I-Dicenter, noma "inhliziyo ephukile" - isihlahla esinotshani esinendlela yasekuqaleni yezimbali nephunga elimnandi elingathandeki. Isiko lingelomndeni we-poppy. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, ingaba njalo ngonyaka noma zisetshenziswa. Endle, lesi sitshalo sitholakala eNyakatho Melika, China naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kuze kube muva nje, i-dicenter yayingavamisile ukukhula kumakhamba abantu, kepha manje ukuthandwa kwayo kuyakhula.
Izici zama-dicentres: izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Isikhungo iyi-shrub e-herbaceous, ukuphakama kwayo ifinyelela ku-0.3-1.0 m, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ingxenye engenhla yayo ifa ebusika, futhi ikhula nokufika kwentwasahlobo. Kuboniswa amahlumela aqonde ngokuqinile noma amahlumela okufaka.
Izimbali dicentres zibunjiwe inhliziyo
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-dicenter lungena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Siqukethe izinqubo eziwugqinsi ezibukeka njengama-tubers esundu ngokubukeka. Ziqukethe ukutholakala komswakama kanye nezakhamzimba.
Iziqu zalesi siko zinamanzi, ziyishukela. Zinombala obushelelezi obomvu onsundu. Amaqabunga ahlakazeka ngokungenasici, kumahlumela atholakala kude komunye nomunye, ngoba engxenyeni enkulu ahlanganiswe kwirosette eyisisekelo. Umbala wamapuleti ungahluka kusuka kumnqumo luhlaza okotshani. Izimbali ze-dicenter zifinyelela kubude obu-2 cm. Umbala wazo ungaba mhlophe, upinki noma uphuzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-dicentres wohlobo afaka izinhlobo eziyi-8. Ngayinye yazo inokwehluka kwezimpawu nezici zayo. Kepha ekutshaleni izingadi, akuwona wonke asetshenzisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukubheka izinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu nezimpawu zazo:
- I-Dicentra ebabazekayo noma i-spectabilis (Dicentra spectabilis). Lolu hlobo luphawulwa isihlahla esikhulu esisakazayo futhi singu esidliwayo. Yakha amahlumela aqhakaze amabanga afinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. Ihlukahluka ku-inflemose inflorescence ubude obu-15 cm. Phansi kwezihlahla, ama-rosette aminyene wamahlamvu amaqabunga. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza ezindaweni ezinhle kakhulu ziyizinyanga eziyi-2,5 kuya kwezingu-22. Lezi zinhlobo zingamelana nokushisa okuphansi, kepha zidinga indawo yokukhosela. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-dicentres amahle yilezi: iValentine (izimbali ezibomvu ezimnyama ezinama-petals amhlophe ngezansi), i-Alba (enezimbali ezimhlophe), i-White Gold (enesihlwathi esimnyama samahlamvu nezimbali ezimhlophe qhwa).
- Ama-dicentra amahle (i-Dicentra formosa). Isiko le-perennial nge-bush bush elingafika ku-30 cm. Amaqabunga anama-petioles amade futhi aqoqwe ku rosette asal. Ingaphezulu lamapuleti liluhlaza, kanti eliphansi linombala ogqamile. Izimbali ziphuzi-nsomi, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence. Lolu hlobo lwamasiko lubonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali isikhathi eside ehlobo. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo: I-Aurora (enezimbali ezimhlophe nezibomvana), i-Adriana Blum (enamahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimbali ezipinki), Izindlebe ZaseLava (ezinezimbali ezimhlophe nezimpunga).
- Ukukhuphuka kwe-Dicentra (Dicentra scandens). Ungumvini onamahlumela afinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ubude. Iziqu ziyakwazi ukusabalala emhlabathini noma ekusekelweni. Amaqabunga e-Petiole ternate atholakala kubo bonke ubude bamagatsha. Ama-inflorescences akhiwa hhayi kuphela emaphethelweni noma ezindaweni eziseduze kwamahlumela. Izinhlobonhlobo ezivame kakhulu zabagibeli yiGolden Vine. Ihlukaniswa izimbali eziqhakazile eziphuzi-izinhliziyo.
- I-dicentra ihle kakhulu noma ihlukile (i-Dicentra eximia). Isitshalo esimfushane esingamasentimitha angama-25. Sibonakala ngamaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, afana kakhulu nama-ferns. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza lolu hlobo izinyanga ezimbili. Isitshalo asihlushwa isomiso. Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile: uStuart Butman (onamaqhude apinki).
Ukutshala isitshalo
Ungatshala i-dicenter esizeni ngembewu nangezithombo. Enye yalezi zindlela inezici ezithile. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukubatadisha kusengaphambili.
Ukutshala imbewu
Le ndlela iyasebenza. Kepha bese kunika ithuba lokuthola izithombo eziningi ezincane ngasikhathi sinye. I-dicentres yembewu igcina ukukhula kwayo iminyaka emi-2 emva kokuvunwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala ezingamila.
Ukutshala imbewu kumele kwenziwe ngo-Agasti-Septhemba noma ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. Ukuze kwenzeke lokhu, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela iziqukathi ezibanzi ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi bese uzigcwalisa ngenhlabathi evulekile enempilo. Ngemuva kwalokho, moisten the substrate kahle futhi ujule imbewu ngo-0.5 cm. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iziqukathi kufanele zibekwe endaweni enomthunzi ngokushisa kwe-18-20 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-zero futhi embozwe ngengilazi.
Imbewu izokhula ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-30- 40
Lapho kuvela izithombo, iziqukathi kufanele zihlelwe kabusha kufasitela elikhanyayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile. Lapho nje izithombo ziba namandla zidinga ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo yangaphandle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukususa ingilazi ngosuku lokuqala imizuzu engama-30, futhi nangokwanda ngakunye kwalokhu ngesigamu sehora. Ngemuva kwesonto, indawo yokukhosela ingasuswa ngokuphelele.
