Emakhaya nasemapulazini, izinkomo zivame ukutholakala ngezinhloso zobisi.
Lena akuyona yodwa isiqondiso ekukhiqizeni izinkomo, kodwa inenzuzo kakhulu futhi izinzile ngokwemali engenayo. Ngempela, iningi lethu, ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi yisisekelo sokudla, okukwazi ukugcwalisa umzimba ngezinto ezibalulekile kakhulu zokulandelela.
Ezinsukwini zakudala, izinkabi zaziphathwa ngenhlonipho ekhethekile, ngoba lezi zilwane zaziyizinkwa zabakhulukazi bethu. Njengamanje, asinalo uthando olunjalo lwezinkomo, kodwa abaningi bayaqhubeka bezalela.
Sifuna ukudlulisela lesi sihloko kubantu abanjalo nje, sibajwayele ngezinkomo ezimnandi zezilwane ezibomvu.
Izici eziyinhloko kanye nenani lezinkomo ezibomvu ezisebomvu zemboni yobisi
Umlando walolu hlobo ubude kakhulu, ngoba uyaziwa ema-steppes ase-Ukraine kusukela ngekhulu lesishiyagalolunye. Yagqalwa ngokuzalana, ngenxa yokuwela inqwaba yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkomo. Ngokuyinhloko, ezizalweni esinazo namuhla, izakhi zofuzo ezilandelayo zihlangene:
- Angelynskaya.
- I-Ostfriesland ebomvu.
- Greyppe steppe.
- Simmental.
Izinto zokwelapha kanye nezinye izinhlobo zobisi ezazidumile ngaleso sikhathi nazo zasetshenziswa, kepha umlando awuzange ugcine amagama abo. Kodwa, umsebenzi wokuzalanisa nezinkomo ezichazwe uqhubeka nanamuhla.
Ama-red steppe awela ngezinkunzi zezilwane-izinambuzane zezinye izinhlobo, ngoba ziyizinto ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukisa izici ezinjengokwakhiwa komzimba, ukubunjwa komzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa ubisi. Ngokuyinhloko, basiza ukuthuthukisa izinkomo zezinkomo ze-Angler ne-Red Danish.
Yeka ukungenzi iphutha lapho uthenga uhlobo olubomvu lwezinhlanzi: izici zokubukeka kwezilwane
Ngaphandle, lezi zinkomo azikho izinto eziphawulekayo, ngaphandle kombala we-suit yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala ungathunyelwa ngokuqina okukhulu - kusukela obala obomvu kuya obomvu obomvu.
Ngezinye izikhathi kunezimpawu ezimhlophe ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zomzimba. Izinkunzi zimnyama emzimbeni ophezulu nangaphansi.
Isidumbu sabameleli bohlobo siyancipha futhi sincane kakhulu, nakuba umthethosisekelo ukhululekile kodwa kunomile. Ngenxa yomzimba ohlangene, umhlane ubude kakhulu, kodwa uphahlale.
Isifuba salezi zilwane sijulile, kodwa hhayi ebanzi, cishe sishaye. Ukuthungatha kwabo akukahleleki. I-loin ibanzi, nakuba iphakathi ubude.
Isibeletho sabo, njengezinkomo zonke zobisi, kukhulu kakhulu, ngoba izimbambo zihlukaniswa kakhulu. Nokho isisu asiqhubi ngisho nalapho bephethe ithole.
Imilenze inamandla kakhulu, eqondile futhi ezinzile, kodwa lezi zinkomo azihambisani kahle nokuvutshelwa endaweni engafanele. Ekukhuleni akuzona ezide, okusiza izilwane ukuba zithwale kalula isisindo sabo esikhulu.
Amathambo wonke alula kakhulu futhi anomoya omnene. Isikhumba sezinkomo siyanwebeka kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu konyaka, zihlala zizuza noma zilahlekelwe isisindo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa ngokuvamile, isidumbu salezi zilwane kunesimo esingcono kakhulu, nakuba sinenani lenani.
Inhloko yezinkomo ezibomvu ezisempumalanga ilula kakhulu futhi isayizi encane. Unomumo owenziwe kancane, udlula emzimbeni ngomunyo omncane. Ngenxa yombala omnyama omnyama, isibuko sosizi sisebumnyama. Izimpondo ziyingcosana, zimpunga embala, zigqwezwe ngaphakathi.
