- Uhlobo: Barberry
- Isikhathi Sezimbali: NgoJuni, Julayi
- Ukuphakama: 30-300cm
- Umbala: ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu
- Okungenasisekelo
- Ubusika
- Ilanga elinothando
- Isomiso siyamelana
Kaningi ungabona uthango lokuhlobisa kanye nezihlahlana ezikodwa ze-barberry. Izindawo ezifaneleke kakhulu zezitshalo ezikhulayo iCaucasus, eCrimea, izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Kepha i-barberry ayikhukhumezi futhi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ibekezelela ukubanda okubandayo nobusika ehlobo ngokulinganayo, ingena emhlabathini wenhlabathi omubi. I-barberry isendaweni yonke. Izihlahla zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-landscaping, izithelo zisetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasemithini yendabuko. Ngemuva kokuthatha inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo, ungakha izingoma ezimnandi esizeni. Ngakho-ke, konke mayelana ne-barberry: ukutshala nokunakekela, imibono yasekuqaleni yokuhlobisa imvelo.
Incazelo yezihlahla ze-barus zohlobo
Izitshalo ze-genus barberry ziyizihlahla ezinjengezihlahla ezingaba ngu-2-3 m ubude, zisakazekile endle. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okuhle nezithelo namahlamvu anempilo, sekudume njengesitshalo sengadi. Ngokwenye inguqulo, igama livela egameni lesi-Arabhu elithi "beiberi" futhi kungenxa yokuthi amacembe we-barberry abukeka njengamagobolondo. Izimbali zinombala ophuzi wegolide, eqoqwe kuma-inflorescence noma emabhulashini. Iphunga lezimbali linamandla futhi limnandi. Ukuqala kokuqhakaza kwe-barberry kuse ngoMeyi-Juni. ICrohn iyabhebhetheka. Kuqhuma amahlumela esiqwini esikhulu. Amaqabunga ajika abe nsomi ekwindla, ngakho-ke u-barberry muhle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Izithelo zingahluka ngombala. Amajikijolo angama-2 cm ubude, omuncu ngokunambitheka. Izithelo ezingavuthiwe ziqukethe i-alkaloids ekujuleni okuphezulu, yingakho zinobuthi. Iziqu nezimpande ziqukethe i-alkaloid berberine, enombala ophuzi we-lime futhi inikeze umbala ofanayo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zesitshalo. Lo mbala, i-astringency ne-acid yezithelo ziye zaba yizizathu zokuthi u-barberry ubizwa ngokuthi "ulamula osenyakatho". Imiphunga ingamaqabunga aguquliwe, afanayo ngesimo nakumahle. Ngenxa yezinhlaka ezinamandla, i-barberry isetshenziswe kabanzi njengezithako. Umqhele wakhiwa ngokutshala.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Atropurpurea ezimangalisa zitshalwa ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle, amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala wawo omkhulu emthunzini.
ICrimea neCaucasus kubhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwesitshalo, kodwa sikhula cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu. I-barberry ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe yilanga. Ikhula kahle emthunzini, kepha kunezinkinga ngama-fruiting. Lesi sitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso, sibekezelela isithwathwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela, kepha singafa emhlabathini onamanzi. Ngokunisela ngokweqile noma izimvula ezivame kakhulu, uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande luqala ukubola. Isihlahla sitshalwa singly, ngamaqembu, ngesimo sethango. Izinhlobo ezikhulayo eziphansi zilungele ukuhlobisa amaslayidi anamadwala. Uhlobo lwesitshalo se-barberry lunezinhlobo eziyi-175.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezulu kwekhulu nengxenye zama-barberry akhule ukuhlobisa izingadi kanye neziza. Izinhlobo eziningana eziphambili zingahlukaniswa, ngayinye yazo inezindlela ezingaphezu kweyodwa:
- barberry ejwayelekile;
- U-barberry we-Amur;
- Barberry waseCanada;
- IThunberg Barberry;
- Ubhali we-Ottawa;
- Barberry yaseKorea;
- barberry wonke;
- barberry oyindilinga;
- barberry eyenziwe imali.
Barberry ezejwayelekile
Si shrub emelana neqhwa 1.5-2.5 m ukuphakama, okwazi ukumila ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu - kuze kube seSiberia yaseNtshonalanga. Izithelo ngonyaka wesine wokuphila. Izinhlobo ezintathu zithandwa kakhulu:
- Atropurpurea. Ibarberry-hardy ebusika enezimbali eziqhakazile eziphuzi nezithelo ezidliwayo eziphuzi. Amacembe ezitshalo akhule ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle, athola umbala onsomi okhanyayo. Lapho kusakazwa imbewu, umbala wamaqabunga awuthengwa njengefa yizo zonke inzalo.
