I-Actinidia ingumvini we-thermophilic fruiting. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi lesi sitshalo esikwazi ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela ezimeni sezulu ezifudumele. I-Actinidia ikhula ngokugqamile ekudlulisweni okunamandla komoya e-Urals nasezindaweni ezibandayo zaseSiberia. Izwe lethu lajwayelana nalezi zivini ngekhulu le-19, okungenani, imithombo engokomlando yaqala kuleli khulu leminyaka. Ngalezo zinsuku, i-actinidia yayizalelwa ikakhulu eningizimu yeRussia nasezindizeni. Ama-Actinidia manje asekhule ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu zokuhlobisa ingadi nokukha izithelo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ukhule i-actinidia eSiberia
I-Actinidia (ezinye izinhlobonhlobo) ijwayelekile kithi ngezithelo zayo ezinoshukela, ezifana ne-kiwi. Manje lamajikijolo angatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo, esitolo noma emakethe. Kepha bambalwa abamaziyo njengomvini, abahlobisa ubuhlakani bezindlu ne-pergolas engadini. Ngasizathu simbe, kunenkolelo yokuthi i-actinidia, engowokuzalwa eSoutheast Asia, ingakhula futhi ithele izithelo kuphela lapho kufudumele. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona into edlula inganekwane. I-Actinidia isitshalo esivundile, izimbali zazo zihlukaniswe zinsikazi neziduna. Ukuzihlukanisa kulula. Izimbali zabesifazane zikhula zingasho lutho, izimbali zesilisa zakha amaqembu ama-inflorescence angama-3-4.
Ividiyo: ungazibona kanjani izimbali zabesifazane nabesilisa
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amazinga okushisa ehlobo eSiberia afinyelela +25 degrees, ilanga lisebenza kakhulu kunoku, ngokwesibonelo, eSocrhi. Ngakho-ke, i-actinidia itshalwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomthunzi. Lesi sitshalo asithathwa kalula yiqhwa kulesi sifunda kunezinye izitshalo. Kuya ngokuthi amahlamvu avela emvinini sekwephuzile impela. Uma amanye amagatsha esaqhubeka nokubanda, esikhundleni salokho, lesi sitshalo sikhipha amahlumela amasha amaningana.
Kuyiqiniso, eSiberia, njengasesifundeni ngasinye, ukutshala izilimo zezimbali kudinga indlela ekhethekile yokutshala, ukutshala nokunakekela, kucatshangelwa izici ezingafani nesimo sezulu.
Izinhlobo ze-actinidia zokukhula eSiberia
I-hein-hein ethanda ukushisa ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo. Kepha kunezinhlobo eziqinile zohlobo oluhlukile lwe-actinidia colomict, ezingakhula futhi zithele izithelo eSiberia. Njengamanje, zingaphezu kwama-30 izinhlobo ze-actinidia colomict ezibhalisiwe ebhukwini lombuso. Kusukela ngo-1908, ososayensi bebelokhu besebenza ekutshaleni izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingakhula futhi zithele izithelo ezimeni zezulu ezinzima.
Ukuzalela i-Actinidia I-I.V. I-Michurina
- I-Pineapple Michurin Actinidia. Lo ngumvini onzima ebusika oqondene nezinhlobo zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ukuthatha izithelo kuyeluliwe. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungalanda amajikijolo angama-5. Kubhekwa njengohlobo olukhiqiza kakhulu. Izithelo ze-Pineapple actinidia zingama-cylindrical, zithambile kancane kamuva, zinesisindo kusuka ku-2.3 kuye ku-3.5 g.
- Actinidia Clara Zetkin. Kuyaphikisana okuphakathi. Izithelo zivuthwa sekwephuzile. Isisindo se-berry elilodwa lihlukahluka kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-3.5 g. Ukwakheka kwesithelo kungamaphayiphu, umbala uluhlaza okotshani. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungalanda kuze kufike ku-2,6 kg.
Izithelo ze-actinidia umlimi uKlara Zetkin zinombala ophuzi oluhlaza
Ukukhetha igatsha laseMoscow i-VNIIR
- Sakhalin-23. Lesi yi-actinidia eqine ebusika. U-Liana ubhekwa njengophansi. Kubhekiselwa ezinhlotsheni zokuvuthwa kokuqala. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Izithelo zombala oluhlaza onemikhono emide. Isisindo se-berry elilodwa lisukela ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 g. I-astringency ekhanyayo inika amajikijolo ukunambitheka okuhlukile, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlanganiswa nephunga loju.
