuyagula, kubuthakathaka, akulungele ukukhula okuthe xaxa nokukhula kwesihlahla;
• zingamaphindwe kabili kathathu wamehlo amakhulu, ngoba zivame ukuphula futhi zonakalise umvini;
• isibuko esikhulu uma siqhathaniswa nenamba edingekayo yamehlo emvinini, abambezela umsoco futhi avimbele ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenye eziphambili zesihlahla;
• amahlumela okwenziwa ngaphansi phakathi kwezithelo, ukususwa kwazo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamajikijolo.

Ividiyo: izingcezu zamehlo esihlahleni esisha samagilebhisi

Entwasahlobo, ngokuqala kokushisa kanye nokuqala kwesigaba esisebenzayo sezimila, ngaphezu kwamahlumela amakhulu, amahlumela we- "oda lesibili" - ama-stepons akhiwa esihlahleni samagilebhisi. Iqhaza labo ekwakhiweni kwamagilebhisi amancane liyaxaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-Stepons asusa ukudla emahlumela athela izithelo futhi abe neqhaza ekukhuleni kwezifo zokukhunta, isihlahla sokuqina. Esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwamagilebhisi, inani elikhulu lama-stepons linganciphisa ngisho nale nqubo.

Isihlahla esiqinayo, ama-stepons aphazamisa ukukhanya kwawo okwenele kanye nomoya omncane, ngakho-ke asuswa ngangokunokwenzeka

Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, ama-stepons awasuswanga. Ngenxa yokuthuthuka okunamandla kwama-stepson amahlumela ngokuqhathanisa nalawo asemqoka, izixhumanisi zezithelo ezintsha zakheka kusuka kuzo emithini yomvini oyinkinga. Zisetshenziswa ekubuyiselweni kwesithwathwa esonakalisiwe noma esihlahleni esenziwe ngendlela engafanele. Kulesi simo, kuma-stepons angu-15-20 cm ubude, iziqongo zithinteka ukuze kusheshiswe ukukhula kwazo.

Ividiyo: umzali omncane osesihlahleni

Ukuthena isihlahla somvini esidala

Ngaphansi kwentuthuko ejwayelekile, isihlahla somvini sinamandla amakhulu okukhula futhi sakha amahlumela amaningi akhulayo efihlekile eyinhloko, esetshenziswayo, yokulala ne-axillary. Uma ubashiya bonke, bese:

• iningi lamandla okukhula lizohamba ngokuthuthuka kokukhathala okwenziwe inzalo namahlumela engxenyeni engezansi yesitshalo, lapho kutholakala khona izinqolobane ezinkulu zezakhamzimba;
• hhayi izimo ezinhle kakhulu ezizokwakhelwa ukwakheka kwezitshalo zesikhathi esizayo, ngoba iziqu zezithelo azihlanganisi amahlumela anesihlahla esiqinile.

Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo, kusukela ekuqaleni ukuvuswa nokukhula kwamagilebhisi, kuyadingeka ukunquma nokuqothula amahlumela ngokusobala angadingekile, amawele abuthakathaka kanye netiye ezihlanekezela ukwakheka kwesihlahla. Ezimpondweni ezikhathalelayo, kuyadingeka ukushiya okukhulayo okukodwa kusuka ngaphandle phakathi nendawo nezingxenye eziphansi zemikhono, okuzoba wusizo ngemuva kwalokho ekwakhiweni kwemikhono emisha noma emagatsheni. Lapho ama-inflorescence eqala ukwakha, kuyadingeka ukwenza ingozi yesibili - ukuncipha amahlumela angenazithelo.

Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, amahlumela ngokweqile futhi abuthakathaka, kanye nemivini ethe xaxa, kufanele asuswe.

Ngokuvamile, izinqubo zokuthena, imfucumfucu eluhlaza okotshani, kanye nokugxunyekwa kwesihlahla somvini esidala kuyafana nezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa isitshalo esincane sisebenzisa izindlela ezazibhekwe ngaphambilini. Isikhombisi esikhulu sokuthena okulungile kufanele kube inani eliphelele lezinso (amehlo) asele esihlahleni. Njengomuntu okhulile, akufanele udlule ama-40 e-buds, okungukuthi, ungashiya amahlumela angama-5-7, usike okusele.

