Ngosizo lokutshala ngobukhulu obukhulu, noma yimuphi umhlaba ngesikhathi esifushane ungaphendulwa ingadi enhle. Ziyafika izinsuku lapho kufanele utshale khona izithombo ulinde uhhafu wokuphila kwazo kuze kube yilapho ziphenduka izihlahla ezivuthiwe ezinomqhele omuhle. Manje, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ungatshala uzungu ngezihlahla ezinkulu ezinobukhulu - izihlahla ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha amane noma ngaphezulu. Kusungulwe ubuchwepheshe obenziwe ngemishini yokufaka izitshalo ezinkulu ezinobukhulu, obuvumela ukuthi izihlahla zabantu abadala zikhule endaweni entsha ngokulahleka okuncane. Ukusetshenziswa kokutshala okukhethekile kanjalo nezinto zokumba kusiza kakhulu inqubo yokuthwebula indawo. Kuhanjiswa izihlahla zisuka enkulisa zihlanganiswe nenqwaba yomhlaba, lapho kungenzeka khona ukugcina iningi lezinhlelo zezimpande ziqinile.
Phambilini, lo msebenzi wenziwa ebusika kuphela, ngoba ibhola lobumba eqandisiwe lalilula ukuluhambisa lukule ndawo luyiyo ngendlela yalo yasekuqaleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo ezinkulu ezinotshani zitshalwa unyaka nonyaka, njengoba ochwepheshe beza nezindlela zokuletha izihlahla ngenqwaba yomhlabathi oqinile entweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi efudumele, abanikazi bezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba bangabona ngokushesha izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezilethiwe, futhi babonge ubukhazikhazi bomqhele wayo nobuhle bombala wamaqabunga.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo ezinkulu ngosayizi kwenziwa yizinkampani zomhlaba (ama-studio), ngoba le misebenzi yokwenziwa komhlaba idinga imishini ekhethekile, kanye nabachwepheshe abanolwazi emkhakheni we-biology kanye ne-ecology.
Izihlahla ezithandwa kakhulu zokubona ngezwe
Ekubhekeni komhlaba kwezindawo ezingamadolobha angasese, kusetshenziswa zombili izihlahla ezinamandla futhi ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Phakathi kwezihlahla eziqothulayo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu ekutshaleni ingadi yemvelo:
- i-oki ebomvu ne-pedunculated;
- linden emise okwenhliziyo futhi encane-leaved;
- umlotha wasentabeni;
- i-acutifolia maple;
- i-elm ibushelelezi futhi inzima;
- umlotha;
- I-birch esindayo ne-fluffy.
Phakathi kwama-conifers, i-spruce, uphayini (umsedari futhi ojwayelekile), kanye ne-larch (yaseYurophu naseSiberia) zifunwa kakhulu. Zonke lezi zihlahla zikhula endaweni yaseRussia. Izinhlobo ezikhethekile zihlanganisa i-larch yaseJapan, i-grey ne-Manchurian walnut, i-Amur velvet. Lezi zihlahla zivumelaniswa kahle nezimo ezibonakala enkabeni yeRussia. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezisayizi yezithelo kufanele zihlukaniswe ngesigaba esihlukile. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezihlukene zezihlahla zama-apula, amapheya, amaplamu, ama-cherries, ama-apricots nezinye izihlahla zezithelo.
Izinto zokutshala zitholwa hhayi kuphela ezinkulisa zaseRussia, kodwa nakwakwamanye amazwe. Imvamisa, osayizi abakhulu balethwa eCzech Republic, ePoland naseJalimane. Ngokwemvelo, izinto zokutshala ezingeniswa ezweni zibiza kakhulu ikhasimende. Kodwa-ke, izindleko ezitholakele zikhokhwa ngenxa yokusinda okungcono kwezihlahla ezingenisiwe ezinokungazinzi okuqinile kanye nekhompiyutha, eyakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukufakelwa, uhlelo lwezimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaculi abakhulu base-Europe bangaphambili kwezimodeli zasekhaya ngokuya ngezimfanelo zokuhlobisa. Imvamisa, izihlahla ezethulwayo ezilandelayo zisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamakhasi endawo:
- fir-umbala owodwa;
- I-European linden;
- I-birch kaJacqueman;
- i-ash ash yaseThalingian kanye nophakathi;
- Uphayini womsedari waseKorea;
- Weimutov kanye neRumelian kaphayini;
- I-Tsuga Canadian;
- izinhlobo eziningana zamamephu.
Ukuluhlaza emaphandleni nge-evergreen conifers akuvumeli nje kuphela ukuhlobisa insimu, kodwa futhi nokugcwalisa umoya ngephunga elimangalisayo nelilusizo lezinaliti
Ungakhipha kanjani izinto zokutshala?
