Lapho abanikazi abajabulayo bekhishi labo ehlobo okokuqala ngqa befika kuma-5-10 amahektare abo, khona-ke ezimweni eziningi bazoba nesithombe esingathandeki. Umhlaba ogcwele ukhula nezihlumela zasendle, unezihlahla zemisayiphu nezinalithi ezizisebenzisayo ekuqaleni kokubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi lapha awunakugwenywa. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthembela kwisivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa komhlaba kabusha, yingakho abahlali basehlobo kuqala bekuthatha lokho ukuthi bahlaziye ukwakheka kwenhlabathi yomhlaba, i-acidity, umswakama, njll. Futhi ngokuya ngezinkinga ezihlonziwe, benza izinhlobo ezifanele zokubuyiselwa komhlaba kabusha.
Kusuka eLatini futureoratio uhumusha ngokuthi "ukuthuthuka." Leli gama emhlabeni wasendulo liqoke uhlelo lwezinyathelo inhloso yazo ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nokuzala komhlaba ukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Umhlaba omuhle ubekelwe iminyaka yonke, ngakho izazi zezolimo zezulu zeza nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuguqula inhlabathi engafanelekile ibe yindawo yokuzala. Zaletha amanzi ezindaweni eziyomile, zaqeda ukugcwala kwamanzi nosawoti ngokweqile, zalungisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, zeza nezinhlobonhlobo zomquba. Ngenxa yalokhu, izindawo ezine zokuvuselelwa komhlaba zakhiwa, manje ezisetshenziswa emapulazini engadi, emapulazini, njll.
Ukutshala - ukuqala komsebenzi wokuphinda wenze kabusha
Uhlobo lwamasiko nobuchwepheshe bokubuyiselwa komhlaba kabusha kwenziwa ngabahlali behlobo ngalinye ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwendawo. Ukuze uthole umhlaba oqondile kuleyo ndawo eyilahliwe yokwephula imibhede nezimbali zemibhede, kumele okungenani ugawule izihlahla ezindala, iziqu zeziqu, usike izihlahla zokugcwala ugcwalise izimbobo, futhi uhlanze indawo ngamatshe. By the way, ngezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokusiphula izingqubu zingatholakala engxenyeni ehlukile ethi "Rooting of stumps kwesihlahla." Lapho umhlabathi usulungiswa ukulima kokuqala, kuhlaziywa uhlobo lomhlabathi. Emhlabathini onobumba obunzima, kwenziwa isanti, kwethulwa kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-20 cm wesihlabathi bese kuyinuka ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa umbuso wamanzi nowomoya wamanzi omhlaba, kwenyusa izinga lokufudumala kwenhlabathi, kuqede ukwakheka kwamaqhubu esikhathini esomile.
Okuhlukile ngumbumba. Kwenziwa ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi esikhanyayo nesimpofu. ILoam isakazeke ngesendlalelo esingafika ku-10 cm ngaphansi kokulima. U-Clay usiza ukugcina umswakama futhi ucebise inhlabathi ngezinto zomkhondo ezinganele esihlabathini.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi odlalwa ekotishi lasehlobo, isihlabathi, udaka, i-chernozem, i-peat crumb nezinye izakhi zengezwa ukusiza ukuthuthukisa umoya nomoya wokuthola kwenhlabathi.
Uma isiza sitholile kuma-peat bogs, khona-ke kunconywa ukwethula ubumba nesihlabathi ngasikhathi sinye. Amapulangwe we-Peat ajwayele ukufudumala ekujuleni okukhulu, futhi ukwethulwa kwengxube enobumba lwesihlabathi kwenza umhlabathi ube lula, kusheshise inqubo yokuncipha kwenhlabathi entwasahlobo futhi kuvumela ukuhlwelwa kwemibhede ezinsukwini eziyi-1012 ngaphambi kokujwayelekile.
Umsebenzi wokuhlehlisa kabusha: lawula izinga lomswakama
Isitshalo ngasinye sinezidingo zaso zamanzi, kepha iningi asikakubekezeleli ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka komswakama. Ngakho-ke, ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwenhlabathi kufaka phakathi ukuqondiswa okunjiniyela we-hydraulic. Umsebenzi wawo ukusungula izinga elijwayelekile lomswakama enhlabathini ngosizo lwezinyathelo, ezithinta isivuno sezitshalo. Ngokuya endaweni okuyona isiza (indawo ephansi noma igquma, ukusondela endaweni yokugcina yemvelo noma indawo enamagquma egquma ...), nquma ukuthi imuphi umsebenzi wokunisela nowokudonsa edingekayo ezindaweni ezithile zesiza.