Ividiyo: Indlela yokuthena isihlahla somvini esidala

Kunalezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokubumba: amafushane, afinyelela kwayi-4 - kumaseli endlovukazi, ukubamba kanye nokwenziwa kweCoronon, amafindo ngokwesilinganiso, kuze kufinyelele ku-7-8 wamehlo - lapho kuthenwa imivini yezithelo yezinhlobo eziningi endaweni yokumboza; yinde, isuka kwamehlo ayi-9 kuye kwayi-14 - ezinhlotsheni ezinamandla nakisiko le-gazebo. Ezindaweni eziningi ze-viticulture, izihlahla zokuxuba ezixubile ziyasetshenziswa - ezimfishane neziphakathi

A.Yu. URakitin, udokotela S.-kh. isayensi, uprofesa"Izithelo ezikhulayo. Imikhandlu egolide yeTimiryazev Academy." I-Lik Press Publishing House, eMoscow, ngo-2001

Ukunquma amagilebhisi ku-arch

Isiko le-Arched lingenye yezindlela zakudala zokulawulwa kwezitshalo zamagilebhisi futhi lithokozela ukuthandwa okufanele ezindaweni eziningi zomvini zomhlaba. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Arbor kubonakaliswa izinhlaka ezahlukahlukene ezisekelayo, kanye nezindlela zokuhlelwa kwezivini ezikhaleni zazo. Ukusekelwa kungaba kukodwa (i-arbor), noma kuxhunywe ngendlela yemibukiso eyinkimbinkimbi, imigudu noma imidwebo emikhulu. Izakhiwo ze-Pergolas, i-arched kanye ne tun tun zivame kakhulu ngesimo se archangular arch noma i-arch eyindilinga. Zingaqukatha imigqa yezinduku ezihlanganisiwe ezixhunywe engxenyeni engenhla, noma ngesimo sokusekelwa mpo kuxhunywe emigqeni emibili eseduze ngezigxobo zesiphambano. Ucingo lwendabuko ngesiko lwendabuko phakathi kwemigqa noma izinkuni ezifakiwe zinamathiselwe, zakha uhlobo lwamathe, lwenziwe lwasuswa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi ngomvini, okudala isithombe sohlobo lomhubhe oluhlaza.

Lapho i-gazebo yakhiwa ngesimo somhubhe, kutshalwa izihlahla eceleni kwama-trellises amabili aqonde phezulu, axhumeke phezulu ngama-arcs noma emigwaqweni enqamlezayo; amahlumela anqunywa kusixhumanisi sezithelo

Lapho izinhlobo ze-arbor zokwenza izitshalo zamagilebhisi zisetshenziswa izinhlobo zamagilebhisi anamandla, zakhiwa ngohlobo lwama-cordon amakhulu amile mpo, ukwakheka kwabalandeli bezingalo ezinde kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo okuhlukahlukene. Amabhasi atshalwe nhlangothi zombili zesakhiwo se-gazebo, kuyilapho umqhele wawo usatshalaliswa ngokulingene esikhaleni, uhlala endaweni evundlile, futhi uma kudingeka indiza emile. Ngokuyinhloko, akunandaba ukuthi uthola ini ekugcineni - umlandeli, intambo, inhlanganisela yabo, noma ukwakheka okungaziwa isayensi nakancane. Into esemqoka kuleli cala ukusabalalisa izixhumanisi zezithelo (izihlahla zomvini) zilinganiselana futhi endaweni ngokulinganayo, kungavumeli ukuqina ngokweqile kwesembozo seqabunga.

Uma isihlahla esikwi-gazebo sakhiwa ngendlela yekoloni emile, lapho-ke izihlahla zokuhlumela zenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokwakheka okujwayelekile kwekholoni

Ividiyo: ukugunda amagilebhisi ku-arch

Izici zokuthena kwentwasahlobo ezifundeni

Lapho kugalelwa amagilebhisi entwasahlobo ezifundeni, kuyadingeka ukubheka izici zesimo sendawo ethile, isimo saso sangaphansi nokubaluleka kwezimo ezibucayi ngendlela yamafrange abuya ngokuzumayo noma isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomiso esingajwayelekile ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka.

