Ama-gooseberry ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ngamagilebhisi asenyakatho ngenxa yokufana kwawo nomqashi. Kulokhu izici zabo ezijwayelekile ziyaphela, ngoba empeleni i-gooseberry ingeyomndeni wakwaKryzhovnikov, i-currant iyisihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu.
Konke mayelana ne-gooseberries: incazelo yebanga
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bebengazi ukuthi kuyini ama-gooseberries. Incazelo yokuqala yanikezwa udokotela waseFrance uJane Raoul cishe eminyakeni engama-500 eyedlule. Emsebenzini wakhe kulandela ukuthi enkathini yakhe, kwakusetshenziswa amajikijolo angavuthiwe ukwenza amasoso nezobho, futhi okuvuthiwe kwakusetshenziswa okuluhlaza. Kusukela kumanothi kadokotela, ungathola ukuthi ama-gooseberry awasebenzisi amajikijolo kuphela ekudleni, kodwa futhi isitshalo esidumile sokuhlobisa izingadi.
Ugqumugqumu
Kamuva, kwalethwa ama-gooseberry eNgilandi, lapho ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinomswakama, usayizi wezithelo zaso wanda cishe amahlandla amane kule minyaka eyikhulu ezayo. Lesi sitshalo sathandwa kakhulu kulesi siqhingi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. cishe wonke amajikijolo atshaliwe ayedabuka eNgilandi.
I-Gooseberries nayo yaziwa eRussia isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kukhulunywa ngayo okokuqala ngekhulu le-11. Kodwa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthandwa lafika ngekhulu le-19, lapho izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo zingeniswa zisuka eNgilandi zisiwa eRussia, okwathi kamuva zathathelwa indawo yilezo zasendaweni.
Ngemininingwane! Njengamanje, i-gooseberry ejwayelekile yaziwa nangokuthi i-gooseberry yaseYurophu, noma yenqatshiwe. Kepha ngaphambi kokuba abe namanye amagama. E-Altai Territory eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule yaziwa njenge-bersen, osebeni lweYenisei - iBirch-birch. Phambilini, endaweni yaseRussia yayibizwa ngokuthi i-kryzh, kanti e-Azerbaijan yayaziwa ngokuthi yi-Russian cherry plum.
Isimilo se-Botanical
Umbuzo wokuqala kuhlelo lwe-botanical: yi-gooseberry ibhele noma isithelo? Phambilini, lesi sitshalo besithathwa njengesithelo, kepha ngemuva kokutadisha ngokucophelela izithelo, saqala ukubikwa njengomndeni wamajikijolo. Ukusakazwa kwalesi sitshalo sezithelo kwenzeka ngokuhluma kwembewu eye yawela emhlabathini kanye nezithelo ezomile. Futhi le ndlela ijwayelekile kumajikijolo.
Indlela ama-gooseberry abukeka ngayo, ngisho nezingane ziyazi, kodwa kufanelekile ukubheka izici zayo ngemininingwane eminingi. Lesi isihlahla sifinyelela kubude obufika ku-1.5 m, kepha kukhona futhi nezinhlobo ezikhula ngokwedlule ezikhula zize zifinyelele kumkhawulo wemitha. Ngobubanzi, isihlahla sihlala silingana nokuphakama kwaso. Uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula kuyo yonke impilo futhi izimpande zezimpande zakhelwa phezu kwalo. Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3, baphenduka amagatsha angempela lapho amajikijolo aqala ukukhula khona.
Nakani! Esihlahleni esisodwa, cishe amahlumela angama-60 angatholakala ngasikhathi sinye.
Izinga lokukhiqizwa kweziqu lincike endaweni yabo. Okumaphakathi, ngokubuka iqiniso lokuthi zikhula ngokuqondile futhi zithola ukukhanya okuncane, kuthela izithelo kubi kakhulu kunamagatsha aseceleni akhula kude nendawo. Amagatsha esitshalo angaba nezikhala, ngenani elincane lawo noma ngaphandle kwameva. Imiphunga ingaba nobude obuhlukahlukene nobunjwa.
Amaqabunga angahluka ngisho esihlahleni esifanayo. Zivela ngobukhulu obuningi: ukusuka kokuncane kuya kokukhulu kakhulu. Kuzo kukhona izeluleko ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 zesimo esibuhlungu noma esiyindilinga nombala okhanyayo noma ophuzi oluhlaza okotshani. Kushiya ama-gooseberry ohlobo lwe-quintuple (amathuna amahlanu, ama-petals, ama-stamens ngamunye).