Ukulungiswa kwamanzi: kususa umswakama okweqile
Uma umhlali wasehlobo "enenhlanhla" yokuthola umhlaba ezweni eliphansi, lapho ngemuva kwemvula yonke inhlabathi ingoma amasonto, kuyodingeka wakhe uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izitshalo zizobuna, futhi isisekelo sezakhiwo sizoqala ukuwohloka ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kweqhwa noma izikhukhula. Ngokuya ngezinga lokweqisa, uhlelo lokuvula, oluvulekile, noma oluvaliwe lwamanzi lonke indawo luyakhiwa. Ungafunda kabanzi ngobuchwepheshe bokubeka amanzi esihlokweni esithi "System of drainage of the water on the site."
Uma isiza sitholakala ezweni eliphansi, khona-ke inkinga yaso enkulu izokhuphuka umswakama wenhlabathi, ongasuswa ngokudonsa okuvaliwe
Ukunisela kwenhlabathi: kusiza ukulwa nesomiso
Uma inhlabathi ilula futhi ibamba umswakama ngokubuthakathaka, kanye nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo, uhlelo lokunisela lwendawo kufanele lucatshangwe. Ehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezilimo engadini, umswakama ubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwawo, izitshalo zingalahla umbala, zinciphise ukwakheka kwama-ovari, nezithelo zizoncibilika zibe zincane. Ngakho-ke, abahlali behlobo bakhetha enye yezinhlobo zokunisela, ezuzisa kakhulu ezimeni ezithile.
Ngakho-ke, indlela engaphezulu yokunisela isetshenziswa kaningi emazweni amakhulu ezolimo. Amanzi adonswa phezu kwenhlabathi ngemisele ekhethekile, imisele, imichilo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izikhukhula eziphelele zezindawo ziyasetshenziswa.
Ukufafaza kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokunisela emapulazini angasese. Amanzi angena enhlabathini ngesimo semvula encane ngamafafaza afakwe ezindaweni ezifanele. Inzuzo yokunisela okunjalo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuphansi kakhulu kunokunisela komhlaba. Kulokhu, akudingekile ukumba imigodi ekhethekile, okusho ukuthi inhlabathi isetshenziselwa umkhawulo. Umswakama awugcini nje kuphela izimpande zezitshalo, kepha futhi wenza ikholomu ephakeme, ehlanza amaqabunga ezitshalo othulini futhi asheshise izinqubo ze-photosynthesis.
Lapho ngokunisela isiza ngokufafaza, hhayi kuphela izimpande zezitshalo, kodwa futhi yonke ingxenye engaphezulu komhlaba igcwele umswakama, okusheshisa izinqubo ze-photosynthesis
Ukunisela okungaphansi kuyindlela ekhathaza kunazo zonke yokwandisa umswakama wenhlabathi. Kudinga ukubeka imibhobho eyenziwe ngokugcobisa kuso sonke isigaba futhi uyixhume namaphampu. Amanzi adonswe ingcindezi azohamba ngamapayipi bese kancane kancane ashiya izimbobo zenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela andise umswakama wawo. Izinhlobonhlobo zokunisela komhlaba ongaphezulu ukuchelela ngenkasa. Kuliqiniso, namhlanje ukubekwa kwamapayipi ngale ndlela kungenziwa ngaphakathi enhlabathini nangaphezulu kwawo. Ngendlela yokuchelela yokunisela, inani elincane lamanzi liyachithwa, ukhula “alondli” ngomswakama, futhi isitshalo ngasinye sithola “isiphuzo” esingakanani njengoba sidinga, hhayi ngemithamo eminingi, kodwa kancane kancane.
Ngokungeziwe kokudonsa amanzi kanye nokunisela, izindlela zokunisela nokudonsa kwamanzi zingafaka impi yokulwa nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukugcwala kodaka, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, njll.
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwamakhemikhali: kulawula ibhalansi ye-PH
Mhlawumbe uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lomhlabathi olwakhiwe kabusha lungabizwa ngokuthi ngamakhemikhali, ngoba umhlali ngamunye ehlobo minyaka yonke wenza umanyolo athile ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi futhi alwe ne-acidity ephezulu. Umhlaba we-Acidic uyinkinga evame kakhulu, ngoba imvula, umanyolo wamaminerali amaningi, nokujikeleza kwezitshalo okungafanele kubhubhise ukulingana kwe-PH, kunciphisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yomhlaba uqobo. Sesibhale kakade ukuthi singabhekana kanjani ne-acidity yenhlabathi futhi sithuthukise ukuzala kwayo (izindatshana "Ukulinganisa inhlabathi engadini" nokuthi "Lokho ukuvunda kwenhlabathi kuncike"), ngakho-ke sizogxila kwezinye izinhlobo zemisebenzi yamakhemikhali yokuvuselela kabusha.
