I-Peppermint (Mentha Piperita) - incazelo yezitshalo

I-Mint (i-Iasnatkovye yomndeni, noma i-Labrette) iyi-hybrid eyakhiwa ezinhlanzini zasemanzini nezingadi. Kwaziwa kakhulu ngegama lama-mint abandayo, upelepele, isiNgisi, ubandayo. Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwalokho okushiwo mint ezikhathini zeRoma yasendulo. Ukufakwa kwamaqabunga e-peppermint kwakusetshenziswa njenge-ejenti evuselelayo. Isiko likhule ezakhiweni zasengadini nasezingeni lezimboni.

I-Peppermint: Izici zokutshala nokunakekela

I-Peppermint isitshalo se-herbaceous perennial. Ngokuya kwencazelo evela kumkhombandlela we-botanical, inesistimu yezimpande ye-microus kanye nesiqu se-tetrahedral. Ukuphakama ngokuya ngezinhlobo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kumamitha ayi-1.5.

I-Peppermint

Isiqu simbozwe izinwele ezacile ezi-fluffy. Amapuleti amaqabunga anesimo se-ovoid. Imiphetho igijinywe kancane. Ibanga lemibala liphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kukhiqiza ama-inflorescence abukeka njenge-spike. Izimbali zincanyana ngosayizi nge-hue onsomi.

I-Mentha piperita isitshalo esimnandi soju. Isiko lithole ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ukupheka, amakha. Izitshalo zihlukaniswa ukwakheka okucebile kwama-macro- kanye nama-microelements.

Iminti iqukethe:

• amafutha abalulekile;
• amavithamini wamaqembu A, C, PP, B;
• calcium
• potaziyamu
• i-magnesium
• Isodiyamu
• phosphorus;
• insimbi
• manganese;
• flavonoids;
• ama-tannins;
• hesperidin;
• bamba;
• polyphenols;
• i-ursolic ne-oleanolic acid;
• menthol.

Ukuphulukisa izakhiwo

Izici ezinenzuzo ze-mint ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokuvimbela izifo ezahlukahlukene.

I-Peppermint ine-sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory kanye ne-antiseptic. Isiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, yenyuse ukungazetheki. Inomphumela we-tonic futhi oqabulayo. Uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka umgudu wokugaya ukudla, kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ukugaya kube ngokwejwayelekile futhi kwandise iphango. Isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ye-choleretic.

Izici zokupholisa zesitshalo ziyisizathu sokuthandwa okubanzi

I-Peppermint ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ekwelashweni kwe:

• izifo zesistimu yezinzwa;
• ukuqwasha
• ukutheleleka ngokuphefumula;
• i-tonsillitis, i-bronchitis, i-pharyngitis;
• izifo zomgogodla womlomo;
• izifo zohlelo lowesifazane lokuzala.

Contraindication

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa, i-mint inezinombolo eziningi zokwephulwa. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kawoyela obalulekile ekwakhiweni kungavusa ukusabela komzimba, kubangele ukozela, futhi kunciphise ukusabela.

Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa iminti:

• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;
• ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa;
• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6;
• ngokungabekezeleli ngakunye;
• uma umfutho wegazi ophansi;
• ngemithambo ye-varicose;
• ngobuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa amandla, ukozela.

Izindlela Zokusebenzisa

Iminti namalungiselelo enziwe ngesisekelo sawo anezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwezokwelapha kwaziwa kakhulu.

Ukuvuna ama-mint kushiya ukusetshenziswa

Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokwelapha, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa nokuvimbela:

• izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane;
• izifo zokugaya ukudla;
• izifo zesistimu yenhliziyo;
• ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa;
• izifo zesikhumba.

Njengomuthi, uyasetshenziswa:

• ukumiliselwa kwamanzi;
• ukumiliselwa utshwala;
• i-peppermint decoction;
• uwoyela;
• itiye nge mint.

