Lapho umhlaba usuvele uthengiwe, futhi sekungakakhiwa i-cottage, abanikazi bayo besikhathi esizayo bamane nje badinga indawo yokusebenzela. Amakhabethe okuzenzela uyathengwa noma akhiwe njengezindlu zesikhashana noma njengenketho yesabelomali sendlu yezwe. Kamuva, ingasetshenziswa ukugcina amathuluzi engadi, izoso kanye nefenisha kusuka ku-gazebo. Lapha ungafaka izingubo nezicathulo zokusebenza engadini noma ngisho nebhayisekili, amathoyizi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ngenkathi zisemvelweni. Kuya ngokuthi yikuphi ukuxhumana okuzosetshenziswa kumakhabethe, kungasebenza njengegumbi lokugezela, ishawa, indlu yokugeza noma indawo yokubhalela.
Imiklamo ehlukahlukene yezindlu eziqediwe zokushintsha
Ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha zivame ukuhlinzeka ngezinketho ezilandelayo zokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezishintshwayo.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha kweShield
Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo lubhekwa njengengabizi kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nezindleko ezincane zaleli bhilidi kuthiwa zingabaza ngokuqina komkhiqizo kusuka ezivikelweni. Imvamisa, isisekelo sesakhiwo (uhlaka) olunjalo senziwe ngokhuni, isikhumba sangaphandle senziwe nge-lining. Indima ye-lining yangaphakathi idlalwa yi-MDF noma i-particleboard. Uboya beglasi noma i-polystyrene isetshenziswa njengokufakelwa. Ngokwesitezi esibi, kusetshenziswa amabhodi angahlanganisiwe, futhi okusetshenziselwa ipuleti - okungabizi kakhulu kwepuleti. Ngophahla olulodwa noma lwe-gable, izakhiwo zivame ukukhetha uphahla lwensimbi ngobukhulu obukhulu. Isakhiwo esinjalo kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukungonakaliswa ngenxa yokungabikho kwabalukhuni, ukufakwa kwe-roll kungahlala, okuholela ekuqothulweni kwesakhiwo. Ungasebenzisa indlu enjalo yokushintsha ngenkathi efudumele yonyaka owodwa.
Indlu yepaneli inokubukeka okuhle
Ukwakhiwa kohlaka
Lezi zinhlaka zinenzuzo enkulu kunezi-switchboards ezisezingeni, kepha zibiza kakhulu. Inketho engabizi kakhulu yindlu yokushintsha enenombolo encane yamafasitela nokungabikho kokuhlukaniswa. Uhlaka, olusetshenziswa njengophawu lwesakhiwo, lunobukhulu obungu-10x10 cm, ukuze ukuwohloka kungamesabi. I-Lining isetshenziselwa i-lining yangaphakathi. I-Plywood ne-fiberboard, ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kwayo, akuyona inketho engcono kakhulu. Ukuba khona kwesithintelo se-vapor (ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi) noboya bamaminerali njengokufakelwa kwenza indlu ngaphakathi yomile. Ukulingiswa kwebha njengesembozo kunikeza isakhiwo isikhalazo sangaphandle. Phansi nophahla kuphindeke kabili. Okubi ukuthi isikhala sangaphakathi sendlu yokushintsha uzimele sizoba sincane kunele switchboard.
Indlu yokushintsha ifreyimu inamandla kakhulu kunebhodi eshintshiwe, ngoba ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo kwakusetshenziswa amapulangwe anamandla, isithiyo se-vapor kanye noboya bamaminerali asetshenzisiwe kwenza isakhiwo some
Amapulangwe egodi namalogi
Phakathi kokunye okunikezwayo emakethe lezi zindlu eziguqukayo ziyehluka ngentengo ephakeme. Uma indlu yoshintsho nakanjani izosala ezweni futhi ibe yindlu yokugeza, khona-ke imikhiqizo evela izingodo noma izingodo ziyindlela enhle. Kuyadingeka kuphela ukuthatha i-bathhouse ngokushesha konke ukuhlukanisa okudingekayo, nokuthenga izesekeli (ihektha lamanzi, isitofu, njll) ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Okwakhiwa kwendlu yamapulangwe, kunconyelwa ukuthi ingxenye yesiphambano sokhuni okungenani i-100x150 mm (ububanzi bokungena kwegodo bunconywa ngokufanele ebangeni elifanayo). Ukwakha kufanele kufakwe kahle. Njengombhalo obhekene neminyango nokuhlukaniswa, i-lining ijwayele ukusetshenziswa, kepha uma wenza isakhiwo se-log, ungakwenza.
Ikhabethe elenziwe ngokhuni noma izingodo libiza kakhulu kunelinye, kepha lifudumele, lithembekile futhi lihlala isikhathi eside, kepha kunengqondo ukwakha isakhiwo esinjalo kuphela lapho kwaziwa ukuthi sizosetshenziswa ngokuzayo.
