- Bheka: heather
- Isikhathi Sezimbali: Ephreli, Meyi, Juni
- Ukuphakama: 0.3-1.5m
- Umbala: Omhlophe, opinki, ophuzi, obomvu, ophuzi, ophuzi
- Okungenasisekelo
- Ubusika
- Unamahloni
- Ukuthanda
Kunzima ukucabanga indawo engaphansi kwedolobha engenazo izakhamizi ezijwayelekile ezihlala njalo - ama-peonies, ama-roses, ama-poppies, ama-dahlias, ukuhlobisa imibhede yezimbali kanye nemibhede yezimbali ngezigqoko zazo ezihlanzekile ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ezindlini zasehlobo zomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo kanye naseningizimu ungathola isihlahla esihle esingajwayelekile esifana ne-rose. Le yi-Rhododendron, isitshalo esingcono kakhulu se-thermophilic. Akulula ukuthola indlela yokuya kuyo, kepha ukutshalwa nokunakekelwa kwama-Rhododendrons ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwabanye abathandi bezitshalo ezingandile kukhula kube yinto yokuzilibazisa - lezi zimbali ezinhle kakhulu futhi zicwengekile.
Isimenywa esingajwayelekile ekhaya lakho
Njengezitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza kakhulu, i-Rhododendron ayitholakali kakhulu ezilwaneni zasendle zaseRussia, futhi ikhula kuphela ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwabalimi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zinezimpande futhi zizizwa zizinhle kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ngakho-ke zingatshalwa ngokuphepha eCrimea, eKrasnodar Territory noma eStavropol Territory. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, iDaursky noma iCanada, zikhula kahle esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ngakho-ke uma uhlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweMoscow, ama-Urals noma ngisho nasezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseSiberia, i-Rhododendron ingahlobisa futhi ikhishi lakho lasehlobo ngezimbali zalo ezinhle.
Ngokuhunyushwa ngokweqiniso kusuka esiLatini, "rhododendron" kusho "i-rosewood" - futhi, empeleni, lesi sitshalo sibukeka kakhulu njenge-rose ngokubonakala kwayo, yize ingabhekiseli kwi-rosacea, kepha ku-heather
Impela, ujwayelene nolunye lwezinhlobo ze-rhododendron - lena yi-azalea yasekhaya eyaziwayo, ihlala ihlobisa amafasitela ezindlini zedolobha. Ihlukaniswa ngokuqhakaza okuqhakaza nezithunzi ezahlukahlukene.
Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthi izihlobo zalesi sitshalo esincane singafinyelela kumamitha angama-25-30 ukuphakama, yize empeleni ziseHimalaya, eJapan, eNyakatho Melika, ezinye izinhlobo zikhula zibe ngosayizi omkhulu kangaka.
Kukhona nama-Rhododendrons aphansi, angamakhasi ahlukile noma izihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezizizwa zikhululekile ezansi kwezintaba nasezigangeni ezisogwini lolwandle.
Izinhlobo zezintaba zincanyana futhi zilungele ukuhlela ama-slides e-alpine. Isibonelo, i-Kamchatka rhododendron ayithobeki, ikhula ize ibe ngu-35-40 cm kuphela ukuphakama futhi ibe nombala opinki okhanyayo
Phakathi konyaka nonyaka (futhi cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-3 isiyonke), ungakhetha okuhlukahlukene okunezimpawu zazo ezifanele ukulinyelwa esifundeni esithile.
Uma udinga umthunzi okhethekile - obomvu, onsomi, omhlophe noma ophuzi - lokhu futhi ngeke kube yinkinga, ngoba iphalethi yombala yezilimo icishe ayinamkhawulo. Isiko lokuqhakaza liqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi liyaqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele.
