I-carrot - isitshalo se-biennial (esingajwayelekile) esisodwa esivela emndenini wase-Umbrella, okwenza ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila i-rosette yamaqabunga nezimpande, kanti okwesibili - isihlahla sembewu kanye nembewu. Isatshalaliswa kuwo wonke umhlaba, kufaka phakathi emazweni aseMedithera, e-Afrika, e-Australia. Ezolimo, izaqathe zihlwanyelwa kaningi.
Gallic nematode
Lolu hlobo lwezibungu oluvela emndenini waseMeloydogin luyakwazi ukwandisa nokuthuthukiswa ngaphandle kwama-greenhouses kumazinga okushisa alinganisiwe. Lezi zinambuzane ze-karoti zithinta kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezolimo emhlabathini ovulekile.
Iphinde ithole i-bipolarly ne-parthenogenetically, noma yi-amfixis. Izizukulwane eziningana zingathuthuka phakathi nonyaka, kodwa uma lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwenzeka ezimweni zenhlabathi evaliwe, kwenzeka njalo unyaka wonke.
Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane, kufanele uhambisane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokulima: (ukuvala umhlabathi) ukuhambisana nezinyathelo ezivimbela ukungena kwe-nematodes emhlabathini ngento yokutshala, inhlabathi noma yokusungula, qinisekisa ukufaka esikhundleni somhlabathi ongcolisiwe; Umhlabathi ovulekile udinga ukubambelela ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwezitshalo ngezitshalo ezingamelana nematode (okusanhlamvu, iklabishi, igalikhi), kanye nolwazi lokunakekela umbhede ngezinambuzane.
Izindlela zemishini yokulwa nazo zihlanganisa ukungcola kwenhlabathi ngokushisa kwe-100 ° C endaweni ejulile ye-30 cm nokuqothula kwenhlabathi ebusika. Ungasebenzisa futhi izindlela zamakhemikhali, ukwelapha inhlabathi nge-Avermectins nematocides, ukhetha umhlabathi, amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha.
Bhala ama-slugs
Basebenza kakhulu ebusuku futhi sezulu esibhakabhakeni. Ubusika bubhekene nesigaba seqanda. Izinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu zezinqathe, ngenxa yokuthi ukulwa nazo kufanele ziqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Ukuhlanzwa okuqhubekayo kwenhlabathi kunokhula kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zomzabalazo. Izitshalo ezinamanzi kufanele zisuswe eziqhingini.
Futhi, ukugeleza kwemigwaqo yomgwaqo ngeke kudingekile. Indawo esithintekayo yi-slugs engenamaphesenti kumele iphathwe nge-30% yodayi, ihlanganise umlotha noma i-superphosphate kuyo ngokubalwa kwama-250-300 kg ngehektare. Ama-karoti kufanele afakwe isisombululo se-saline ka-10%, enze inqubo ebusuku, nomsebenzi ophakeme we-slugs.
Kubalulekile! Ukuxubha inhlabathi nge-coniferous sawdust noma izinaliti, noma ngokusatshaniswa utshani, kuzovikela izaqathe ezinambuzane, zigcine umswakama, futhi zinikeze isitshalo ngokudla.
Medvedka
Inambuzane enkulu eyingozi kakhulu ehlala endleleni yakhe yokuphila. Benza indlela yabo ngokusebenzisa inqwaba yezingxenye ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zenhlabathi, izimpungushe kanye ne-imago zidla imbewu ezaqala ukuhluma, ziqoqe ezinye zezimpande kanye nezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba eziqulayo, izithombo, zidla iziqotane ezimpande. Ngemuva kokubulawa okunjalo, izitshalo zinganciphisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa, noma zife ngokushesha, ngokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno esiphelele.
Imigqa izaqathe kumele ikhululeke ngokujulile, okuzosiza ekususeni izidleke nezindlela zomhlabathi zezinyosi. Ekwindla, kubalulekile ukumba izimbiza ezikhethekile zokubamba umquba wokugcina umquba 30-40 cm. Ebusika, kutholakala izimpungushe kuzo, okufanele zihlakazeke ngesikhathi seqhwa lokuqala (zizofa ngokushesha emakhazeni).
I-carrot listobloshka
I-coagulation yamaqabunga, ukuthungwa kwalo okuba yi-terry - isibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokutheleleka kwamaqabunga esanqante. Uyeka ukukhula okusheshayo, ukuqina nokumelela kwezitshalo izimpande zenzeka. Lezi zinambuzane zinamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko avulekile, izintambo ezinamanzi ezindala nezimpondo ezinamahlombe, ngokusiza lapho kuqhuma khona.
