Abathandi bezitshalo zasengadini abaningi bathanda ukukhula izihlahla ezingajwayelekile nezixakile emasimini abo. Enye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu i-rosemary. Abanye abalimi ngokunquma banquma ukukulima, ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi ezifundeni zethu lesi sitshalo asiqali kahle. Kepha ngesivivinyo nangephutha, kwaqalwa imiyalo, ngokulandela ongayixazulula endlini yezwe lakho futhi ujabulele iphunga elingenakuthengiswa.
Incazelo yesitshalo nesithombe
URosemary uxosha izinambuzane ngephunga lawo
I-Rosemary (i-Rosmarínus) isihlobo sezitshalo ezinjenge-lavender, i-lemon balm, iminti ne-basil. Awukwazi ukudidanisa iphunga labo nanoma yini.
Kwesinye isikhathi ungezwa amagama ahlukile: amazolo olwandle, umbala womshado noma inhlaka.
Ngaphandle, i-rosemary ibukeka njenge shrub emide (ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ubude obungu-1-2 m) ezinamaqabunga ngesimo sezinaliti (kulokhu kufana ne-conifers). Lesi sitshalo siyaqhakaza, kaningi kuso ubona izimbali ezincane ezipinki, ezimhlophe noma ezibubende. Izithelo zayo ziyindilinga futhi zifana namantongomane.
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu zama-rosemary. Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi iyi-rosemary yokwelapha.
Iyiphi indlela engcono yokukhulisa irosemary eRussia
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinongo zisakhulile ezifundeni, akufanelekile ukulindela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizizwe kahle ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ngezimo zasekhaya, kukhethwa izinhlobo eziphansi, ngoba ezengadini, kukhethwe ezincane ezi-whimsical.
I-Rosemary ithanda ukukhanya nokufudumala, iqhwa elinzima liyamfa. Ngaphezu kwezimo zokushisa, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ikhwalithi yomhlaba. I-Shrub ithanda inhlabathi ekhanyayo, evulekile ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-lime.
Ikhula kahle kangakanani ezifundeni
ISpice yayisiyisitshalo esiseningizimu, ngakho-ke ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, nase-Urals nakwezinye izifunda zendawo ephakathi, lesi sitshalo sizoba nenkinga yokuthola. Inani elincane lokukhanya, isithwathwa ngokungazelelwe nenhlabathi engafanele kungabulala isihlahla ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala. Uma uhlela ukuthola i-rosemary, kepha uhlala ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esibandayo, bese ukhetha izinhlobo zasendlini.
Ekhaya, kulula kakhulu ukunikeza induduzo isitshalo ngobuciko (kusetshenziswa amalambu, inhlabathi ekhethiwe, izinga lokushisa, njll.)
Kepha ukusondela ezinkulwini eziseningizimu, kuyazithanda kakhulu izimo zokukhula rosemary. Kumele ngisho ukuthi ngisho nezinye izifunda zesifunda saseMoscow kanye nendawo ephakathi kufanelekile, into esemqoka ukuthi ubusika lapha abubandi kakhulu, futhi ihlobo lomile.
Izifunda eziseningizimu (Kuban, Krasnodar, eCrimea) zilungele ukulinyelwa. Isimo kuphela, futhi, ngeke sibe isimo sezulu esomile impela, ngoba i-rosemary ayisetshenziselwa ukudonsa umswakama emoyeni, kepha kusuka kumamoya omoya, ngakho-ke noma ngokunisela okuhle lesi sitshalo singafa ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama emoyeni.
Iqhaza ekuhlukaniseni umhlaba
Ezindaweni ezifudumele, uvame ukuthola isihlahla esikhulu se-rosemary ngqo endleleni eqonde endlini noma engadini.
I-Rosemary ilungile kokubili ekutshaleni amaqembu futhi iyodwa
Umucu ophakathi nendawo ubonakala ngokuhlobisa i-rosemary yethala noma imibhede enephunga, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukukhulisa isihlahlana esinde endaweni lapho isithwathwa singejwayelekile kangako.
Kwesinye isikhathi yonke imingcele, kanye namaheji, akhiwa kusuka kulesi sitshalo, esibonakala siheha kakhulu.
Ngokwesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo, kusancamela ukufaka i-rosemary lapho kuxutshaniswa nezitshalo zamabhubu. Ngakho-ke, uzozisindisa ezinkingeni eziningi ngezihlahla zobusika. Ungahlanganisa i-rosemary nezinye izinongo: i-thyme (thyme), i-oregano (i-oregano), iminti, i-lemon balm, njll. Ungahlela bonke lobu bukhazikhazi abude kude nokudla kwasehlobo. Njengesibili se-rosemary, ungatshala i-lavender, i-sage noma i-juniper.
Uma ufuna ukukhetha okuthile kwe-mpo ehlukile, khona-ke sikuyala ukuthi ukhethe i-eremurus. Sizobukeka sihlaba umxhwele kakhulu
Ungazama ukukhulisa i-rosemary njenge-landcover (le ndlela ibonakala kakhulu emazweni aseMedithera), kepha lapha kufanelekile ukunakekela imbewu yalokhu okuhlukahlukene noma okungenani umuntu ngamunye.