Ukwethulwa kukalamula, ufulawa we-dolomite noma umlotha wezinkuni emhlabathini kusiza ekujwayiseni i-acidity enhlabathini futhi kuthuthukise ukuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo eziningi zasengadini
Usawoti owedlulele, njenge-asidi eyeqile, awulungele izitshalo. Futhi uma umhlali wasehlobo ethola isiza ngokubizwa ngamamashi kasawoti - izindawo esizeni lapho inani elikhulu likasawoti wemvelo ligxiliswe enhlabathini, khona-ke lezi zindawo ziqala ukungathathi hlangothi.
Ngokwezinga le-salinization, inhlabathi ihlukile - kusuka kukasawoti omncane kuya emigqonyeni kasawoti, kepha ukulwa nokuvela okufanayo kuwo wonke amazwe kuyafana. Inhlabathi iyagezwa ukuze kususwe usawoti engxenyeni ephezulu evundile. Cishe amalitha ayi-150 amanzi asetshenziswa ngemitha eyodwa. Kuyacaca ukuthi akukho siko elingamelana nezikhukhula ezinjalo, ngakho-ke ukugeza kwenziwa emhlabathini ohlanzekile. Ukushushuluza ezindaweni ezine-drainage system evulekile kusebenza kakhulu. Usawoti omningi ngamanzi uzongena emapayipini, futhi ukusuka lapho - ngaphandle kwesiza. Ngakho-ke ngokulima okulandelayo, umhlaba ovela ekujuleni nawo ngeke usawoti.
Ukushisa ngokwengeziwe kwenhlabathi: umshuwalense ngokumelene nesithwathwa
Esimweni sezulu esibandayo, ukusebenza kabusha kwamafutha kusiza ukufudumeza ngokushesha inhlabathi entwasahlobo. Umgomo wabo ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa lomphezulu nezendlalelo ezijulile ukuze kuthi lapho sekwedlule isikhathi iqhwa izimpande zivikeleke ekungeneni kwesithwathwa ingene emhlabathini. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zoku mulching, ukubeka izingqimba zomquba nemigodi enhlabathini, ukufakwa kwenhlabathi yokukhanya, njll.
Ukufakwa emithini eduze kweziqu zezihlahla kusiza ukunciphisa amathuba okuqandeka kwezimpande ebusika obunzima futhi kugcinwe nomswakama ophilisayo emhlabathini
Ungafunda imininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinto ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanganiswa kwe-mulching kusuka kuvidiyo:
Ukuhlehlisa kabusha: Kusindisa Umhlaba Wabantu Ogcwele
Ukuvuselelwa komhlaba futhi kungokwalolo hlobo oluhlukile lokuphinda umhlaba, i.e. ukululama kwabo. Imvamisa ngenkathi kwakhiwa amadolobha, izimayini, njll., Ingxenye yendawo eseduze idingidwa ngokusebenza imfucuza, imfucumfucu yokwakha, imfucumfucu, njll. Ngokulandelayo, lapho umsebenzi omkhulu usuqediwe, kuhlala ugwadule olungaphili kule ndawo, oluvame ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwezindlu zasehlobo. Futhi abanikazi abasha kufanele babuyisele ukuzala nesimo sendalo sendawo, uma izinsiza zedolobha zingazange zinakekele zona ngokwazo.
Ukubuyisela ibhalansi evamile yenhlabathi nokuma komhlaba ezindaweni ezilimele akuyona inqubo elula. Kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enkulu ngosayizi wokususa udoti, kufinyeleleka enhlabathini
Umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa emuva wenziwa kangcono ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwesimo sezwe kanye nesiphetho okufanele sinikezwe ngongoti bezokulungiswa kabusha kanye nezazi zezemvelo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umsebenzi wokuphinda usebenzise kabusha isixhumanisi esibalulekile ekugcineni ukuzala komhlaba. Futhi uma uthenga indlu yasehlobo hhayi kuphela ukuzijabulisa, kodwa futhi nokukhulisa owakho "amavithamini", khona-ke into yokuqala oyidingayo ukulungisa inhlabathi, bese kuphela utshala izitshalo.