- Inyuvesi. Umvini onzima wobusika wezithelo ezivuthiwe eziphakathi nendawo. Amajikijolo aluhlaza ogcwele ngemivimbo emide, enemibala emincane, enesikhumba esiyingqayizivele. Ukubukeka kukude kufana ne-gooseberries. Okumnandi, cishe kwezithelo ezinoshukela ngephunga elikhanyayo le-citrus. Isivuno salolu hlobo ngeke sibizwe phezulu - 0.7-0.8 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izithelo ze-actinidia zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Universitetskaya zikhumbuza amajikijolo ka-gooseberry ngombala
- I-GF 17/9 ingumvini omisiwe. Kusebusika-hardy, isikhathi sokuzala sephuzile. Njenge-Universitetskaya, inombala oluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo egqamile. Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa siyehluka kusuka ku-1.5 g kuya ku-2.4 g. I-berry ine-flavour e-sitrobheli engenamandla. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungqoqa kuze kufike ku-1800 amagremu.
- Ngemuva kwebala Actinidia. Kubhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zobusika eziqinile. Ijabulisa abalimi ngokuvuthwa kokuqala. Ukwakheka kwama-cylindrical okwakhekile kwamajikijolo kungafinyelela ku-3.5 g. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kumnandi futhi kumuncu. Lapho eseqile, amajikijolo athambekele ekuqhekekeni. Isivuno salokhu okuhlukahlukene siyisilinganiso, sifinyelela ku-2 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Actinidia Homestead zinezithelo eziphakathi
Ukukhetha kweNovosibirsk
Ukukhethwa kweNovosibirsk kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezi-hybrid. Banokuqina okuqinile kobusika. Bahlukaniswa ngokuhlobisa okuhle kakhulu. Zibonakaliswa ngokuvuthwa kokuqala kwezithelo. Yonke inzalo yalokhu kukhethwa ingeyifomu elite.
- I-snowball Actinidia pollinator. Umvini omaphakathi nosayizi omningi ogeleza izimbali
- I-compact actinidia. Isihlahla siphakathi nendawo. Izithelo ziluhlaza obomvana ngombala, zibunjiwe ngesimo sazo. Kepha phakathi kwazo kukhona nezinhlobo zamaflethi. Isisindo se-berry esisodwa sisuka ku-2 kuye ku-3.9 g. Izithelo zimnandi, zinephunga lebhanana elikhanyayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zithathwa njengokuhoxa okuphezulu. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungalanda amajikijolo angama-4.
- Borisovskaya. Isihlahla esinamandla. Izimbali zesifazane. Izithelo zombala we-olive, lapho zivuthwa, zitholwa kakhulu. Izikweletu ekukhiqizeni okuhle kakhulu - kuze kufike ku-4,5 kg kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa.
- I-Novosibirsk kusenesikhathi. Isigaxa esinamatshe amaningi sinezimbali eziminyene. Izimbali ze-Actinidia zabobabili ubulili. Izithelo ziluhlaza ophuzi. Ijamo lingahle libe cylindrical noma limise okombala. Isisindo se-berry elilodwa lisukela ku-1.7 kuya ku-2.4 g. Isithelo salolu hlobo siphakeme kakhulu - sifinyelela kuma-7 kg esihlahleni esisodwa.
Phakathi kwabalimi, i-actinidia yezinhlobonhlobo zeNovosibirskaya ekuqaleni ibizwa nangokuthi "isithembu"
Ukutshala i-Actinidia eSiberia
I-Actinidia ithengwa izithombo ezimakethe, ezikhungweni zezimbali noma ezitolo zezingadi. Lapho uthenga, kubalulekile ukubheka nomthengisi ubulili besitshalo, ukuze ungathengi i-pollinator esikhundleni somvini othela izithelo. Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka izimpande. Isithombo esinezimpande ezomile noma ezonakele kungenzeka ukuthi singampande. Kulula ukutshala izitshalo ezitshalwe ezitsheni.