Imbali iqhuma emahlombe amaqabunga eqenjini lama-3-4 ama-pcs. Ngokubukeka, ibukeka kakhulu njengensimbi enama-petals amahlanu. Amajikijolo ahlukaniswe ngosayizi abe amancane, aphakathi namakhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu kakhulu zinesisindo esingu-4 g.
Bush
Indawo yokusabalalisa
Ama-Gooseberry ekuqaleni avela eNtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho ne-Afrika, kepha manje izinhlobo zasendle sezisabalale kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Zikhula ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezintaba, eduze nemifula nezihlahla. Ngokungafani nesitshalo sasekhaya, zinokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa nokumelana nezifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye bamelana ne-Powdery isikhutha. Amajikijolo akula zinhlobonhlobo angaba bushelelezi noma abe-pubescent, bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nemibala.
Ngemininingwane! E-Russia, ama-gooseberry asendle ajwayelekile eCaucasus, Altai, eSiberia nengxenye yezwe laseYurophu. Ihlukaniswe ngokwezigaba ezintathu izinhlobo: i-European, inaliti, iFar Eastern.
Yini ama-gooseberries awusizo
Amajikijolo we-Gooseberry anezakhiwo eziwusizo kakhulu. Ziqukethe cishe i-12% i-fructose ne-glucose, edonswa kahle ngumzimba. I-gooseberry acid eyaziwa yibo bonke ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwe-malic, oxalic ngisho ne-citric acid ekwakhiweni, okunomphumela omuhle wokugaya. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-pectins kwenza izithelo zesitshalo zibe yindlela enhle yemvelo yokususa imisebe. Ngokuqukethwe kwamaminerali asizayo, ayikho enye i-berry engaqhathaniswa ne-gooseberries.
Izinzuzo ze-gooseberries zikhulu kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukujikeleza kwegazi nezinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni zithuthuka, uhlelo lwezinzwa nezinqubo zama-hormone ziyaqina.
Ijusi
Njengoba yonke into ephathelene nama-gooseberries nezakhiwo zayo ezizuzisayo yaziwa isikhathi eside, isetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu. I-decoction yamaqabunga nezithelo zesitshalo kusiza ngezifo zezinso, i-anemia, hypovitaminosis. Amajikijolo nawo awusizo ezinganeni, ngoba yi-tonic enhle kakhulu ne-anti-allergenic.
Nakani! ECaucasus, bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-gooseberry asiza ekwelapheni isifo sofuba kanye nenyumoniya.
Ezokwelapha zesimanje, leli bheri libuye lasebenza. Kusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwezithako ezahlukahlukene zokudla. Kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa ukulwa nokukhuluphala nokukhubazeka kwe-metabolic. Kodwa, ngaphandle kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezizuzisayo, ama-gooseberries akufanele adliwe yiziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ukuze i-gooseberry ikhule kahle, futhi inikeze isivuno esiningi, idinga ukunakekelwa okufanele ebusika nasehlobo. Ukulandela zonke izincomo, ungathola hhayi isitshalo esithela izithelo kuphela, kodwa futhi nesihlahla esihle esizohlobisa ikhishi lasehlobo.
Ukunisela
Uma ugqumugqumu enganiselwanga ngokwanele, kuvame ukulimaza, amajikijolo ayoba makhulu, futhi nekhwalithi yesitshalo izoncipha. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa amahlumela amasha, isihlahla siniselwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esomile. I-moisturizing iyaqhubeka ngesikhathi kumiswa amajikijolo, kepha lapho nje izithelo sezivuthiwe, ukuthambisa kuyayeka.
Ukunisela
Ekwindla, ngesikhathi semvula, lesi sitshalo asithelwa amanzi. Kufanele ikanyiswe kakhulu ngo-Okthoba ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande lulungiselele ubusika.
Umanyolo kanye mulching
Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo. Sizungeze isihlahla emhlabeni umgodi noma umquba obunjiwe. Lapho amaqabunga evuleka, kufakwa i-50 g ye-urea ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Lapho isitshalo siphenduka iminyaka emi-4 ubudala, sivundiswa ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali njalo entwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamajikijolo okuqala, umquba wethulwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3. Ekwindla, isihlahla sithululelwa isixazululo se-potassium nitrate, futhi eduze nobusika ngaphambi kokumba enhlabathini, kufakwa umlotha noma i-peat.