Ngenxa yepende yemibala kanokusho, izingadi ze-azaleas zingahlanganiswa nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo futhi zisetshenziselwe ukukhula e-columbaria, izingadi zamadwala, imibhede yezimbali enamazinga amaningi
Ukutshala kweRhododendron: isikhathi, inhlabathi, ukukhanyisa
Ukulandela izincomo ezijwayelekile, ukutshala kungenziwa zombili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhula esilungele wena, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sezimbali nesikhathi esifushane ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali - cishe izinsuku eziyi-10. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi basalokhu begcizelela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo, okuqhubeka, kuya ngesifunda, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi 10-15.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezitshalwe ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi sezivele zimbozwe ngombala obukhulu ngamaholide kaMeyi - ngokubhekisisa ingemuva lamahlamvu angenasisekelo kanye nemifino enotshani entsha, abukeka emangalisa kakhulu.
Enye yama-rhododendrons aqala ukuqhakaza izimbali nguP.J. IMezitt isitshalo esipholile esinama-buds apinki kanye nampunga. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kuqala eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli - eyokuqala kaMeyi
Kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala, njengoba elangeni elikhanyayo isitshalo sizizwa singakhululekile, futhi endaweni emnyama ngokuphelele ngeke sikunikeze ukuqhakaza okuthe xaxa.
Kungcono ukwephula imbali enama-rhododendrons ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesakhiwo, endaweni enombala obomvu, ukuze kuthi ntambama, lapho imisebe yelanga ifinyelele emandleni awo aphezulu, isitshalo sivalwe ngokuphelele kubo.
Hhayi izindonga zesakhiwo kuphela, kepha uthango noma izihlahla ezinde zingasebenza njengesithiyo somthunzi wengadi yezimbali. I-Rhododendron ihlangana kahle nezihlahla ezinezimpande zazo zijula enhlabathini futhi zingaphazamisi ukukhula kwesitshalo - ngama-oki, i-larch, i-spruce nezithelo - ngamapheya noma ngesihlahla sama-apula
Izimbali azikwazi ngokuphelele ukubekezelela inhlabathi ye-alkali noma engathathi hlangothi - kufanele ibe-acidic, igcwele humus, i-aerated kahle, ngaphandle kokungcola kwe-lime. Enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula ingxube ye-peat nobumba.
I-Rhododendron itshalwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- bhala izimbobo, ezingashonile (35-40 cm) futhi ububanzi banele (55-60 cm);
- engxenyeni engezansi idonswa isendlalelo se-sand-pebble (10-15 cm);
- zimbozwe ngengxube ye-loam ne-peat (ephezulu noma i-sphagnum, ene-acidity ephansi), ngenkathi i-peat kufanele ibe ngaphezulu kwezikhathi ezi-2;
- yenza kancane inhlabathi engaphakathi emgodini bese wenza umgodi kuyo ube usayizi webhola lobumba lombewu;
- yehlisa izimpande zesithombo emgodini bese uzigcwalisa ngengxube yenhlabathi eduze kwentamo yezimpande, okuthi ngenxa yalokho kube sezingeni elifanayo nehlabathi lomhlabathi;
- nisela isitshalo kakhulu uma inhlabathi yomile;
- khiqiza i-mulching (ekujuleni kuka-cm cm), okuyilapho i-peat, i-moss, izinaliti ezibolile, amaqabunga namagxolo e-oak achotshoziwe.
Ukuze wenze isitshalo sivele kangcono izimpande endaweni entsha, ngaphambi kokutshala, cwilisa izimpande ngamanzi - cwilisa izithombo esitsheni samanzi kuze kube yilapho kungatholakali ama-bubble waphezulu ebusweni.
Isikimu sokutshala esiseduze kwe-Rhododendron: 1 - inhlabathi engadini; 2 - imisele; 3 - inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ye-peat, ubumba noma i-loam; 4 - ungqimba lwezinaliti zikaphayini
Kukhona elinye iqhinga elibamba iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni okungcono kohlelo lwezimpande. Esitsheni esiqhakaza izimbali, sinqume amahlamvu aluhlaza kakhulu - ngaleyo ndlela lesi yisithombo sizosebenzisa amandla amaningi ekutsheni ukhula. Ukutshala nokuqhubeka nokunakekela i-rhododendrons yizigaba ezibalulekile, ngokulandela zona uzothola imiphumela emangalisayo.