Abalimi bathanda izithombo, ngoba ukutshala nokukhula i-actinidia kusuka imbewu kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ukuqoqa isivuno sokuqala emvinini otshalwe imbewu kuzosebenza kuphela unyaka we-5-6.
ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-liana likhula emahlathini. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ku-infield kudinga ukutshalwa phakathi kwezihlahla zezihlahla. I-Actinidia ayikuthandi ukungabikho kokukhanya, kepha ukukhanya kwelanga ngokweqile kungaba yingozi kukho. Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ivikelwe kokusalungiswa.
Lesi sitshalo sithanda inhlabathi evundile enengqimba ye-humus. I-Actinidium izokwazi ukukhula ezindaweni ezonakaliswe ngamavithamini, kepha inhlabathi enjalo izonciphisa isivuno samabhele.
Ukutshala i-liana, kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi wokutshala onobubanzi obungama-50-60 cm. Ekuqaleni, kuthengiswa ingxube ye-humus ne-turf (noma i-chernozem). Ungangeza ku-humus 1 tbsp. l superphosphate. Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo we-phosphate, kufanele uhlanganiswe nenhlabathi, ukuze ungashisi izimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo sehlela egodini. Ifafazwe ngenhlabathi evundile. Ngemuva kokutshala, i-actinidia kumele iniselwe kakhulu. Umhlaba ozungeze i-actinidia kufanele ube umswakama, kepha ungamanzi, njengoba i-liana ingathandi umswakama omningi. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo ihlanganiswe nge-peat, utshani, izinkuni zokhuni noma sawdust. Kufakwa umquba emhlabathini ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala i-actinidia
Izici zokutshala nokunakekela
I-Actinidia, yize ingenakhohlisa, kepha idinga ukunakekelwa okuthile. Isibonelo, eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo kumele sisuswe ku-trellis, embozwe ngotshani, amaqabunga, hay, ifilimu yasengadini ebusika. Esikhundleni sefilimu, ungasebenzisa izikhwama zezolimo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela umvini ekuqandeni.
Kepha hhayi kuphela isithwathwa esilimaza izitshalo. Izilwane ezifuywayo azihambelani nokudla amahlumela amancane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amakati nezinja azitholi izithombo. Ungabiyela i-actinidia ngeseyili yepulasitiki noma lensimbi.
Lapho ukhula i-actinidia, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande lwesitshalo alungene shí emhlabathini. Ngokubona lokhu, udinga ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukufinyelela komoya ezimpandeni futhi kuvikeleke ukuqhekeka kwenhlabathi.
I-Shanking actinidia
Maphakathi noJulayi, ukusika kungenziwa. Kukhethwa isiqu esingaxhunyiwe ku-lign. Inqunywe izinso ezingama-2-3. Kumaqabunga, kuphela aseleyo. Kufanele kusikwe amaqabunga aphansi. Izilimo zitshalwa ekhoneni enhlabathini yesihlabathi. Ukuze izitshalo zikhule futhi ziqale ukukhula kahle, udinga ukuthulula kakhulu i-Actinidia bese umboza imibhede ngefilimu engadini. Lokhu kudala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa kwezindlu. Kungakapheli amasonto ayi-2-3, i-liana inezimpande endaweni entsha. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, izingadi zokugcina izithombo zingaqala ukuvula ngesimo sezulu esinamafu ukuze izitshalo zihambisane kancane kancane. Izimbumbulu ngemuva kokutshala zifafazwa izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ngosuku ukuze zigcine umswakama ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse. Njengoba umvini ukhula, ukuthambisa kufanele kunciphe kancane kancane.
IVidiyo: Ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-actinidia, izici zokunakekela
Tshala izakhamzimba nokuthena
U-Liana wondliwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngonyaka: entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umanyolo we-organic nosawoti we-potassium unezelwa enhlabathini. Njengoba i-actinidia iyazwela i-chlorine equkethwe kumanyolo we-potash, umthamo kufanele wehliswe. Esikhundleni semiyalo ebekiwe engu-30- 40 g nge-1 m2 10-20 g kwethulwa.
Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen wethulwa emhlabathini entwasahlobo. Umanyolo onjalo ufaka: i-Ammophos, Amandla Ami, iSlox-eco, injabulo yeZimbali nabanye. Ungawathenga ezikhungweni zezingadi, ezimakethe naku-inthanethi. Izindleko ziyahlukahluka kusuka kuma-ruble angama-75 kuye kwangama-390.