Ngonyaka kukhona isizukulwane esisodwa. Amantombazane emva kokuchitha ubusika emagatsheni ama-pine noma mhlawumbe isanqante yasendle ngokwayo ibeka amaqanda amhlophe, ekugcineni aphenduka aphuzi. Izimpungushe eziye zavela kumaqanda zidla ijusi le-carrot njengokudla.
Kusho ukulwa nesigqebhethi isanqante ukuqothula izitshalo zezitshalo, kanye nokuqedwa kwensimu emithini ye-coniferous. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe ngokukhipha ugwayi (1 kg kagesi kagesi kuhlanjululwe ebhakedeni lamanzi ashisayo). Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokufafaza ukumnika kufanele ihlungwe futhi ingeza u-30 g wesepha kuwo. Uma ukhethe indlela yokwelapha yemithi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa i-Actellic, i-Tsimbush, i-Sumicidin namanye amalungiselelo. Ukuphalaza kumelelwa inyanga ngaphambi kokuthiwa ukwemukelwa izaqathe ekudleni.
I-Carrot moth
Amaphiko angaphambili enundu ayimnyama, ama-back are gray-pink, ikhanda nesifuba kunombala ophuzi obala. I-carrot moth ifinyelela ku-18 mm ngosayizi futhi ibeka amaqanda kwi-inflorescences yezimpande. Amacimbi avela emaqanda angafinyelela ku-13 mm, anenhloko emnyama nomzimba omnyama obomvu, lapho kutholakala khona ama-white bumps.
Amacimbi ezinambuzane akhiqiza ama-webs, afaka ngazo izambulela kanye nama-inflorescences of izaqathe nokulimaza isakhiwo sabo. Ngo-Agasti, kuvela isizukulwane sesibili senundu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-lepidocide, entobacterin, imithi yamagciwane ekusetshenzisweni kwe-inflorescence, ehlanganisiwe - isinyathelo sokuqala sokunqoba phezu kwenqabhanqethi. Ukususa ukhula lwesambulela nokuxoshwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo kunomphumela omuhle. Ukuvunwa kokuqala kwesitshalo, kulandelwa ukubhula, kuyinye yezinyathelo zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo.
I-carrot ihamba
Lezi zinambuzane ziyingozi kakhulu ekuvuneni izaqathe. I-fly enesisindo sobubanzi obuyi-5 mm, enomzimba okhanyayo kanye nokugqamile kwe-metallic, ikhanda lomthunzi obomvu obomvu namaphiko obala. Izimpukane ekupheleni kukaMeyi. I-carrot fly iyasebenza kakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku. Lapho nje isanqante inamaqabunga amancane, insikazi yezinambuzane ibeka amaqanda angaba ngu-100 phansi kwesitshalo.
Izibungu zifinyelela ku-7 mm, umzimba wabo omncane uphuzi. Yilabo abaqoqa inyama ye izaqathe kanye nezingxenye ezigobile zomsuka. Isanqante eshaywa yinhlanzi iba yinkimbinkimbi, ithola isimo esibi futhi sinambitheka kabi. Emigodini eyenziwa yi-parasite, ukubola kutholakala kalula, ngenxa yokuthi imifino ayikwazi ukulondolozwa noma yokudliwa. Ukugaya ama-cuttings amaqabunga, izibungu zifaka isandla ekwenzeni iziqongo. Amaqabunga aseCarrot esikhundleni se-green abe obomvu-obomvu. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kufanele bazi ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani ne-isanqante baphakamisa amakhambi abantu.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ngokumelene nezimpukane ze-carrot kuyinto yokuvimbela. Umhlabathi osuvele ushintshwe yizinambuzane eminyakeni edlule kufanele uhlanganiswe. Ukuvulwa kwesayithi kwenzeka kuphela kokunisela nokudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukufudumala imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela - lokhu kwandisa ukukhuthazela ezindizeni. Kunconywa ukuba ukhulule inhlabathi phakathi kukaMeyi, uqhube amakhanda futhi ukhulise isikhala esiseduze neziqu.