Kepha izilinganiso eziyisisekelo abameleli bohlobo oluchazwe, babonisa ubukhulu obuncane balezi zifu:
- Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubundeni kufinyelela ku-126-129 amasentimitha, nakuba ukubola kwawo kubonakala kancane.
- Ubude bomzimba wonke womzimba bungaba kusuka ku-152 kuya ku-156 amasentimitha.
- Isifuba sijulile futhi silinganisa amamitha angu-66-68.
- Izilinganiso zobubanzi besifuba zingama-37-42 amasentimitha.
- I-metacarpus in girth yi-17-19 amasentimitha.
Kufanele kube yimuphi umfuyo walommeli wezinkomo ezibomvu?
Umhlabathi ungatshela okuningi ngomnikazi wayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emifuleni yezinkomo. I-red steppe inkomo yesilwane sinomumo ojikelezayo, okungukuthi, okufana ne-cone esinqunyiwe.
Kodwa-ke, abafuyi bezilwane bayaqaphela ukuthi umdanso onomumo ongavamile ujwayelekile. Kodwa yimilo ejikelezayo ekhombisa ukuthi lezi zinkomo zifanelekile ukukhishwa kwemishini.
Kodwa nokho, udinga ukucophelela ukuthi ezinsikeni, eziyi-cylindrical shape futhi zingaguqa ngokubamba izinkomishi, akukho ubisi olusele.
Izinsipho zikhululekile ngokwanele ukuze zikhishwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngoba ubude bezingaphambili zilingana no-6.5 ngamentimitha, kanti nabangemuva - 5.7.
Ngosayizi udder akuyona enkulu kakhulukodwa athuthukile kahle. Ngolunye uhlobo, luvalo ezinkomeni ezibomvu zezinyosi, okuyinto efiseleka kakhulu kunenkomo yobisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbele uyithambile kakhulu ngenkathi u-milking futhi uyakwazi ukwelula ngokuqinile uma ubisi luqoqa.
Kodwa ngemva kokugwedla, iyanciphisa kakhulu, yenza amafolda amancane edongeni elingemuva.
Kuyathakazelisa nokufunda ngezici zokubamba inkomo.
Izinzuzo zokulondoloza nokuzalisa izinkomo ezichazwe ngokuzalwa
Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukuzalwa kwenkomo kufanele kukhethwe kuphela izici zayo zobisi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthi ngeke kube nokukhiqiza kangakanani, ngokuzivumelanisa nokungalungile nempilo, ukugcinwa kwesilwane esinjalo kuzoletha ukulahlekelwa kuphela.
Ngenhlanhla, izinkomo ezibomvu zinezinhlobo ezinhle kulokhu, njengoba lokhu okulandelayo kuyizici zazo. kufanelekile:
- Njengabameleli bezintaba zezintaba, lezi zinkomo zijwayeleka kalula kuzo zonke izimo.
Zifaneleka kakhulu ukuzalela ezindaweni eziseningizimu ngesimo sezulu esishisayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukuzizwa zihle kakhulu, nakuba kungcono ukuhlinzeka izindawo zokukhosela noma izintaba zehlathi endaweni yokudla, emthunzini lapho izinkomo zingase zibale khona.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngisho nangenkomiso yehlobo eqinile kakhulu futhi ehlala isikhathi eside, izilwane azikwazi nje ukugcina ukuzinza kwesisindo sayo, kodwa futhi nokudla ezinye izindawo zokugcina emadlelweni amaningi.
- Zibuye zivumelane nanoma yiziphi izimo zezulu ngaphandle kwezinkinga, ngakho-ke umoya noma imvula ngeke idale izinkoma ezibomvu ezisezintabeni.
Wonke la maqiniso afakazela ukukhuthazelela okuhle kwemvelo kwemfuyo, okuyivumela ukuba ikhule ngokulula, okwenza izinombolo zayo zibe zibaluleke nakakhulu, ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zibonisa isisindo esinamandla somama, sinakekele inzalo yabo isikhathi eside kakhulu.
- Zombili izilwane ezincane nabantu abadala zihlukaniswa nokuzivikela okuhle kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umthelela wezimo ezihlukahlukene ezimbi zangaphandle kanye nezinambuzane ezifuywayo ezinkomo ezibomvu zilula. Bama ngokuqinile ngokumelene nezifo zokuphefumula kuphela, kodwa futhi i-leukemia, ejwayelekile kakhulu ezinkomeni.