- I-Albovariegata. Isihlahla sikhula size sifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani onamabala.
- I-Aureomarginata. Isici salesi barberry umbala owenziwe waba namahlamvu. Lesi sitshalo sinezithombe eziningi. Emthunzini, umbala we amaqabunga uyaphela.
Umbala wamaqabunga e-barberry uhlukile, ungahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokusakazeka nendawo yokukhula kwesihlahla.
U-barberry we-Amur
Izwe lakulesi sitshalo yiMpumalanga Ekude naseNyakatho neChina. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindawo, kukhula ePrimorye naseJapan. Endle, etholakala emaphethelweni omfula, imiphetho yamahlathi. Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu ne-barberry ejwayelekile, kepha izihlahla zikhula zinde - zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3.5. Izithelo zibomvu, ziyadliwa, zinambitheka omuncu. Amaqabunga makhulu, anensimbi, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza. Ekwindla aphenduka aphuzi noma abe nombala onsomi.
- Japonica. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kwe-Amur barberry, ebonakala ngesimo esihle seqabunga - kuyindilinga phezulu. Inani lezimbali kuma-inflorescence lingaphansi kunelezinye izinhlobo eziningi - 6-12 (imvamisa 20-25).
- U-Orpheus. Le nhlobonhlobo yavinjwa abafuyi baseRussia. Isici saso ukungabikhona kwezimbali. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamamitha ayi-1.
Ekwindla, izihlahla ze-barberry zase-Amur zinhle kakhulu
Barberry waseCanada
Emvelweni, izihlahlana zikhula emadwaleni, emabhange nasezigodini zaseNyakatho Melika. Isikhathi sezimbali - ukuphela kukaMeyi - ukuqala kukaJuni. Isihlahlana asinakubekezela, kubekezelela isomiso ebusika. Izimbali futhi ithela izithelo kakhulu. Ngaphandle kufana ne-barberry ejwayelekile. E-Russia, cishe ayithandwa, kepha eMelika isikhathi esingaphezu kwamakhulu amabili abalimi banake kakhulu ukuhlakulela izindlela zokuhlobisa zezihlahla. Ngokuvamile inzalo itshalwa:
- I-Declinata;
- I-Oxephylla;
- I-Rehdayeza.
Abahwebi baseMelika bebelokhu besebenza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezintsha kanye nzalo ka-barberry waseCanada kusukela ngo-1730
Ibha ye-Ottawa
Le yi-hybrid etholakala ngokuwela i-barberry Atropurpurea evamile ne-Thunberg barberry. Kubonakala ngokukhuthazela okuyingqayizivele, ukumelana nezifo. Izimbali zinombala wokuqala - ziphuzi ezigqamile ezinamabala abomvu. Amaqabunga angaba bomvu, owolintshi, onsomi. Izithelo - ene-tinge ephuzi. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, shrub ifinyelela ku-2-3 m, inikeze ukukhula okuhle, iphinde ilulame ngemuva kokuthenwa. Ngokuvamile, abalimi bakhetha ukuhlobisa izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ubusika nobunzima:
- Superba
- I-Purpurea;
- I-Auricoma;
- Amamayili Esiliva.
Izimbali eziphuzi ezinamabala abomvu namaqabunga ansomi zinomphumela oqinile. I-barberry ye-Ottawa - "impahla" ephelele yomklami wezakhiwo zomhlaba
Barberry Korea
Uhlobo lwe shrub lwathola igama laso ePeninsula yaseKorea - indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo, lapho kungabonakala khona emithambekeni yemigwaqo esezintabeni. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba emhlabathini, siyabekezelela isomiso, kepha singabhekana nokugcwala kwamanzi ngezikhathi zamathile amade. I-barberry yaseKorea ingabamba iqhwa emafraneni, kepha, njengomthetho, iziqongo kuphela zamahlumela ziyahlupheka. Ngemuva kokuthena, amahlumela akhula ngokushesha emuva. Lesi sitshalo singatholwa ukugqwala. Izimbali ziphuzi, zinamakha. Izithelo ziyindilinga, zibomvu.