IKrupnomer yambela ngokuqapha ngokweqile, izama ukungadali umonakalo ohlelweni lwezimpande namagatsha aphansi esihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagatsha atholakala ezansi aboshwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukugaya isihlahla. Uma isitshalo sesihlahla esikhethiwe ukuthunyelwa sinamagatsha agulayo, aphukile noma omile, ngeke asaphuthuma ukusikha. Lawa magatsha asebenza njengohlobo lwesibhakela sokuvikelwa okuthembekile komqhele wesihlahla esidala ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Susa amagatsha owonakele ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sigxilile emgodini wokutshala.
Thola usayizi ofanele wethambo lobumba
Ububanzi besigaxa sobumba sesimo esiyindilinga sibalwa ngokususelwa kububanzi besiqu (isigaba sesiqu somuthi esisemitha elilodwa ukusuka entanjeni yempande yaso). I-diam ye-coma yomhlaba kufanele ibe ngu-10-12 ububanzi we-stem. Idatha eqondile eyamukelwe emphakathini wamazwe ingatholwa etafuleni, futhi ekhombisa ukuphakama kokwehla komhlaba. Ubukhulu bokunqotshwa kobumba besimo se-cubic ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwezihlahla zabantu abadala buyahlukahluka ebangeni: ubude, ububanzi - ukusuka ku-1 m kuya ku-2,5 m; ukuphakama - kusuka ku-0,7 m kuya kumamitha ayi-1. Izihlahla eziphakeme kancane zingambiwa ngesandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunconyelwa ukwandisa kancane ubukhulu obujwayelekile be-coma yobumba.
Ukumba ngokujulile kunqunywa uhlobo lomuthi. Kulokhu, izici zokukhula kohlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo esikhulu kanye nezimo zokukhula kwalo empeleni ziyabalwa. Lapho ugaya i-spruce ekhula enhlabathini enomswakama, ubukhulu be-coma yobumba buyi-1.5 m kanti ukuphakama kungamamitha angama-0.4. Kuyadingeka ukumba ngokujulile emhlabathini oyinyumba olula. Lapho ugaya i-oki, ukuphakama kwenhlama yomhlaba kufanele kusuka ku-1 m kuya ku-1,2 m. Kungcono ukuthatha izinto zokutshala ezikhula ezinhlabathini eziphakathi nendawo ezisindayo. Isigaxa sobumba esitshalweni esikhulu sobumba kulezi zinhlobo zenhlabathi sinobukhulu futhi sizinzile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ngama-capillaries amancane we-loamy Earthy coma wamanzi adonswa ngokukhululeka kusuka kumhlabathi ozungezile kuya ezimpandeni zesihlahla esikhulu esikhona emgodini wokutshala.
I-hydraulic jack isiza ukukhipha isigaxa sobumba emhlabathini ongaphansi, umthamo wawo okufanele ube kuhlu lwamathani ayi-15 ukuya ku-20.
Iphakethe le-Earthball
Isigaxa sobumba esinamabele aqhekekile, akhishwa enhlabathini yomama, sigcwele emgqonyeni okhethekile obhasikidi wensimbi. Kulesi siqukathi, isihlahla esiphansi sithuthelwa endaweni yokuhanjiswa okusha. Lapho befika esikhungweni, ubhasikidi onesihlahla wehliswa usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile emgodini wokufika oyilungiselelwe. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha esonakalisayo sidonswa siqonde phezulu, bese isihlahla sihlala endaweni efakwa kuyo.
Izimbotshana ezinkulu zomhlaba zigcwele amanetha wensimbi noma kubhavu. Lezi zinto zokwakha zivumela uhlelo lwezimpande lwesihlahla esidala ukuthi luhlale enhlabathini yabazali ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Ebusika, izihlahla ezimbiwe nazo zingahanjiswa ngaphandle kokupaka i-coma yobumba. Kudingeka kuphela ukunikela izinsuku ezimbalwa (kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-10) enhlabathini ekhishwe ukuze iqhwa. Inani lezinsuku lincike kusayizi we-coma yobumba kanye namazinga okushisa asendaweni. Esimweni esineqhwa, inqwaba yomhlaba nesihlahla idluliselwa entweni iphephile ngokuphelele.
Izidingo ezinkulu zokuhamba
Ukulayisha nokuhambisa izihlahla ezinkulu, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zemishini ekhethekile zingadingeka:
- ojantshi bamaloli;
- zonke izimoto zomhlaba ezihlonyiswe nge-hydraulic manipulators enamandla;
- amaloli wefulethi;
- ukuthunyelwa kwesihlahla kugandaganda;
- ama-skid steer layers;
- amasondo webhakede lamasondo wesondo, njll.
Izinsimbi zensimbi nezendwangu, izithandani, ama-carbines namanye amadivaysi asetshenziselwa ukukhipha nokuqinisa obukhulu obukhulu. Lapho benza umsebenzi wokumiswa (ukulungiswa) kwesihlahla esikhulu emotweni, bazama ukungalimazi amagxolo alo. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma isisulu esikhulu sobukhulu besigaxa sodaka noma sokwenza okuhlanganisiwe okusetshenzisiwe. Isiqu somuthi obekwe eceleni kwesidumbu seloli sisekelwa ngamaloli akhethekile okhuni. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine umqhele wesihlahla.