Ngenkomo yobisi lapho lesi sizalo singokwakhe, lokhu kubalulekile ngoba isifo esifana ne-leukemia singaba nethonya elibi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubisi.
Yiziphi ubuthakathaka obunjani bobuhlanga: baxoxe ngezici zabo
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inhlobo yezinkomo ezichazwe Kulula kakhulu ukukhanda umshini wokulimaLe ndlela yokuthola ubisi ngokuvamile iholela ekubukeni kwe-mastitis.
Ngemuva kwalokho, izinkomishi zokuxubha zomshini zingabopha phezu kwezingono, ngenxa yalokho ubisi abukhiphi kubo. Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi kwabameleli bohlobo, umuthi ngokuvamile unomumo ongavamile futhi awuhambisani ncamashi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngaphambi kokuba uqede inqubo yokubamba, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza kancane izinkomishi ezivela ezingeni massage udder, bese kuphela uqedela ukukhishwa. Futhi, kufanelekile ukwenza ukusikhipha umzimba ngamakamela njalo. Ngosizo lwabo, ubisi ukukhiqizwa bukhulu kakhulu.
Phakathi kwabanye izinhlangothi ezibuthakathaka zezinkomo ezibomvu Kuyafaneleka ukunaka:
- I-musculature ebuthakathaka kakhulu, ehlangene nethambo elithambile ngokuvamile iholela ekulimazeni izilwane.
Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukulalela ukunqotshwa kwezilwane zokudla, lapho izilwane zingahle zihlukanise khona izinhlanzi zazo.
- Lezi zinkomo nazo azilinganiswanga kakhulu, ezingavumeli ukukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza inyama ephezulu kakhulu.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba nokuhamba kancane emzimbeni, kungenzeka ukubonakaliswa kweziphambeko ezingemuva komzimba.
Iziphi izimo zokondla ezidingekayo ukuze zinikeze izinkomo ezibomvu?
Ngezimo zalezi zinkomo cishe azikho izidingo ezikhethekile. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukutholakala kokudla, hhayi okungcono kakhulu.
Bangadla utshani obulula kakhulu, ngenkathi benza imiphumela emihle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ubisi. Kodwa ukugcina izinhlobo zemifino ebomvu emadlelweni omnyaka wonke akukaconywa.
Njengoba ijwayele ukujwayela izimo zezulu ezishisayo, azibekezeli izinga lokushisa kwama-frosty. Ngakho-ke, kuyodingeka isikhathi sasebusika. lungiselela inqolobane yezilwane kanye namasheya amahle we-hay.
Akudingekile ukushisa igumbi nezinkomo. Ngisho naphambi kwamathole amabizi, izinkomo ngokwabo zizoqapha ukuthi zingabikho.
Izinkomo ezibomvu ezinamabele angeke zigcinwe izinkomo eziningi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngabanye. Izilwane zizozizwa zijabule kuzo zombili izimo.
I-caveat kuphela: kungcono ukugcina izinkunzi zezinkomo kanye nazo zonke izinkomo, ikakhulukazi ngamathole. Uma lezi zinkunzi zazingcoliswa zisencane, zidla kanye nezinye izinkomo.
Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzeka ngamathole anethuba lokuhambisa okuningi kusukela esemncane kakhulu, hhayi kuphela endlini kodwa nangaphandle.
Ukudla ngesitokisi esincane kufanele kube nesimiso esinomsoco nangaphezulu. Uma kungenjalo, bangase bahlakulele amaphutha ngemuva kwesiqu noma ukuhlelwa okungalungile kwamalungu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ezinjalo kunciphisa kakhulu, ukushona kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ziyini izinkomba zokusebenza ezizobhekana nokugcina izinkomo ezibomvu?
Ngezici ezihambisana nokulinganiswa komkhiqizo, uhlobo olubomvu lwezinhlanzi aluphansi kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwezobisi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuzinza nokuhle kwangaphandle, ukuthandwa kwayo kusalokhu kuphakeme.
E-Russia, lolu hlobo luya endaweni yesibili ngokwezibalo zabantu. Namuhla, iyaqhubeka ithuthukisa futhi, ngesisekelo sezinhlobo zayo ezintsha zezinkomo.