Shintsha isitsha sendlu
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwesikhashana, kusetshenziswa isitsha - indlu eshintshayo enohlaka lwesiteshi sensimbi, izindonga zazo zenziwe ngamaphaneli wesandwich. Lokhu kwakhiwa okuqinile, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kufudumele kunzima kakhulu ukukuhlanganisa ekubukeni kwesayithi.
Enye indlela yokuthenga indlu yokushintsha ukuthenga isakhiwo esisetshenzisiwe. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isinqumo ngalo, hlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka: izinga lezinto zokugqoka. Thola mayelana namanani wamanje wamakhukhi amasha ohlobo olufanayo, izintengo zokuqasha i-crane yokuhambisa isakhiwo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindleko zokuhamba nazo kufanele zengezwe ezindlekweni zendlu uqobo. Hlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukufinyelela endaweni yesakhiwo, uthole ukuthi ngabe kunemikhawulo ekungeneni kwemishini yokwakha edolobhaneni. Futhi cabanga ukuthi ngabe kulula kangakanani ukwenza indlu yokushintsha ngezandla zakho.
Isitsha sokushintsha sendlu sinezinzuzo eziningi. Kuyaye kuthengwe ukuthenga isakhiwo esinjalo ukuze uhlale kuso ngenkathi kwakhiwa indlu enkulu, bese usithengisa. Isakhiwo esinjalo ngeke silingane nokuklanywa okuphelele kwethala, lapho konke kuvame ukwenziwa ngokhuni
Ukukhiqizwa okuzimele kwendlu yokushintsha
Naphezu kobulula obanele bokwakhiwa okwakhiwa, ukudweba kwendlu yokushintsha kusadingeka. Kuzosiza "ukuvumelanisa" kahle indlu eshintshelanayo ibe sendaweni esivele ikhona yesiza, isekele umakhi phansi. Ukuqonda ngeke kubuye kube nzima. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ikhabethe lizosebenza ngokuzayo njengendlu yokugeza noma indlu yezivakashi. Umdwebo uzonikeza ithuba lokubona ngeso lengqondo ukuthi ungayakha kanjani indlu eshintshwayo ngezandla zakho: kuzosiza ukwenza ukubalwa okufanele kwesidingo sezinto zokwakha namathuluzi.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu
Indawo yendlu yokushintsha esakhiweni inqunywa ngokuya ngokuthi umnikazi ufuna ukuyilahla kanjani ngemuva kwesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi unqume ngokushesha ukuthi amakhabethe azohlala esakhiweni noma kufanele awathengise ngokushesha nje lapho kudlula isidingo. Uma abanikazi bendawo bengadingi yithuluzi elichithwe, indlu yokugeza, noma indlu yezivakashi, indlu yokushintsha ingathunyelwa kwenye into noma imane ithengiswe. Lapho-ke isakhiwo kufanele sitholakale khona ukuze kube lula ukusikhuhla nge-crane kusuka endleleni yomgwaqo.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukusabalalisa isakhiwo, esihlala singathandeki. Uma indlu yokushintsha izosetshenziswa njengeyunithi yezomnotho, kunconywa ukuyibeka maphakathi nohlangothi olude lwendawo. Iguqulwe endlini yokugeza, indlu eshintshwayo kufanele ibekwe ekugcineni kwendawo, ngoba amazinga okuphepha ngomlilo kumele abhekelwe isakhiwo esinjalo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo
Zenzele ngokwakho ukwakha kwendlu yokushintsha kuqala ngesisekelo. Indlu eshintshiwe ayithathwa njengesakhiwo esindayo, ngakho-ke isisekelo sekholamu sisetshenziselwa ukuyakha. Uma amakhabethe ezodilizwa ngokuzayo, ngeke kube nzima ukukhipha isisekelo esinjalo. Okwakha okwesikhashana, kungcono ukhethe ama-cinder block - ashibhile, futhi uma kunjalo kulula ukuwenza wedwa.
Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, ebusweni bomhlaba endaweni yokubekwa kwama-cinder block, udinga ukususa ungqimba oluvundile, uhlanganise umhlaba ngokucophelela bese uwumboza ngama-geotextiles, bese uwugcwalisa ngesihlabathi bese uwubopha futhi. Sifaka amabhlogo we-cinder ngesisekelo esilungiselelwe, sibeka emakhoneni nawo wonke amamitha ayi-1.5. Amabhulokhi wesigaxa kufanele angavunyelwa ngamanzi ngezinto eziphahla ophahleni noma nge-bitum mastic, emva kwalokho uzimele wokhuni lwesakhiwo ulungiswa kusetshenziswa indlela yehange.
Isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwesikhashana senziwe lula ukwedlula imali eyimali: singaphasaniswa kalula uma ikhabethe kufanele lidilizwe
Lapho uhlela ukwenza ushintsho olungapheliyo endlini, inkosi kufanele inake kakhulu isisekelo. Kulokhu, ungqimba oluvundile luyasuswa ebusweni bonke, ama-geotextiles nesihlabathi esingu-5 cm abekwa, ahlanganiswe ngokucophelela. Ngaphansi kwezinsika zesisekelo, udinga ukumba izimbobo ezijulile ezingama-50 cm emakhoneni nakuwo wonke ama-1.5 m we-perimeter. Kodwa-ke, izigxobo zingafakwa kaningi. Sifaka emigodini ngama-geotextiles bese siwagcwalisa ngo-40 cm wesihlabathi esigcwele kahle.
Isisekelo senziwe kahle ngezitini, futhi kufanele sibe ngamasentimitha angama-30 ukuphakama (10 cm ebusweni bomhlaba no-20 - ngaphezulu). I-Armature okungenani yobude obuyimitha izoyiswa engxenyeni ephakathi yesisekelo. Kuyadingeka ukulungisa lag. Ngakho-ke, sishiya indawo engenalutho enkabeni, okuthi, ngemuva kokubeka izinduku, ithulule ukhonkolo. Ungakhohlwa ukuvimbela kwamanzi kwezinsika nge-bitumin mastic noma izinto zophahla. Izinga lokulawula ukuphakama kwekholomu eyodwa.
Sakha uhlaka lwezakhiwo nophahla
Lapho umbuzo wokwakha isisekelo ungasasebenzi, siqhubeka nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo uqobo. Sakha isisekelo sokwakhiwa: sibeka izingodo ezizungeze azungezwe futhi sizilungisa kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho sibeka okuhlukile futhi, ekugcineni, izingodo ezinde. Sisebenzisa ugodo olungama-150x100 mm kufreyimu yendlu yokushintsha, ukusuka lapho sibeka khona isitezi kanye nokuthunyelwe okusekelwa emakhoneni. Ukuxhumeka okuthembekile kuhlinzekwa ukusikeka kwizingodo, lapho imigoqo ifakwa khona kwenye futhi ixazululwe ngezikulufo zokuzibamba. Amagogo anciphisiwe ekuqiniseni ama-contours. Ukulungisa okuthe mpo futhi okunamathiselwe kubo kusetshenziswa ama-engeli angaphezulu nama-screw.
Uhlaka lwesakhiwo kumele lwakhiwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ikhwalithi yesakhiwo sisonke nokuqina kwayo kuncike kuso
Uhlaka lwendawo lukulungele, manje ungenza uhlaka lophahla. Ngophahla olulodwa oluboshwe, kudingeka imigoqo engu-50x100mm. Ama-Rafter azofakwa ukusikeka kwemigoqo yokuthwala. Ukulungiswa kwenzeka usebenzisa izikulufa zokuzithambisa. Ngemuva komphetho wendlu yokushintsha uqobo, ama-rafter kufanele ahambe ngo-30cm. Sikhetha i-ondulin njenge-coating, ngoba ayidingi amakhono akhethekile wokwakha. Idizayini ejwayelekile yophahla iqukethe i-hydro- ne-vapor barriers kanye nokufakwa.
Ema-rafter babeka i-crate yamapulangwe noma imigoqo eyenziwe ngokhuni, ngoba i-ondulin iyinto elula. Sifaka amashidi e-ondulin ngokugqagqana okuvela phansi kuya phansi sisebenzisa izifakelo ezikhethekile ezifakiwe kukiti. Manje usungafaka iminyango namafasitela.
Umsebenzi wokuqeda
Hhyi, isisekelo sendlu yokushintsha sesivele sakhiwe futhi umbuzo owesabekayo wokuthi ungayenza kanjani indlu yokuguqula ngokwakho wawungesabi kangako. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi awukaqedwa. Sifaka umugqa phansi, singakhohlwa ukuphatha amabhodi nge-antiseptic. Phakathi kwezendlalelo ezimbili zokuvimbela amanzi sibeka ungqimba loboya bamaminerali. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadideki ukuthi yiluphi uhlangothi lokuvimbela amanzi okufanele lukhona. Manje sesibeka phansi okokugcina.
Indlu enhle kangaka yoshintsho ingakhiwa ngezandla zakho ngesonto elilodwa kuphela, uma ufuna ngempela futhi uzama kanzima.
Ukufakelwa kwangaphakathi kwesakhiwo, sisebenzisa i-OSB uma ngabe isakhiwo sesikhashana noma silingana, uma kuzoba yisiza isikhathi eside. Ukulungisa okwenziwe kanye nokunye, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikulufa zokuzithaya, kunokuba kube ngezipikili. Ungakhohlwa ngesithiyo se-vapor kanye nokufakwa. Ngaphandle siguqula ikhabethe, ngokwesibonelo, ngendlu elivinjiwe. Kusasele ukwenza umpheme onethezekile futhi ukwakhiwa kwendlu ehlobo kungabhekwa njengokuqediwe.