Esikhathini sendawo sekhava, izihlahla zamagilebhisi zigawulwa ezikhathini ezimbili: ekwindla - ngaphambi kokugcina izihlahla ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sekwindla nangentwasahlobo - ngemuva kokuvula izihlahla ngaphambi kokuvuthwa bese kuphuma amahlumela. Ezindaweni ze-viticulture ezingakhanjwanga, izihlahla zigawulwa ngenkathi ekwindla-ebusika, ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ukuya ku-20 emva kokuwa kwamaqabunga, bese ziqhubeka kulo lonke ubusika (ngezinsuku zamahhala zeqhwa) kuze kube yilapho zivuleke intwasahlobo.

Lapho kunqunywa ubude bokuthenwa kwezihlahla zomvini wezithelo esimweni esivamile, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi Amehlo esihlahlo esiphakathi (4-5 amabavini) ahlukile ekukhiqizeni okuphezulu kakhulu.

Izihlahla zomvini entwasahlobo e-Ukraine

Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla zomvini e-Ukraine kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi nambili noma yesithathu kaFebhuwari - ngezinsuku lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingashoni ngaphansi kuka-6-8^⁰C.

Ngokwendlela esetshenziswayo yokuvunwa kwamagilebhisi, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhekeni kwamahlumela womvini, izithelo ezilinganayo kanye nesisindo samagilebhisi. Njengomphumela wokusebenza okunjalo, umthwalo othile wamahlahla womvini usethwa ngamehlo noma ngemicibisholo yezithelo. Inhloso enkulu yokuthena isivini ukushiya inani elifanelekile lamaseli (abacibishelayo) esihlahleni samagilebhisi, lapho amahlumela ngokukhiqiza okuhlukahlukene okuzoqinisekisa khona ukuvuna okufanele ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla okukhula kwezihlahla zomvini.

Lapho kwakhiwa izihlahla zomvini ngohlobo lwemingcele evundlile ezimpondweni, kwakhiwa izixhumanisi zezithelo: ejwayelekile (ifindo lamehlo amabili noma amathathu nomcibisholo wezithelo wamehlo amane kuya kwayisishiyagalombili) noma aqinisiwe (ifindo lamehlo amabili noma amathathu nemicibisholo emibili yezine noma eziyisithupha Amehlo ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili), ukukhetha kwakho kuya ngesibalo sezimpondo emikhombeni nasemiphumeleni yokunquma umthwalo ophelele.

Izihlahla zamagilebhisi ezithena isixhumanisi sezithelo zikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise umgomo wokubuyiselwa konyaka. Umcibisholo wezithelo uhlinzeka ngesivuno samagilebhisi, futhi ifindo linikeza ukwakheka kwamahlumela athuthukile, lapho kuzokwakhiwa khona isixhumanisi sezithelo esigcwele ngonyaka olandelayo. Kodwa-ke, isihlahla ngasinye somvini ngasinye sihlukaniswa uhlobo lokuthuthuka kwamahlumela wonyaka. Ngakho-ke, ekusebenzeni, ukuphambuka okuthile kusuka ekusokeni okujwayelekile kuya kusixhumanisi sezithelo kungenzeka.

Ividiyo: ukuthenwa kwamagilebhisi e-Ukraine

Izihlahla zomvini entwasahlobo eBelarus

Ezimweni zaseningizimu yeBelarus, izinhlobo zokugunda ziyalungiswa ngoNovemba, amaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba isivini simboziwe futhi kuqala kusetshenziswe isithwathwa esineqhwa, kanye nezihlahla zokukhetha izinhlobo ze-alfa kanye neBaltic emabhishi - ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, ngesikhathi sokuthenwa kwezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside samahora okukhanya kosuku, imivini eningi ikhula ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukugawulwa kwamagilebhisi "aluhlaza" eBelarus kunemithetho yayo. Njengawo wonke umuntu, lokhu kuyancwina, kodwa futhi nokujaha amahlumela ngesikhathi sangaphambilini kunokuba kudingeka ekuvuthweni komvini. Imvamisa yenziwa ekuphakameni kwe-trellis, futhi amaqabunga amasha asivele ekhula kuma-stepons, nawo anciphiswa ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ividiyo: izihlahla zomvini entwasahlobo eBelarus