Umkhiqizo wamanzi: izici zobisi ukukhiqiza nobisi amakhono
Ochwepheshe baqaphele ukuthi ukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo ezibomvu kungase kuguquke ngokuyinhloko kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izilwane zasendaweni zezulu ezigcinwa kuyo.
Ezimweni ezihle kunazo zonke zezinhlobo zokubeletha, uketshezi oluvuthiwe lobisi luyi-3000-3500 kilogram yobisi ngonyaka.
Le nkomba ibonakala kakhulu ekudleni nasekuqukethwe, ngenxa yokuthi inani lobisi lingakhuphuka ngo-500-1000 kilogram.
Nokho ukurekhoda ubisi ukukhiqiza imiphumela kusukela emadwaleni abomvu ama-steppe ngisho Amakhilogremu ayi-10-12 ebisi for lactation eyodwa. Izinkomo zamaprotheni ezinkomo zobomvu obomvu zibhekwa njengeziwusizo kakhulu, ngoba amaphesenti ayo angahluka kusuka ku-3.2 kuya ku-3.6.
Kodwa, ngokuqukethwe okunamafutha, lolu hlobo alusekho ngemuva. Ngokwesilinganiso, ku-3.6-3.7% nje kuphela, nakuba kukholelwa ukuthi ubisi lwezinkomo lukhulu, kungcono.
Kubuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi iphethini enjengokuthi ukwanda komkhiqizo wobisi, isibonakaliso sokuqukethwe kwamanoni singancipha. Kodwa nokho, kunabantu ngabanye lapho ikhwalithi namanani alo mkhiqizo uhambelana ngokuphelele, okuyinto ethinteke kakhulu ekunikezeni ukudla okuhlinzekwa yizilwane.
Kungenzeka yini ukuvumela izinkomo ezibomvu zokuwabulala: isivuno esitholakalayo kanye nezici zenyama yezilwane
Esinye isici sohlobo oluchazwe ukuthi phakathi kwamalungu alo kunabantu abaningi abaye baveza izici zobisi nama-milk, noma inyama kuphela. Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni inyama izinkomo ezibomvu futhi kubalulekile ngempela, naphezu kobukhulu obukhulu besifo sabo.
Inqwaba ebukhoma yabameleli bezinhlobo ezihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi ubulili besilwane:
- Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, ubuningi bezinkukhu ziyi-26-35 kilogram. Izinkomo emva kokuqhafaza kathathu kanye nasezikhulile zingalinganisa kusuka ku-450 kuya ku-520 kilogram.
- I-Gobies izalwa isisindo esivela ku-30 kuya ku-40 kilogram, futhi lapho kuqala ukukhulelwa ngokuvamile bafinyelela ku-800-900 kilogram.
Ngomuthi ovame kakhulu we-fattening of this breed ngokuvamile u-50-55%. Kodwa-ke, uma isistimu yokudla ejulile isetshenziselwa izinkunzi nezinkomo ezincane, le nkhomba ingase ikhule kancane.
Inkabi etholakala kulolu hlobo ayihluki kunoma yiziphi izimfanelo eziphakeme kakhulu, nakuba ngokuvamile inambitheka kahle futhi i-juiciness. Amafutha kanye nesisa somzimba ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni uhlobo lokudla kanye nobudala besilwane.
Kukholelwa ukuthi inyama yezinkomo, ezigcinwa njalo ekudlelweni kwamahhala, futhi zondliwa ngotshani ebusika, zinezici eziphakeme zokunambitheka.
Ukuzala kwesibhakabhaka esibomvu: asihlanganyeli ngokugcina kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuzala izinkomo
Ukuze inkomo ithole ubisi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufanele ihanjiswe cishe kanye ngonyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo ye-lactation egcwele iqhubeka, ukhiqizwa ubisi kunyuselwa, futhi imfuyo iphinda ikhiqizwe.
Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula lokho ukuzala kulolu hlobo usezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu: isilinganiso samathole angu-100 ngezinkomo eziyikhulu. Izinzuzo zezinkomo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo kumele zibandakanye:
- I-calving elula. Inkabi kule nqubo ayidingi ukungenelela komuntu, ngaphandle kokuba ihlukunyezwe ngaphambi kwayo futhi ingenayo imikhuba.
- Isimiso esihle somama, esiboniswa maqondana namathole, hhayi kuphela omama, kodwa nabanye abamele umhlambi.
- Ukuqhathaniswa kwezilwane kuchazwe uhlobo.