Ungatshala kanjani: isikhathi, izindlela, amaqhinga
Ukuze ukhule i-rosemary emhlabathini ovulekile, ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokutshala. Indlela ngayinye inama-nuances ayo, ngakho-ke yifunde ngokucophelela bese ukhetha eyiyona.
Ukulungiselela okwenziwa komhlaba wokutshala i-rosemary
Okokuqala, udinga ukunakekela inhlabathi lapho itshala lizotshalwa khona. Qaphela ukuthi imifino ebabazekayo ayithandi indawo ephansi nezindawo ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufika, khetha indawo enophahla olusithe tyaba, kepha gwema okungajwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-rosemary ayithandi inhlabathi esindayo ye-acid. Ukuze uthokozise isihlahla, lungiselela i-substrate elula: hlanganisa i-chernozem enamaqabunga omile, i-peat nesihlabathi esingathathi hlangothi. Thatha zonke izinto zibe izingxenye ezilinganayo. Ngemuva kwalokho faka ulamula ochobozekile ku-substrate ngesilinganiso samabhakede ayi-10 e-substrate 100 g lime.
Imibhede yezihlahla zesikhathi esizayo kufanele iqale ukulungiswa ezinsukwini ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokutshala. Inhlabathi engaphansi kwabo idinga ukuthanjiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokutshala, engeza ukugqokwa kwamaminerali phezulu kuyo.
Ukulima imbewu yasentwasahlobo
Ukuhluma kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbewu ikhula ngaphakathi endlini. Kulokhu, iziqukathi eziningana zivame ukuthathwa (into esemqoka ukuthi zilungele izimbali ezikhulayo). Vele, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngqo enhlabathini, kepha akunasiqiniseko sokuthi izinga lokushisa lizofudumala ngokuqinile, futhi ngale ndlela yokutshala uzobona i-rosemary yakho isondele kakhulu ekuweni. Ngakho-ke, kulabo abafuna ukubona mhlawumbe ubuchopho babo ehlobo, sicebisa ukuthi ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphakathi endlini cishe ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari.
Imiyalo nemiyalo yokukhulisa irosemary isebenzisa imbewu:
- Thatha i-gauze ehlanzekile bese uyigingqa izingqimba eziningana ukuze ukwazi ukubeka imbewu encane engxenyeni eyodwa bese uyimboza ngeyesibili.
- Cwilisa ingxenye eyodwa yobisi emanzini bese usakaza imbewu kuwo ngesendlalelo esincanyana. Ngemuva kwalokho, zimboze ngengxenye yesibili ye-gauze emanzi.
- Moisten gauze nsuku zonke kusuka kwibhodlela lokufafaza. Ekamelweni lapho imbewu ihluma khona, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe njalo ngo-19-23 ° C.
- Inhlabathi lapho irosemary izotshalwa khona kufanele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, uqoqe imbewu uyihlwanyele ngesendlalelo esincanyana, usimboze ngomhlaba (ungqimba akufanele lube ngaphezu kuka-5 mm). Moisten umhlabathi kusuka ku-sprayer bese uvala isitsha ngembewu etshalwe nge-polyethylene (okokuqala udinga ukwenza izimbobo kuyo), bese ubeka isitsha endaweni efudumele.
- Amanzi kufanele ayinkcenkceshelwe kathathu ngosuku, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise isibhamu sokufafaza ukuze ungashabalali ngengozi emhlabathini futhi udalule imbewu.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-14, uzophawula amahlumela amancane erosemary. Lapho kuvela amahlumela wokuqala ngaphezu komhlaba, susa i-polyethylene bese usetha iziqongo ngamahlumela elangeni.
- Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amahlumela kufanele avele aqiniswe ngokuphelele ukutshala. Ukuthuthela emhlabathini akunzima kangako: udinga nje ukimbe ngokucophelela amahlumela bese uwatshala emibhedeni.
- Masinyane nje ngemuva kokufaka i-rosemary, umhlaba udinga ukuthanjiswa.
Ukusika kwentwasahlobo
Ukukhula izinongo ngale ndlela kulula kakhulu. Ama-cutways kuleli cala azoba izihloko zezithombo, ezisikiwe esihlahleni esidala. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuxhunyelelwa ngu-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Njengokusika, ungasebenzisa futhi lezo zingulube zamakhambi ezithengiswa emakethe njengesinongo
Imithetho yokukhulisa irosemary isebenzisa ukusika:
- Susa amaqabunga aphansi kumagatsha, uveze ingxenye ethile yesiqu.