Izitshalo ezigulayo kufanele zisuswe, futhi ngokushesha uthatha iziqongonga zensimu ukuze ugweme ukuheha izinambuzane ngephunga elibukhali. I-carrot fly ayikubekezeli izinambuzane. Kodwa zidinga ukusetshenziselwa lapho kudingekile, ngoba kukhona ukunweba okuncane kwesibhukela. Isibonelo, ungakwazi ukutshala i-dill no-anyanisi esiseduze nombhede wezinqathe, bese ufafaza umlotha nomhlabathi othulini emigqeni phakathi kwemibhede, noma ugcwale umuthi onamathambo onempilo engadini. Emva kokuvuna kuyadingeka ukumba umhlabathi kahle. Imithi ephumelelayo yezimpukane ze-carrot - i-pesticide "Decis"
I-wireworm
I-wireworm ibizwa ngokuthi i-yellow worm ene-texture elukhuni, kuze kube ngu-3 cm ubude.
Uyazi? I-beetle inegama layo ngenxa yokuthi uma uzama ukuyibeka ngemuva, ijika ngokushesha futhi ikhiphe ngokuzwakalayo.
Ukuphila kwesinye isizukulwane sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-5. Lezi zinambuzane ziyizingxenye ezimpandeni, zibeka isitshalo ukubola. Emhlabathini uhamba kalula, futhi umswakama wenhlabathi ungama-50% ekushiseni kwemoya kwezimo ezingu-20 ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezimpungushe ze-wireworm. Umswakama ophakeme uwakhuthaza ukuba uhambe phezulu, ngenkathi ukomiswa kwenhlabathi, ngokuphambene, kunciphisa izibungu ku-1 m.
I-egg yokulala ihlala kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ubude bezibungu ezincane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila cishe bu-7 mm. Ukuqhuma kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngentwasahlobo elandelayo, izibhungane zivela ezimpungeni ezifakiwe. Izitshalo eziqukethe i-ammonia zinikeza umphumela omuhle ekulwa no-wireworm. Ukulinganisa kunomphumela omuhle esimweni somhlabathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, ukwelashwa kwembewu ngezinambuzane kuyisibopho, futhi ukukhululeka okukhulu kwenhlabathi nokusila (ikakhulukazi, ukutshala okwakhulayo), kanye nokulingwa kwezinyoni ngezimpungushe, kuzosiza ekuvikeleni izitshalo ekufakeni izinambuzane. Ngokuvamile abalimi banesithakazelo ekucubunguleni izaqathe ezivela ku-wireworm. Amakhemikhali Bazudin ne-Aktar azoba afanelekile. Ngendawo yokumba ngokujulile ukwengeza i-ammonium sulfate noma i-ammonium nitrate ngesilinganiso esingu-30 g ngalinye nge-1 mm.
Isikole sebusika
Ixosha amaqabunga amaqabunga e-kroti bese ishesha ukushona kwesitshalo kanye nesitshalo sasebusika, esichaza isivuno sempande, ngenxa yalokho uzothola izaqathe eziphethwe ngokungahambi kahle. Amaphiko we-scoop ebusika afinyelela ku-4.5 cm, umzimba uwu-5 cm ubude, umbala wamaphiko unombala obomvu ngemuva futhi umhlophe phambili, umgodi omnyama ugijima ngemuva. Ifunda ngo-Ephreli, izimvemvane ezidala ziphuma ngoJuni. Esinye isifoshi sasebusika sasebusika ngesikhathi sonyaka sinikeza amacimbi angaba ngu-2 000.
Le nkathazo iyesaba iphunga le-chamomile ne-burdock, ngakho-ke kuyasiza ukuphambanisa iziqongo ze-karoti, i-decoction yalezi zitshalo. Ukuhlwanyela kokuqala kanye nokulingana okukhulu kwama-izaqathe kunciphisa izingozi zefosholo yasebusika. Ngesikhathi amaqanda ahlukumeza, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukukhiqiza i-trichogram ngamakhophi angu-35,000 ngehora elilodwa le-hectare yemifino yemifino, enezinsuku eziningana. Ithuluzi elihle kakhulu ukuchelela okuningi. Ama-biological agents azofanelana: I-Decis Politrin et al. Ukucubungula kwenzeka ebusuku.
Aphid
I-carrot aphid
Izinambuzane zikhetha ingxenye engezansi yeqabunga ukuze ziphile, ngesikhathi esifanayo zilimaze futhi ziphuze ijusi. Amaqabunga aphikisayo, ukukhula kwawo kwehlisa, isivuno se-carrot sinciphisa kakhulu. Ubude be-aphid buyi-1.7 mm futhi bungaba yizizukulwane ezimbili, ezimele ngamaphiko nezinamaphiko, ezizalwa ngamaqanda, zinyanya ngamaqathi (ngokuvamile zinomzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nenhloko eluhlaza, nakuba emva kwezizukulwane ezimbili, abantu abanamaphiko abanenhloko emnyama ne-turquoise isisu). Abameleli abanamaphiko - baleke emibhedeni ehlwanyelwe ye izaqathe ezitshalwe futhi bafakwe ngaphansi kwama-petioles ngamaqembu amakhulu.