Ukwenza isihlahla esitshaliwe kungcono ukukwenza emavikini ambalwa - ngemuva kokubola ngokuphelele. Unganikeza isitshalo ukwakheka okuthile, futhi usihlobise isisekelo ngokuya ngesitayela sokuqamba kwendawo yakho
Imisebe yokunakekelwa kwezimbali
Imithetho yokunakekelwa okufanele kwesihlahla esiqhakaza ayifani nezindinganiso ezamukelwa ngokubanzi: kuyadingeka ukubheka umbuso wokunisela, ukhula kanye nokuthenwa ngesikhathi, ukondla lesi sitshalo ngamaminerali afanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinambuzane azitholakali.
Kukhona okufihlayo, ngokwesibonelo, indlela emnene lapho kukhululwa. Izimpande zesitshalo zisondele kakhulu ebusweni, ngakho-ke inhlabathi kumele idambulwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukugaya akufanele kwenziwe nhlobo. Lapho ususa ukhula, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-chopper noma ummese engadini, ungenza kuphela ngesandla.
Ukunisela umbuso kanye nezici
Isilinganiso se-Rhododendron emswakama sithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayikubekezeleli ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudinga ukufafazwa okungapheli nokunisela ngamanzi alungiselelwe ngokukhethekile.
Ngisho noma ukhetha indawo ongayifaka kuyo, hlola ukubona ukuthi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asondele yini ebusweni. Iqiniso ukuthi ngenani elikhulu lomswakama enhlabathini, izimpande zimane "ziminyanise" futhi isitshalo siyafa. Kungakho ungqimba lwamanzi ludingeka ukukhipha amanzi amaningi.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubheka umbuso wokunisela nokunisela kwasemkhathini ngesikhathi sokuqhakambisa izimbali nokuqhakaza - okungcono ukuthambisa, ukugqama kanye nobuhle be-inflorescence
Ukunisela kwenziwa njalo, pre-acidifying amanzi - lokhu, amahora 12-20 ngaphambi kokunisela, 2-3 izandla ezimbalwa of sphagnum Peat zifakwa esitsheni ngamanzi. Kungcono ukungasebenzisi amanzi ompompi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kumele kuvikelwe. Okufanele - imvula. Ukuvama kokunisela kuya ngesimo sesitshalo: lapho nje amaqabunga eselahlekelwe ubukhazikhazi bawo bese eshintsha i-turgor - sekuyisikhathi samanzi.
Ukusika isitshalo
Umqondo wokutshala unemibandela kakhulu. Imvamisa lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokulinganayo futhi sakha isihlahla esinamanzi amaningi ifomu elifanele, ngakho-ke abathandi bemibhede yezimbali ebandayo akudingeki ukuthi bathathe izihlahla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka unciphise isihlahla, usenze sinciphise noma senziwe kabusha.
Ukuthena kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho kuqala ukugeleza kwesixha. Khetha amagatsha aqinile, awugqinsi obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-3-4, usike ngokucophelela iziphetho ngesikaki segadi bese ucubungula izingcezu nge-varnish noma i-resin engadini eyenziwe kahle. Cishe inyanga eyodwa kamuva, inqubo yokuvuselela izoqala, iqhubeke unyaka wonke - amahlumela amasha azoqalwa bese ama-buds okulala eqala ukukhula.
Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla eziqandisiwe noma ezindala kudinga ikhono elikhethekile: amagatsha awugqinsi kufanele asikwe ebangeni elingama-35-40 cm kusuka emhlabathini ngokuhlukile iminyaka emi-2: ingxenye yalo nyaka, owesibili - olandelayo
I-Rhododendrons ibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okungalingani. Uma kulo nyaka bekujabulisile ngombala onodlame ikakhulukazi, lindela imiphumela ethe xaxa ngonyaka olandelayo. Ukugwema lokhu, ama-buds aqothulwe kufanele asuswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizoba namandla okuthola ama-buds amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nezifo
Amagatsha ahlanganisiwe anamahlamvu aminyene namaqabunga amaningi ayindawo enhle yokuhlala izinambuzane, ingxenye yawo engacekela phansi ubuhle obukhule emavikini ambalwa, ngakho-ke kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuvikela isihlahla.