Ukuthenwa kwamagilebhisi maphakathi neRussia entwasahlobo

Ukulimala kwamagilebhisi kuzithwathwa zasebusika - isimo enkabeni yeRussia sivame kakhulu. Emadolobheni angaphansi komhlaba, izihlahla okuwukuphela kwendlela yokusindisa lesi simo. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazama ukushiya amehlo amaningi amahlumela amasha. Esimweni lapho yonke ingxenye engenhla yomvini ilimele ngenxa yesithwathwa, bayinquma, bezama ukwakha amahlumela amaningi ku-hemp esele. Uma inani elanele lezihloko zezihlumela lakhiwa, ngeke kube nobunzima obukhethekile ngalokhu.

Uma sinikezwe isimo sezulu senkathi yeRussia nenkathi yayo yokukhula esifushane, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngokushesha. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokuvuthwa, kufanele kwenziwe okuqinile kwesihlahla. Ngokungafani ukugawulwa kwezihlahla zezithelo, ukugawulwa kwamagilebhisi akwenziwa hhayi ngesikhathi sokuphela kwesitshalo, kodwa futhi nangesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amagilebhisi athela izithelo kuphela kumahlumela akamuva alo nyaka.

Ividiyo: izici zomvini wokuthena enkabeni yeRussia

Izizathu nezindlela zokuqeda intwasahlobo "ekhala" yomvini

Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphukela ku-+8 ^°Ukusuka kumagilebhisi kuqala "ukukhala": kusuka kumasiki noma ezindaweni ezilimele ujusi ugcwala kakhulu. Lokhu akumelwe wesabe. Amagilebhisi "ekhala" - kusho ukuthi impilo ivukile kuwo futhi uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amagilebhisi abekezelela isithwathwa kahle kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukugeleza kwesiphuzo. Futhi uma ukuqhakaza kuqhuma, izitshalo kudingeka zivikelwe ngokucophelela eqandeni.

Ngaphambi kokuvuvukala nangesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwamehlo, kukho konke ukusikeka kwamahlumela wezithelo nezingxenye zaphakade (zemikhono) yesihlahla, uketshezi olucacile lugeleza kakhulu - indawo yezinyosi, okubonisa ukuqala kwempilo esebenzayo yezimpande zamagilebhisi

Ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokugeleza kwe-sap, ama-apricots amancane athululiwe, khona-ke inani lawo liyakhuphuka futhi lehle liye ngasekupheleni kwesigaba. Ukugeleza okusebenzayo kakhulu kwe-sap kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku eziyi-10- 10, futhi ubude besikhathi saso, ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nemibandela yonyaka, lisukela ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-66. Imikhono namahlumela iba nokunwebeka, kube nezimo, ngakho-ke kulula ukubopha ngokusekela nokwendlala.

Ezindaweni ze-viticulture ezingalungisiwe esigabeni sokugeleza kwe-sap iyaqhubeka nokuthena izihlahla. Ezindaweni zokukhosela i-viticulture, le misebenzi yandulela ukuvulwa kwezihlahla. Ngokuhluma kwe-efihlekile kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga amahlumela aqala ukukhipha amanzi, ukugeleza kwe-sap kuyema.

Izihlahla zamagilebhisi zokuthena ziwumsebenzi wokudala, owusizo futhi othokozisayo.Akunandaba noma ngabe ungumgcini wewayini onolwazi noma umlimi oqalayo, noma ngabe unolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngokunakekelwa kwamagilebhisi, ungawukhulisa ngempumelelo lo mkhiqizo omnandi futhi onempilo futhi uthole isivuno esikhulu.