Kulesi simo Amaqabunga amanzi kufanele ahlanganiswe nomlotha (noma ingxube yomlotha kanye nofulawa othuza ugwayi olinganayo), ukhulula inhlabathi imizuzu engu-20 ngemuva kwenqubo yokuchitha. Enye indlela ufafaze izaqathe nge umhluzi ovutshiwe wezitshalo. Kumele futhi uqaphelisise ukubhujiswa kokhula kanye nokuvuna kwabo emasimini ezitshalo zemifino, ukushintshanisa ukuhlwanyela imifino ehlukahlukene nokwenza imfino ekwindla.
Uyazi? Kwesabeka isanqante i-aphid marigolds etshalwe ezinhlangothini zombili zensimu.
I-aphid ye-Hawthorn
Inambuzane encane yombala ohlaza, omnyama noma omnyama. I-Overwinters esitshalweni sokuqala se-hawthorn, phakathi nentswasahlobo esiphuca umusi wayo we-foliar bese wenza ama-tubercles abomvu ngaphansi kwezingqimba zamaqabunga. Ngo-Meyi, lishintsha ukuhlukaniswa kwayo - luhlala phezu kwezinhlanzi zeqabunga nezitshalo, lapho zihlala khona, zizalana ngokuthula kuze kube sekwindla.
Izitshalo ezithintekile zinciphisa ukukhula, futhi ekuqaleni kwekwindla abantu baphinde bazibonele e-hawthorn, lapho abesifazane bebeka amaqanda ebusika. Ukuze kuvikelwe, kuhle ukutshala izaqathe kude nezindawo ze-hawthorn futhi uhambisane nemikhuba yezolimo ekukhuleni. Ukutshala ngokucophelela kwezitshalo nge-pyrethroids kanye ne-organophosphorus compounds noma i-biopesticides kuyophinde kube usizo.
I-oroti isanqante aphid
Amaqabunga nezinambuzane ezithinteka yizinambuzane eziphazamisa izinambuzane zibe amabhola, futhi ukuqoqwa kwama-aphid kwenzeka emgodleni wezimpande namaqabunga amaqabunga. Umphumela ukukhishwa kwe-isanqante impande imifino, ukwehla kwabo ngobukhulu. Ama-willows esondelene nawo ashicilela ekubukeni kwama-aphid, njengoba kuphezu kwabo ukuthi inkathazo yesifazane ibeka futhi ibeka amaqanda. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokulwa ziphilisa nge-neonicotinoids.
Izidakamizwa
Ngaphandle kwenkinga ezinambuzane, izithako zezinqathe zingabhekana nenkinga yamagundane, okuphazamisa izimpande (amagundane, ama-moles nama-shrews). Ungabalwa nabo ngosizo lwezingcingo nabesabisayo. Amagundane namagundane, iphunga le-elderberry, i-mint kanye ne-anise, ngama-moles nama-shrews - anyanisi ne-camphor, noma ukuduma kwezwi. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphela ukuthi izilwane ezincane zithole ama-carrots, cishe cishe ngeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali akhethekile ukuze ubhubhise.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinambuzane
Kubalulekile ukuhlela indawo yezitshalo ze-isanqante eduze kwemibhede ye-anyanisi, noma ukuhlanganisa ukutshala kwawo, ukushintshanisa umugqa wezinqathe nge-ulayini we-anyanisi.
Kubalulekile! I-carrot iyazonda u-onion iphunga, ngakho-ke, amathuba okubonakala kwayo emibhede krotikthi iyokwehla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcina imigomo yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, uhlale uhambisa imibhede yesanqante, uqaphele isiko esandulele izaqathe endaweni ekhethiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ophilayo - isisindo esiyinhloko sokuzivikela esibangela ukumelana kwezinqotshwa ezifweni nezinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izithako zamaminerali zishintsha ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga nezitshalo ezimpande, ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-glucose nama-amino acids kuwo. Iheha izinambuzane namagundane, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukulahla
Ukuvuna ngesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngokushiya izimpande ezivuthiwe emhlabathini, ukwandisa ingozi yokulimala izinambuzane.