Umanyolo we-Diammofosk eziyinkimbinkimbi nge-nitrogen ne phosphorus kufanelekile ukondla i-actinidia entwasahlobo
I-Trinming actinidia yenziwa kangcono ngoSepthemba nango-Okthoba. AmaSecateurs asusa amagatsha amadala we-creeper. Kungcono ukuzisika ngezingxenye - ngakho-ke kuzoba lula ukuzikhipha ku-trellis. Kuyasiza ukuhlola ngokucophelela i-actinidia ngeziqu ezilimele. Amagatsha anqamula futhi asikwa ukunikeza umoya omncane owanele phakathi kweziqu. Amagatsha wokusika asuswe ngokushesha.
Ividiyo: unquma kanjani i-actinidia
Izifo ze-Actinidia eSiberia
Lo liana akavamile ukugula. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-actinidia ikhula ngenkuthalo futhi ithela izithelo. Noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi lezi zitshalo zichayeka kulezi zifo:
- i-powdery hlobo;
- ukulimala kwesitshalo ngesikhunta;
- ukubola kwezithelo.
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukuthi kususwe amagatsha alinyazwe yizifo bese eshisa ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo, kubalulekile ukufafaza izitshalo nge-1% Bordeaux ewuketshezi ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlamvu emvinini. Ukuze ubhubhise i-Powusy isikhutha, udinga ukufafaza i-actinidia ngesisombululo esingu-0,5% se-ash ash. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, kumele uphinde inqubo.
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi mayelana nokutshalwa kwe-actinidia
I-Actinidia ibilokhu ikhula isikhathi eside. Amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu. Anombala ophuzi, kepha hhayi omuncu. Ngine-asidi ephezulu. Isibonelo, angikwazi ukudla ama-currant amnyama amaningi, kepha ama-actinidia amaningi ngendlela engithanda ngayo. Into engingayithandi ukuthi ubuyisela isivuno kancane kancane. Kuyadingeka ukubeka ifilimu ngaphansi kwesihlahla, ngoba amajikijolo avuthiwe awela phansi.Anamaqabunga amahle kakhulu, uhhafu opinki, omhlophe ngxenye. Maphakathi nehlobo kukhona ubuhle obunjalo.
U-Orina
//www.bolshoyvopros.ru/questions/1823909-aktinidija-otzyvy-kto-sazhal-chto-eto-za-rastenie.html
Ngitshale kuphela “intombazane” kanye “nomfana” kulo nyaka. Lo ngumvini we-dioecious. Ngiyizamile - ngiyithandile. Amakati amthanda kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, iminyaka emithathu yokuqala kufanele iboshwe, ngoba izobopha.
Ithemba 129
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Eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngathenga ikholomu yase-Actinidia eFinland, ngangiqinisekiswa ukuthi lesi sitshalo siyazazisa (kukhona esesibizwa ngegama elithi Annikki). Kodwa-ke, empeleni kwavela ukuthi bebengitshele indoda. Futhi ngakubona lokhu kuphela kulo nyaka (yize kwakukhona ukungabaza ngaphambili) lapho ngithenga i-Annicki yesibili. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimbali kuzo zombili izitshalo, ngiziqhathanisa .... Ngenhlanhla kimi akukho mkhawulo. Sengathi uyakwazi ukuzama kulo nyaka.
Tatyana
//forum.homecitrus.ru/topic/305-aktinidii-actinidia-kolomikta-arguta-vse-krome-kivi/page-5
Futhi eNyakatho yethu, ubekezelela ubusika ngaphandle kokukhosela nokubandayo okubandayo kwehlobo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye sithele izithelo ...
Nina Nikolaevna
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I-Actinidia ibhekisela kulezo zitshalo ezijabulisa futhi zihlobisa, nezithelo ezimnandi. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokuhambisana nemithetho elula, lo mvini ungakhula ezifundeni ezahlukene zezwe. NaseSiberia kuyafana. Abalimi abasebenza ngokwengeziwe nabalimi bahlola amasiko amasha ngentshiseko nangokubekezela. Siyethemba ukuthi izeluleko zethu zizosiza kuleli bhizinisi elinzima, kodwa elijabulisa kakhulu.