Amathoni aphuzi abomvu we-barberry yaseKorea angahlobisa ngisho ne-banal landscape
Barberry wonke
Izwe lakubo lonke le-barberry liyizintaba zase-Asia. Isihlahla singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5. Izimbali ziphuzi, amaqabunga aluhlaza ngombala onsundu, oblong. Umthunzi othakazelisayo wezithelo. Zibomvu, kepha zinomthunzi omnyama nokuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isihlahlana siyathobilika, singakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngaphandle kwe-acidic. Izitshalo ezisencane azikubekezeleli ubusika obubi, kufanele zimbozwe. Njengoba bekhula, isidingo sokuvikelwa kobusika siyanyamalala. I-Shrub ingathengwa. Amahlumela akhula ngesivinini esiphakathi.
Inani lezimbali zika-barberry wonke ezandleni lifinyelela ezingamashumi amabili!
Barberry
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-barberry odnoshnokovym. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni zezintaba ze-Central Asia. Izithelo zinwebekile, zinombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuphekeni. Bengezwe ku-pilaf, shurpa, kebab. Isici esiyingqayizivele sezithelo ze-barberry marow - okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwevithamini C. Ngaphezu kwezithelo ezibalulekile, isihlahla sinokubukeka okumangazayo. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amancane, zibe nephunga elinamandla. Ebusika, isitshalo singaba yiqhwa futhi sidinga indawo yokukhosela. Ukuswakama ngokweqile kungalimaza. Lesi sihlahla sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi e-Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, naseKyrgyzstan.
Inhlabathi ekahle yokutshala i-barberry
Barberry Kwenziwe imali
Izwe lakubo liphakathi ne-Asia Ephakathi. IShrub ikhula emithambekeni eyomile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuvame cishe kube ngamamitha ayi-2. Umbala wezimbali uqhakazile, uphuzi wegolide. Izithelo zibomvu. Amaqabunga mancane, agqamile, aluhlaza, angahle abe nombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-shrub ivame ukufriza iqhwa, ayihlali ekuvingeni ebusika, kepha ibekezelela ukushisa kahle kakhulu. Ukuze uhlelo lwezimpande ze-barberry lungaboli, kubalulekile ukubheka inani lomswakama, lihlinzeke ngokudonsa amanzi. Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi kungaholela ekufeni nokugqwala.
I-Monochrome barberry iyabekezelela isomiso, kepha kubhonga kalula ehlobo elinemvula
Ibarberry yaseThunberg
Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ibarberry yaseThunberg ihluke kakhulu. Ungabiza okungenani izinhlobo ezingama-50 ezijwayelekile, ngayinye enezinzuzo zayo. Ibarberry kaThunberg isetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba. Imvamisa, i-shrub ifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama no-1.5 m ubukhulu. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe inani elincane lezimbali - 2-4. Izithelo ziqhakazile, zinombala obomvu noma wamakhorali obomvu. Babukeka bebahle kakhulu, kepha abanakudliwa.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-barberry, lokhu kuhlukahluka kumelana nokugqwala, i-powdery hlobo. Ikhula kahle ngemuva kokuthena. Ezinye izinhlobo zingahambisa ebusika obukhulu. Njengoba kunzima ukuchaza izici zezinhlobo ngayinye yezinhlobo ezithandwayo ngaphakathi kohlaka lwendatshana eyodwa, sinikezela ngohlu lwama-bargars ama-tunberg amahle kakhulu:
- I-Aurea;
- I-Bonanza Gold;
- UCarmen;
- Atropurpurea Nana;
- I-CrimsonPygmy;
- I-Kleiner Favorit;
- Minima;
- Intandokazi Encane;
- IBagatelle
- Kobold;
- Isikhulu esibomvu;
- Indandatho yeGolide;
- I-Coronita;
- Ukwemukelwa
- UDart's Red Lady;
- I-Dart's Purple;
- Inkosi ebomvu;
- IHelmont Insika;
- I-RedPillar
- I-Red Rocket
- URose Glow;
- Kelleriis;
- Harlequin;
- Kornik;
- Pink Pink
Uhlu olungenhla alusekude ngokuphelele. Kuphela izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu nezisakazekile ze-Thunberg barberry okuthiwa kuzo. Zonke zinhle ngokuhlobisa isiza. Bona ividiyo ukuthola eminye imininingwane:
Ungayikhetha kanjani ehlukahlukene?
Inani lezinhlobonhlobo ze-barberry likhulu. Ungabathatha ukuze bahlobise isiza kusuka ngoMeyi kuye nakuwo ngqo amaqhwa. Ividiyo engezansi izokhombisa ubuhle obuhlukahlukene nobangempela bama-barberry.