Iziqu ezinkulu kanye namagatsha ayindawo ayithandayo yama-mollusks. I-slugs neminenke kuvunwa ngesandla. Qaphela izinambuzane ezikala esikalini, izimbungulu, izimbuzane zesicabucabu, izimpukane ze-rhododendron, izibungu zemidumba. Phatha iziqu namagatsha nge-8% fungator "Tiram", iKarbofos isiza kahle.
Kunzima kakhulu ukususa izimbungulu, imikhaza, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-weevil, ukuqeda ukuthi isetshenziswa kuphi i-diazonin. Khumbula, ukusho okuhle kusihambeli esiyingozi kuze kube phakade, awudingi ukucubungula kuphela isitshalo uqobo, kodwa futhi nenhlabathi ephezulu eyizungezile
Kanye nezilokazane ezinambuzane, ama-rhododendrons asongelwa izifo zokukhunta - ukugqwala, chlorosis, ukubonwa. Isizathu silele ekuntuleni kwe-aeration nokungahambisani nombuso wokunisela. I -ellelless ebangelwa yisifo se-chlorosis iphathwa ngesixazululo se-iron chelate. Uma ukubola sekuvele, amahlumela athintekile kufanele anqunywe ngokuphelele. Ukuvimbela, ukwelashwa kwesizini nge-Bordeaux fluid kuqhutshwa ekwindla noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.
Ukufaka umanyolo nokukhethwa komanyolo
Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukondla ama-Rhododendrons kusuka ekutshaleni nakuyo yonke inkathi yezimbali. Ukugcina imvelo ene-acid ibalulekile isiko, i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate, i-potrateum nitrate, i-magnesium sulfate noma i-calcium, ama-ammonium asetshenziswa, kepha ngokushaqeka okungenani.
Ukugqoka kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen (40-50 g ye-magnesium sulfate noma i-ammonium nge-1 cubic metres ye-liquid), kuyabandakanyeka nangesikhathi ngemuva kokuqhakaza. NgoJulayi, umthamo womanyolo kufanele wehliselwe ku-20 g.
Ukugqoka okuhle okuphezulu kwama-rhododendrons yisisombululo se-liquid samanyolo wemvelo anjengofulawa wempondo noma indle yenkomo. Umquba ozungeziwe ufakwa emanzini (ingxenye eyi-1 yomanyolo ezingxenyeni eziyi-15 zamanzi), ufakwe ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 futhi usetshenziswe ngenkathi kuniselwa
Iminyaka engu-1-2 ngemuva kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuvuselela inhlabathi engaphezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-peat ixutshwa ngokulingana okulinganayo ne-humus noma umquba futhi ifafazwe endaweni ezungeze izimpande. Kanye nezithako zemvelo, i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate noma i-ammonium zengezelelwa embhedeni (uketshezi - 1 ithisipuni ngalinye). Njengempuphu eyomile, i-Agricola ingasetshenziselwa izitshalo zasengadini eziqhakazayo. Khumbula ukuthi izihlahla ezinamanzi kuphela ezidinga ukuvundiswa.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza - okufanele zikhethwe
Cabanga ngezindlela ezintathu eziphumelela kakhulu zokusakazwa kwe-Rhododendron ezimweni zasengadini:
- ngembewu;
- ukusika;
- layering.
Ukutshala izitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kungumsebenzi omude futhi onzima. Imbewu eyomile, imbewu enempilo ihlwanyelwa emabhodweni noma emabhokisini ane-peat emanzi, engeza isihlabathi esithile, isembozo ngesigaxa sengilazi bese ibekwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle. Kungakapheli nenyanga, kuyadingeka ukuthambisa inhlabathi futhi ususe i-condensation engilazini.