Ngaphezu kwemithi yendabuko, iminti isetshenziswa ekuphekeni kanye nasezimonyo.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-25 zezinhlobo ezingama-25 nezinhlobo ezingama-10 zepeppermint (ngesiLatini, iMéntha piperíta). Iningi lazo likhule ngenkuthalo ezinhlelweni zasengadini.

• Curly. Ukubuka okuncane. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla akwedluli amasentimitha angama-80. Umehluko ngamahlamvu ama-curly kanye nokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Inezinto zokwelapha.
• I-Apple. Ibanga eliphansi namahlamvu velvety amnyama aluhlaza. Inephunga elingashiwongo.
• I-Longleaf. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakaliswa ngamabhishi amade amade. Ukuphakama kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1-1,5. Umehluko omkhulu nge-peppermint ukwakheka kwamazinyo okuphakeme.
• Ulamula. Yaziwa ngokuthi i-lemon balm. Inephunga elimnandi lelam. Kuyahlukahluka ngezakhiwo zokwelapha.
• Okucwebile. Isitshalo esiphansi sisetshenziswa. Inephunga elimnandi. Kusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekuphekeni nasekwelapheni kwendabuko.
• Isilo Umehluko nopelephunga kumphunga ongafundisiwe nomphumela wokupholisa okhanyayo.

Phakathi kwabalimi, imastadi yesinaphi, ingadi, i-orange, inja, i-steppe, amanzi, isiKorea, ushokoledi, i-ginger. Kwama-nzalo akhule ngesilinganiso sezimboni, ukusatshalaliswa kwatholakala: I-Prylukskaya 6, i-Medicinal 4, i-Riddle, i-Charm, i-Udaichanka.

Izici Ezikhulayo

I-Peppermint isho izitshalo ezitshalwe ngendlela yemifino. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka:

• ukuhlukaniswa kwezimpande;
• ukuhluma kwezokusikwa;
• ukuhlwanyela imbewu.

Ngokutshala, khetha isikhathi sentwasahlobo. Ingxenye yesibili ka-Ephreli - ingxenye yokuqala kaMeyi ifaneleka kangcono. Ngalesi sikhathi, izitshalo zikhula kahle endaweni entsha bese ziqala ukukhula ngendlela ekhuthele.

Ukutshala izitshalo

Lapho ukhula, gcina imithetho ethile:

• Isilungiselelo sezithombo sizilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Kuyokwembiwa kuqedwe kukhula. Lapho ulungiselela, kunconywa ukubeka umquba ngaphambi kwenhlabathi.
• Lapho ukutshala izitshalo ezikhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, zimbozwa ngefilimu noma ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe. Lokhu kuzovumela izithombo ezincane ukuba zijwayelane ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha. Ukuvuleka komhlaba kuvuleka lapho usongo ebusuku nemini iqhwa ngokuphelele.
• I-Peppermint iphendula kabi kokuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu enhlabathini. Lapho ukondla, kukhethwa i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
• Isiko lingelesigaba sokukhasa. Ukulawula okuhlanganayo kuyadingeka ukuze kukhawulelwe ama-sprawl. Amashidi wesilayidi noma izingwegwe zensimbi ezifakwe emhlabathini enza njengomkhawulo wemvelo.
• Ukutshala izitshalo ngendlela yokuhlukanisa izimpande kuvunyelwe kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti.

Izici zokunakekelwa kwangaphandle

Ngokusho kwencazelo, i-mint isitshalo esingenakuzithoba. Ukuyikhula futhi uyinakekele ebaleni elivulekile ayidingi izindleko ezinkulu zabasebenzi. Isidingo esiyisisekelo ukulandela imithetho elula yobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ziqukethe ukuthambisa ngesikhathi, ukukhulula inhlabathi nokugqoka okuphezulu:

1. Iminti ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe, hhayi ezomile. Izitshalo ezikhule ngokuvamisile emthunzini oyingxenye.
2. Inhlabathi evundile, enamanzi amaningi ifaneleka kahle.
3. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kwanele ukunisela izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Emazingeni okushisa omoya aphezulu nesomiso, ukuphindaphindwa kukhushulwa kube isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki.
4. Izitshalo zondla entwasahlobo. Ingxube ye-superphosphate, i-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium usawoti ifakwa emhlabathini. Izithako zithathwa ngesilinganiso sama-250 kumamitha ayi-10 skwele ngasinye.
5. Ukuvula izinto kusenziwa kaningi ngesikhathi sonyaka, kuhlanganiswa nokhula notshani lokhula.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya

Okokuzalela ekhaya sebenzisa imbewu, iziza ezivela ezitshalweni ezindala, ukusikwa. Ukulima imbewu kungenye yezindlela eziqinisa kakhulu abasebenzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalo yokutshala imbewu. Ukuhluma okuvame kakhulu ukusikwa noma ukwahlukaniswa kwezihlahla.

Ukukhula ekhaya

Khetha izinqubo ezinempilo ezifika ku-20 amasentimitha ubude. Izimbumbulu zifakwa emanzini nge-activator yokukhula. Ngemuva kokuvela kohlelo lwezimpande olugqinsiwe, isithombo sifakwa ebhodweni elungiselelwe ngaphambili.

Isithombo siyangcwatshwa bese sifafazwa ngenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kakhulu ngamanzi. Ukukhulisa ngempumelelo iminti, kunconywa ukulandela imithetho ethile yokunakekela:

1. Igumbi ligcina izinga lokushisa lika +20 kuya ku-25 ℃.
2. Izithombo zihlala zingena umoya futhi ziniselwe njengoba umhlabathi womisa.
3. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, inhlabathi iyakhululwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe inhlabathi.
4. Lapho kukhula iminti kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ukuthambisa kwenziwa ukuze kususwe amahlumela angenamandla aphuzi.
5. Izithombo zinikeza ukukhanyisa okuhle. Ebusika, kukhanyiswa ezinye izibani.

Amahlumela abantu abadala ayabhekelwa kanye nezinye izitshalo zasendlini - athola uhlelo lokunisela, ukugqoka phezulu nokukhulula inhlabathi.

Isikhathi sezimbali

Isikhathi sezimbali se-peppermint sincike esifundeni sokutshala. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, kusenesikhathi. Izimbali ziyavela maphakathi noJuni. Ezifundeni ezimaphakathi nasenyakatho, lesi sikhathi siguqulwa esikhathini esizayo. Izitolo zokuqala zivela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma maphakathi noJulayi. ENyakatho, iminti ingaqhakaza kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Isiko libonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okude, okuhlala kuze kube nguSepthemba. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ukhipha izimbali kugcinwa kuze kube yiqhwa.

I-Peppermint ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza

I-Peppermint isitshalo esine-cross-pollinated. Abathutha impova yizinambuzane. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, imbewu ivuthwe ezitshalweni - amantongomane amancane ansundu. Imbewu igcina izakhiwo zayo iminyaka emibili.

Ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwe-peppermint

Izitshalo zonyaka wesibili wokuphila zilungele ukuqoqwa. Umsebenzi wenziwa maphakathi noJuni noma Julayi, lapho izitshalo zingena esigabeni sezimbali. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi sinezindawo zokwelapha eziningi.

Kungcono ukuqoqa isitshalo sokwelapha ekuseni ngosuku olomile. Ngaphambi kokuvuna, kunconyelwa ukuthi uhlambe imint ngamanzi bese uyiyeka yome. Ukwazi konke mayelana neminti, izakhiwo zokwelapha nendlela yokusebenzisa, bakhetha indlela yokulungiselela.