Isicelo sokuklanywa komhlaba
Ama-Barberry alungele ukuhlobisa ama-rockeries, uthango namafreyimu otshani, amaslayidi e-alpine, izingadi zaseJapan. Iphalethi elinemibala libanzi - lisuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene eziphuzi nokubomvu kuya kohlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izingoma zikanokusho zitholakala ngokuhlanganisa ama-barberry ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nalapho ehlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahlana. Ama-Barberry asetshenziswa womabili njengasemuva oyinhloko, kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwezindawo.
Izinhlobo zezimbaza zakha imiphetho yemibhede yezimbali notshani. I-Shrub ivikela ngokuphelele izimbali namakhambi ekunyatheleni. Abanye abalimi basebenzisa ama-barberry angaphansi ukuhlobisa unyawo lwezihlahla ezinkulu. Kubukeka kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Zisetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlobisa izingadi zaseJapan.
Imvamisa ama-barberry atshalwa njengothango. I-Thorny shrub isebenza njengesivikelo esithembekile sendawo futhi ibukeka kahle. Ucingo lungashiywa lube ngendlela yalo yasekuqaleni, noma ungayinquma ngendlela othanda ngayo. Ama-barberry agcinwe kahle anamagatsha aqondile. Ungakha umqhele oyindilinga. Ividiyo le ichaza ukuthi ungayinquma kanjani ibarberry emise okomthombo.
Tshala nini futhi kanjani i-barberry?
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-barberry yintwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isitshalo sisakazeka ngembewu, ukusika, ukubeka, ukuhlukanisa. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokuba umlimi oseqalayo ukuthenga isithombo esihle, ngoba ukusakazeka kwembewu kudla isikhathi.
Ukusabalalisa i-barberry nge-shank, isikwa ngokucophelela, itshalwe enhlabathini evundile ku-lawn noma endlini, iniselwe futhi ilinde kuze kube yilapho izimpande zivele. Isithombo esiqediwe sidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nenhlabathi ephuma ebhodweni.
Lapho sisakazeka ngokubeka izingcezu, ihlumela liyaphawulwa, lifafazwe ngomhlaba, bese inhlabathi iswakanyiswe kuze kube yilapho izingqimba ziba nezimpande. Indlela elula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa isihlahla. Uyakhishwa emhlabeni, uhlukaniswe, uhleli phansi. Kulokhu, isihlahla ngokushesha sima izimpande bese siqala ukuthela izithelo.
U-barberry akakhethi ngenhlabathi. Into esemqoka ukuthi ayigcwali, futhi indawo ekhethiwe inekwe kahle. I-Shrub kufanele itshalwe elangeni noma emthunzini oyingxenye. Ngamabhishi angashadile, bamba izimbobo ze-0.5x0.5x0.5 m.
Okothango - kungaba imigodi efanayo, noma umsele wobude obufunayo. Umgodi ugoqwe kahle, kufakwe amanzi, (kufakwe itshe elichotshoziwe, amaqabunga, sawdust, njll.). Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inhlabathi enamanyolo (i-superphosphate, i-peat noma i-humus). Indawo yokubamba isilungile.
Ukulandelana komsebenzi:
- Isithombo sehliselwa egumbini lokuphumula elilungiselelwe ukuze intamo yezimpande ingaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni kuka-3-4 cm.
- Lapho utshala uthango, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ngazinye kufanele libe ngu-30-40 cm.
- Ukutshala kufanele kuniselwe kaningi.
- Isigaba sokugcina sihlanganisa umhlabathi ngenhlabathi noma ngamacembe.
Njengoba ubona, konke kulula.
Lapho utshala i-barberry, qiniseka ukuthambisa izimpande zesithombo
Ukunakekelwa kweShrub: ukuchelela, ukugqoka phezulu, izihlahla
U-barberry udliswa ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa i-urea (20-30 g ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi) noma umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (kumthamo oboniswe kwimiyalo). Ngemuva kwalokho, isihlahla sondliwa njalo ngeminyaka engama-4-5.
Nisela isitshalo kufanele kube kuphela ezikhathini zesomiso eside. Kwanele izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto. Qiniseka ukuthi ugawula amagatsha amadala nawomile. Uma ufisa, ungenza izihlahlana zezihlahlana zakhe umqhele. Izinqubo ezinjalo zenziwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini.
Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukwelapha isihlahla ezinambuzaneni. Imvamisa, kuthinta ama-aphid kanye nezinundu zezimbali. Inkinga ixazululwa kusetshenziswa isisombululo se-phytoerm 0,2%. Uma i-Powdery isikhutha igasele i-barberry, sebenzisa isixazululo se-foundationazole (20 g ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Ububi obujwayelekile ukugqwala, balwa nesixazululo esingu-1% soketshezi lweBordeaux.