[faka i-id = "6" isihloko = "Faka umbhalo"]
Izihlahla ezingamamitha ayisishiyagalombili enale ndlela yokulethwa zikhuphuka ngaphezu komgwaqo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhamba kwabo ngaphansi kwamabhuloho, izintambo zikagesi, ngaphansi kothango lwemisele. Ngakho-ke, lapho bekhetha izinto zokutshala, bazama ukudlula izihlahla ezinde kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-12 m), ngoba izinto zabo zokuhamba zinzima futhi zibiza ngokwezezimali. Akudingi imishini ekhethekile enamandla kuphela yokukhishwa ngosayizi omkhulu, kepha futhi nomshini omude wokuhamba kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulethwa kwezimpahla ezinjalo ezinobuningi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuphelezelwa ngamaphoyisa omgwaqo.
Khetha isikhathi sokuhambisa izinto zokutshala ebusika, unaka isimo sezulu. Kuyenqatshelwa ukuthutha izihlahla ngamazinga okushisa ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18, ngoba ngaphansi kwalezo zimo amagatsha awo aba yisikhuni aphule.
Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala okufanele amasayizi amakhulu
Ukutshala izihlahla ezivuthiwe esizeni, kubalulekile, okokuqala, ukusula indawo yokwenza le misebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuya nge-dendroplan, bamba izimbobo zokutshala izitshalo ezinkulu. Amapayipi alungiswa kusenesikhathi noma ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba ukwehlisa kulethe izihlahla kuwo. Endabeni yokugcina, imigodi yesayizi edingekayo iyambiwa kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile. Uma kunesidingo, ukufakwa kwenhlabathi kwenziwa ngosizo lomhlaba ongenisiwe ezindaweni zokutshala izihlahla. Ngemuva kokufaka umshini omkhulu osisekelo emgodini wokufika, umhlaba ugcwele inqwaba kuze kufike ezingeni lomhlabathi.
Ukufakwa esizeni sendawo enkulu, eyenziwe ngogogo, kwenziwa emgodini, ubukhulu bawo okufanele buhambisane nomhlaba owembiwe
Ebusika, intambo yempande yesihlahla kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwalolayini. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi inyibilika, ihlale, nentamo yezimpande izowela endaweni yayo. Isigaba sokugcina sifaka ukufakelwa kweziphephe zezintambo ezizokuqinisekisa ukulingana kwesihlahla ngesikhathi saso sisetshenziswa endaweni entsha.
Lapho ubeka i-conifer emgodini wokutshala, kunconywa ukuthi ubheke ukuqondiswa kwamaphoyinti wekhadinali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amagatsha abhekiswe enyakatho endaweni eyayikhula ngaphambili yesitshalo esikhulu sasayizi kufanele abekwe endaweni efanayo kwisiza esisha.
Ukuqinisa isihlahla esitshaliwe ngezimpawu ezeluliwe ezenziwe ngezintambo kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuma okuzinzile kwesihlahla esikhulu ngosayizi lapho sikhula kahle endaweni entsha
Imithetho Yokunakekelwa Okuyisisekelo Yokudluliselwa
Inhlangano yokunakekelwa okufanele kwesitshalo esikhulwe ngobukhulu ivumela ukuthi iqhubeke nokuphila emhlabeni, futhi isheshise ukuqala kokukhula nokukhula kwesihlahla.
Enye yezinyathelo eziphambili ekunakekelweni kwezitshalo ezinkulu ezinotshwe phansi ukucutshungulwa kweziqu zazo nemqhele ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane evimbela ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane nokukhula kwezifo ezihlahleni ezisindile
Ochwepheshe abakhonza izihlahla ezitshalwe kabusha bakhiqiza:
- ukuchelela ngaphansi kwempande;
- ukuthenwa nokufafazwa komqhele;
- ukwethulwa kwezingubo zokugqokwa eziphezulu nezimpondo;
- aeration zone aeration;
- ukuphuculwa kokwakhiwa kwemishini yemhlabathi;
- Ukwehla kwenhlabathi;
- ukukhulula inhlabathi nokufakwa kwayo amabala, konke kungaphezulu futhi kujule;
- ukuqondaniswa kwesihlahla esibambelele entwasahlobo;
- ukuphathwa kweziqu ngezindlela ezikhethekile ezivikela izihlahla ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.
Ngosizo lwezihlahla zabantu abadala, ungakha noma ikuphi ukwakhiwa esizeni. Kwanele ukuthi ochwepheshe bakwazi “ukuzulazula ngewashi lomlingo” ukuze ihlathi likhule endaweni enamachilo, kuqhume isango, kube nezindawo ezibushelelezi, izihloko zezihlahla ze-coniferous zikhuphukele phezulu. Umphumela ngeke ube mude ngokuza lapho unikezela ngokutshalwa kwezitshalo ezinobukhulu obukhulu ezinkampanini ezikhethekile ezaziwa emakethe ngokuhlinzekelwa kwamazwe nezindawo zokubona izindawo ngezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