- Faka amagatsha emanzini bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho izimpande ziphuma kuzo (ungazihlwanyela ebhodweni lomhlaba bese ulinda kuze kube yilapho izimpande zihluma lapho, kodwa indlela enamanzi isebenza kahle futhi icacile). Ngemuva kokuba izimpande sezivele, iziqu zikulungele ukufakelwa zingene emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Amanzi angaphansi kweziqu kudingeka aguqulwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Uma usebenzisa indlela yebhodwe, bese unisela izithombo njalo ngosuku, kepha ungondli inani lamanzi.
- Izimpande eziphawuleka kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20. Ngokushesha lapho lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele udlulise ngokushesha izithole imibhede elungiselelwe. Udinga ukutshala iziqu ezisezinkomeni ngokujula okulingana nobude bezimpande. Nisela inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezincane ezitshaliwe.
Ukulima kwehlobo lasehlobo
Ukwahlukanisa kuyindlela elula yokuthola izinongo engadini yakho. Akudingi ukukhohliseka kwasekhaya okufana nokuhluma, futhi ngokushesha kwenza sikwazi ukutshala i-rosemary emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngoJuni.
Isigaba:
- Lungisa umhlabathi wokutshala ngokwemiyalo engenhla.
- Okulandelayo, kufanele uthole isihlahla esinenqwaba yez amahlumela (ungakusesha lokhu esitolo noma kumuntu omaziyo).
- Izimpande kufanele zisuswe emhlabeni futhi zizikaze.
- Bumba izimbobo enhlabathini ngokujula okulingana nobude bezimpande, bese utshala amahlumela.
- Nisela inhlabathi.
Izimo zokunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kwesinye isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kunokucabanga ngama-nuances wokutshala. Kunemithetho embalwa ejwayelekile.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kuzoncika ezimeni eziningi, kufaka phakathi isifunda lapho itshalwe khona isihlahla. Imvamisa ama-rosemary bush aniselwa kancane kancane. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa ngaphandle, khona-ke udinga ukunisela ngosuku. Uma kusekuhle ngokwanele, khona-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kuphindwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayigcini umswakama futhi inamanzi amahle, ngakho-ke kufanele ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ufudumeze imibhede.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Umanyolo osebenzayo kufanele uqale ukusondela kwezimbali. Kanye ngenyanga, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, isihlahlana kufanele sivundiswe. Ekwindla yokuqala nasebusika, lokhu akudingeki futhi ngenyanga.
Ubusika
Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu se-rosemary ubusika, ngoba asiyinto engokwemvelo yokuqandelwa yiqhwa. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokufa kwesitshalo, udinga ukwakha i-greenhouse kuyo, izimpande zidinga ukumbozwa nge-sawdust. Ukunisela isikhathi sasebusika kuncishiselwa isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7. Uma izinongo zihlala ekhaya, khona-ke ukuthambisa kufanele kwenziwe kaningi - amahlandla ama-2 ezinsukwini eziyi-7.
Vele, ubusika buxhomeke ngokuphelele ezimweni zezulu. Eningizimu, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi asidingi noma yiluphi ukuqothuka ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi kubusika busebenza kahle engadini eyodwa noma engadini yemifino efanayo.
Isifo
I-Rosemary inezifo ezingatheleleki kahle. Akukona ukutholakala yisifo, futhi iphunga laso elihlasimulisayo liyesabeka cishe kuzo zonke izinambuzane.
Uma uqaphela ukumboza okumhlophe emaqabungeni naseziqu, ezaphenduka zaba nsundu - lesi sitshalo sithinteka yi-powdery hlobo. Lokhu akwethusi - udinga ukususa izindawo ezonakalisiwe, uzidlulisele enhlabathini engangcolisiwe futhi uphathe ngezindlela ezikhethekile (isibonelo, iBaikal-M noma iFitosporin-M)
Izinkinga ezikhulayo nezindlela zokuzixazulula
Lapho kukhula irosemary, noma yiziphi izinkinga ziyaqabukela ziphakama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukulandela yonke imiyalo nokwenza ukunakekelwa okufanele. Kepha noma kunjalo udinga ukwazi ngamaphutha angaba khona:
- uma amaqabunga ebuna futhi ebuna, avikele irosemary, aqondise ukukhanya kwelanga, amdalele isithunzi;
- uma kuphela abangaphansi bephuzi, ukuthambisa kufanele kwandiswe;
- uma iphunga lesitshalo selibe buthakathaka futhi amaqabunga ewa, kunalokho, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela;
- uma amaqabunga egoqwa futhi embozwe amachashazi, isihlahla sishaywa yi-whitefly noma i-aphid, fafaza isitshalo ngesakhiwo esifanelekile (i-Admiral, Aktara, njll.).
Izitshalo zaseningizimu zihlala zihambisana nokuzilibazisa, ukufudumala, ulwandle nokuzilibazisa, ngakho-ke cishe wonke umuntu ongumgcini wegadi uthola ukuba nomvakashi oyedwa noma oyedwa kulaba bavakashi bakhe eluhlaza endaweni yakhe. Muva nje, i-rosemary ithola ukuthandwa okukhulu. Ngokuzama nangephutha, abalimi bavumelana nale shrub enamakha yaphila ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia.