Ukulungiselela i-mint kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ukubanda Izitshalo ezintsha ziyagezwa, zomiswe futhi zifakwe emigqonyeni noma ezikhwameni ngezingxenye ezincane. Izitsha zigcinwa efrijini.
• Isiraphu ye-Peppermint. I-800 g yamanzi idinga ama-500 g kashukela. Isiraphu ilethwa ngamathumba. Iminti ifakwa kuyo futhi ibilisiwe. Ingxube esishisayo ihlungwa ngesihlungo esihle bese kufakwa ujusi wengxenye yelamula. Ukwakheka kuxutshwe kahle kanti okokugcina kulethwe ngamathumba.
• I-Peppermint tincture. Ukuze upheke sebenzisa amaphesenti angama-70 utshwala. Iminti ithululelwa esitsheni esenziwe ngotshwala ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10. Amandla abekwe endaweni enhle emnyama izinsuku eziyi-10. Njalo ezinsukwini ezi-1-2, isitsha siyanyakaziswa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, isitsha sihlelwe kabusha esiqandisini ezinye izinsuku ezintathu. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-tincture iyahlungwa bese ithululelwa esitsheni esihlanzekile ukuze igcinwe.
• Utshwala. Ukulungiselela isiphuzo, kudingeka ama-millilitha we-alcohol, ama-millilitha amanzi, 1 g we-peel kalamula kanye no-6 g we mint owomile. Zonke izithako zixutshwe esitsheni sinye futhi zigcizelelwa izinsuku ezingama-2 endaweni emnyama, epholile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2, isiraphu elungiselelwe kusuka ku-1 kg kashukela okhonjiwe nogesi wamamililitha ayi-150 yengezwe kwi-tincture. Ingxube ivuselelwa futhi ibhodwe.
• Ukomisa Imichilo emide yeminti ehlanzwa ngamabomu iyanqunywa futhi iqoqwe ngamabhendi afinyelela kububanzi obuyi-3 cm.Izixhaxha zimiswa endaweni emnyama engene kahle.

Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo

I-Mint ibonakala ngokungatheleleki kokungabi namandla. Kuvame ukuthinteka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.

Ochwepheshe bakhomba inani lezifo ezidala ukulimaza kakhulu ezitshalweni:

• Ukugqwala. Kwenzeka ngomswakama ophezulu, amazinga okushisa aphansi noma ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini. Kubonakala ngokwakhiwa kwe-hue pigmentation emnyama emafulethini eqabunga.
• I-Powdery Mildew Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko somonakalo ukubukeka kwe-plaque kumaqabunga amhlophe. Ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi sifo, i-colloidal kibabule iyafafazwa.
• I-Verticillin wilt. Ibonakala ekuguqukeni kombala wamapheya aphezulu wamapuleti amaqabunga abe mnyama. Njengoba isifo sisabalala, lesi sitshalo siyafa.
• Anthracnose. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngokwakhiwa kwamabala ansundu kumaqabunga amaqabunga. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, kufafazwa uketshezi ngeBordeaux fluid.
• I-Seporia noma ibala. Kubonakala ngesimo sezindawo ezinsundu noma ezimnyama zesimo se-angular ezinomngcele omnyama. Ukulwa nokwanda kwalesi sifo, ukufafaza kusetshenziswa ingxube yeBordeaux.
• Ukuhluma. Lesi sifo sibangelwa i-mycoplasmas. Ezitshalweni ezithintekile, ukunqamuka kokukhula, kuguqulwa ushintsho kumbala wamahlamvu. Kunconywa ukuthi bambe futhi ushise izitshalo ezithintekile. Amabhasi anempilo adluliselwa endaweni entsha.

I-Powdery isikhutha ku-mint

Kwezinambuzane, iminti isengozini enkulu yokulimala:

• uphpermint flea;
• ophethe izihlangu;
• ama-aphid;
• amakhokho;
• amabhungane weevil;
• meadow crank;
• pennies ezivumelanayo.

Kulezi zinambuzane, ibhele, amacimbi wesikhuhlu seklabishi, inundu elingumhlambi, ahlala yedwa. Ukulawula izinambuzane, gcina ukujikeleza kwezilimo, unamathela ohlelweni lokutshala, wenze ukufafazwa kokufafaza.