Izithombo ezivele ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4 zitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa enesimo sezulu esipholile ngohlobo lwe-2 x 3 cm.Izithombo zizokhula isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi emva kweminyaka engu-6- 7 uzobona ukuqhakaza kokuqala
Ukusakazwa ngokusikwa nakho akukude kubo bonke abalimi. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha amahlumela angamakhanda angama-half, bese usika ukusika okuningana kubo okungaba ngu-7-8 cm ubude.
Amacembe asuswa kusuka ezansi, bese kuthi ukuphela kuphathwe kubekwe esitsheni esine-heteroauxin - isishukumisi sokukhula, lapho sibanjelwa khona amahora ayi-12-16
Ngemuva kwalokho ibekwe enhlabathini ye-peat futhi imbozwe, njengasendabeni yembewu. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-cuttings aqala ukuvela ezinyangeni ezingama-2- 2, emva kwalokho adluliselwe emabhokisini anenhlabathi ye-peat-coniferous bese ayiswa kohlaza okotshani. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu ngu-10ºС. Etshalwe entwasahlobo nezinye izimbali, khona kanye emabhokisini, futhi kuphela emva kweminyaka embalwa zingatfakelwa endaweni enkulu yokukhula.
Inketho elula kakhulu yokukhiqiza kabusha izingqimba. Kuthathwa ihlumela elisezingeni eliphansi eliguquguqukayo, kudonswa ujule ongama-12-16 cm eduze kwalo, bese kubekwa inqubo kulo mkhondo.
Ukuze angavuki, ingxenye ephakathi yesiqu iphiniwe, ifafazwe nge-peat ngaphezulu. Ingxenye engenhla kufanele ikhishwe futhi iboshelwe kusekela - isikhonkwane sokhuni esiboshwe emhlabathini
Ukubekelwa phansi kunakekelwa ngendlela efanayo nesihlahla sonke - kuyaniselwa futhi kufafazwe. Lapho kuthathwa izimpande (ekwindla sekwephuzile noma entwasahlobo), ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela, imbwe futhi itshalwe kabusha endaweni yokukhula okuqhubekayo. Le ndlela ilungele kakhulu ukusabalalisa ama-rhododendrons aqukethe amandla.
Amabanga ezwe athandwa kakhulu
Engadini coniffort engamamitha ayi-2 Daursky rhododendron coexists kahle. Kubonakala ngokuqhakaza okuqhakaza kwezimbali okufinyelela kububanzi obuyi-4 cm.
Uma isizini efudumele idonsela phansi, khona-ke izinhlobonhlobo zeDaursky ngokuqinisekile zizokujabulisa ngezimbali eziphindaphindwayo zekwindla, futhi ebusika obulandelayo isitshalo esimba obusika sizoqhakaza ngemodi ejwayelekile
I-Adams Rhododendron yisimenywa sakwamanye amazwe esijwayele ukuhlangana nenhlabathi enamadwala.
Isitshalo esihle esinezimbali ezipinki eziphaphathekile sikhula sibe ngamamitha owodwa nengxenye ukuphakama. Ezweni lethu kutholakala imvamisa, futhi eBuryatia kubhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu
I-Rhododendron yaseCaucasian ephazamisayo ephansi ingukutholwa kwangempela kwezingadi zamadwala.
I-inflorescences ye-Caucasian rhododendron ihlukaniswa ngumqhele ophuzi ophuzi noma okhilimu, ozonciphisa ngokumangazayo imibala egcwele kakhulu, ecebile yolunye uhlobo
I-Rhododendron yaseJapan iyinhlobonhlobo enhle ebabazekayo enamahlamvu e-flamingo.
Ama-Rhododendrons aseJapan anezimbali ezimangalisayo namahlamvu anobuhle obusika ekwindla azithobile, aqine ebusika futhi azala kahle nganoma iyiphi indlela - inketho enhle yokukhula enkabeni yeRussia
Futhi ekugcineni - ividiyo emfushane yokuthi ungayifinyelela kanjani ukuqhakaza okumangalisayo kwama-rhododendrons.