Ngemuva kokuba iqhwa liqhibilike, inhlabathi iyahlanganiswa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo kukhululwa uthungele isihlahla, kepha hhayi ngokujula kuka-5 cm, ukuze kungalimali uhlelo lwezimpande. Ehlobo, ukukhulula kwenziwa cishe izikhathi ezi-4, okokugcina ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Nakani! Ukuze ukhule uvikele emakhula azungeze isihlahla, i-mulching yenziwa futhi ehlobo, futhi ekwindla ngemuva kokumba emhlabathini.
Izinsizi zeBush
Yize i-gooseberry eyisitshalo esingenakukhathazeka, kwenzeka ukuthi idinga ukwesekelwa okwengeziwe. Phakathi kwabalimi, baziwa ngokuthi yi-trellis; ukhukhamba namagilebhisi atshaliwe ezakhiweni ezinjalo. Ukusekelwa kungahle kudingeke uma indawo okhula kuyo ugqumugqumu ungakhuli ngokwanele. Njengomphumela wokusetshenziswa, kuzosiza ukuthola isivuno sangaphambi nangaphezulu.
Ukwelashwa kokuvimbela
Ukuze ehlobo isitshalo sithokozise umnikazi waso ngezimbali eziningi, entwasahlobo kufanele sicutshungulwe ngezinjongo zokuvimbela. Kepha, ukuze wazi ukucubungula isihlahla, okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukulimala okungakusongela. Izifo eziphambili nezinambuzane ezingadalulwa yi-gooseberries kukhona i-powdery hlobo, i-anthracnose, i-septoria, imikhaza nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Kunoma ikuphi, ukuphatha lesi sitshalo entwasahlobo nge-sulfate yethusi kuzomenzela okuhle.
Izihlahla nokulungiselela ubusika
Izihlahla yisigaba esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-gooseberries. Ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi:
- ukwakha izihlahla kuyadingeka ukudala ukwakheka okuhle kwesihlahla;
- izihlahla zokulwa nokuguga zenziwa lapho lesi sitshalo siba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, kugawulwa amagatsha awo kanye namahlumela;
- izihlahla zokuhlanzeka - ukususwa kwamagatsha amadala, omisiwe nawanesifo.
Nakani! Ekwindla, ngemuva kwawo wonke umsebenzi ohlobene nokutshala inhlabathi nokuthena izihlahla, isitshalo silungiselela ubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bayakugoba, bakufafaze nge-peat bese bemboza ngento eminyene.
Ukuzala
Ama-Gooseberry angakhiqiza ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene:
- ukubeka phansi okuvundlile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuthathwa amagatsha asencane, kushunqulwa ihlanzekile kusuka phezulu, kuthi emva kwalokho iguqe phansi ingene igobele izimbobo kahle. Lapho amahlumela amasha ekhula ngaphezu kwe-10 cm, aqala ukunakekela, njengezitshalo ezigcwele ngokuphelele;
- arcuate layering. Amagatsha waminyaka yonke abekwa ngokuqondile kuma-grooves alungiselelwe, aphinwe futhi afafazwe ngenhlabathi. Ingaphezulu lehlumela ku-arc liholwa phezulu, futhi ekwindla lihlukaniswe esihlahleni esikhulu futhi kutshalwe kabusha;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Kusetshenziswa uma uthuthela endaweni entsha. Isihlahla sinqunywa sibe yizicucu, ukusikwa kwenziwa emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili;
- ukusakazwa ngokusika. Kuya ngesizini, ubuchwepheshe bokufakelwa buyahlukahluka. Ehlobo, ukusikwa okuluhlaza kuthathwa, kanti ekwindla, kuthambile.
Ukulawulwa kwezifo
Zonke izifo eziphambili ezingasongela i-gooseberries ziphathwa ngokufafaza isihlahlana nge-Bordeaux fluid. Uma inhlabathi ithintekile, khona-ke iniselwa ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi. Ukuphela kwesifo okunzima ukusisusa i-mosaic (ukukhula kokudubula, kuphakama iphethini elakhiwe emaqabungeni). Amabhasi athintekile avame ukulahlwa. Ukuvikela ama-gooseberries ezilwanyaneni eziningi, amagatsha, amaqabunga namajikijolo aphathwa njalo ngama-insecticides.
Isifo
I-Gooseberry ejwayelekile iyinhlangano yohlobo olusendaweni yezolimo. Cishe kuyo yonke indlu yezwe, kepha akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi angayinakekela kanjani futhi ayisakaze kanjani. Isihloko ngenhla sizosiza ukugcwalisa ulwazi.