Ukutshala izithombo
Ama-dicentres ama-young seed kudingeka atshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo entwasahlobo, lapho umhlaba ufudumala ngokwanele. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, udinga ukumba uzungu lokujula kwefosholo bese ususa ngokucophelela zonke izimpande zokhula ezingapheli.
I-algorithm yezenzo:
- Bumba izimbobo ezijulile ezingama-40 cm ebangeni elingama-50 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Beka ungqimba lwamanzi acwebezelayo angama-7 cm ezansi kwephasi.
- Phezulu ngenhlanganisela eshidi lomhlabathi nomquba.
- Faka i-seedling enkabeni.
- Gcwalisa izikhala ngomhlaba, uthele ngaphezulu.
Uma kunenhlabathi esindayo esakhiweni, khona-ke ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo kubalulekile ukufaka isanti kuyo bese ufaka imvuthuluka ye-limestone.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokutshala okufanele kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-dicenter emhlabathini ovulekile, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha bese siqala ukuqhakaza ngokuphelele iminyaka engama-2-3.
Ukunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi
Kulula ukunakekela i-dicenter. Izithombo kufanele ziniselwe ngokulinganayo, zigweme ukufinyazwa umswakama kanye nokomisa kusuka ezimpandeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi ezansi kwezithombo, ukuze umoya ukwazi ukungena ngokukhululeka ungene ezimpandeni.
Ngesikhathi sesomiso, ukuthambisa kufanele kwenziwe kaningi njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba loma. Ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye, uthele okungenani amalitha amanzi angama-5-6. Futhi ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zingomi ngaphandle, futhi umswakama ungashwibi ngokushesha kusuka emhlabathini, kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa umbuthano wesitshalo ngo-peat noma nge-humus. Kuzophinde kusize ukuvikela ukunqwabelana ebusweni bomhlaba.
Izindlela zokuzala
Ukuthola izithombo ezintsha zama-dicentres, kunconywa ukusebenzisa indlela yokusika nokuhlukanisa i-rhizome.
Esimweni sokuqala, sokusakazeka, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinqubo ze-basal ezivela ngo-Ephreli. Ukusika okunesithende “esithendeni” ubude obungu-12-15 cm kulungele ukuqothula umsuka. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ongaphansi osikiwe uthuliwe yi-ejensi yokwakha izimpande futhi otshalwe enhlabathini yezakhi. Ngaphezulu kwezinqubo, amboze ibhodlela lepulasitiki nefilimu. Lokhu kuzodala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi futhi kusheshiswe ukubamba kwezimpawu.
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo ziqine futhi zikhule, indawo yokukhosela kumele isuswe. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izitshalo ezincane kufanele zibe ngaphakathi ebusika, kodwa kuphela lapho kufika intwasahlobo lapho zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ama-dapent dicentres ajwayela ngokushesha futhi akhule
Esimweni sesibili, ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla yokuqala, kubalulekile ukumba isihlahla esidala sama-dicentres angaphezu kweminyaka emi-4. Ngemuva kwalokho hlanza kahle izimpande kusuka emhlabathini, bese uthambisa. Ngemuva kwalokho faka lesi sitshalo endaweni enomthunzi ukuze kancane kancane siphele. Lokhu kuzovumela ukuthi ukwahlukaniswa kwenziwe ngokushesha nangokunembile.
Ngemuva kwamahora angama-2-3, ngommese obukhali, usike ingxenye eminyene yezimpande ibe izingxenye eziningana. Ngamunye wabo kufanele abe namaphuzu wokukhula we-3-4 nenqubo yezimpande eyenziwe kahle. Izingxenye ezintsha ngemuva kwenqubo kumele zifafazwe ngamalahle, bese zitshala izigaba endaweni ehlala njalo. Emva kwalokhu, izithombo kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu.
Umanyolo kanye nomanyolo
Ukunakekela lesi sitshalo kufaka phakathi ukondla isitshalo isikhathi esifanele. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo, ama-bush kufanele ahlanganiswe nama-organics kabili imvamisa yamaviki ama-2. I-Mullein (1: 10) noma i-bird droppings (1: 15) zikulungele kakhulu lokhu. Uma ungekho, ungasebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen, njenge-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate 30 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
Ngesikhathi kwenziwa ama-buds, imbali ye-dicenter kumele ivundiswe nge-superphosphate (40 g nge-10 l) ne-potassium sulfide (30 g ngebhakede). Thela isihlahla ngaphansi kwempande ngesixazululo. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe kusihlwa.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, umanyolo awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba lokhu kuzokwenza buthaka isihlahla ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika.
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
Kuyadingeka ukuthi udlulise i-dicenter lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni engu-4-5. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhetha indawo entsha, enekwe kahle noma emthunzini oyingxenye. Le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngendlela efanayo nokutshala izithombo ezincane.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe! Isikhungo singokwesigaba samasiko angahlushwa ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke uma ufisa, ungakwenza lokhu njalo eminyakeni emi-3.
Ama-dicentres okunciphisa
Ngemuva kokuba isihlahla siqhakazile, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izitho zomzimba lapho ziqala ukuphephuzi. Ukuthena okwengeziwe kwekhadinali kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla. Lokhu kuzosiza isitshalo ukuthi siphumule ebusika.
Ukwehlisa indawo okuyisisekelo kuyadingeka ezansi, kusale kuphela amahlumela amancane
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ngokwencazelo kanye nezimpawu, i-dicenter imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane. Kepha uma izimo ezikhulayo zingaguquki, ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo kuncishisiwe.
Izinkinga ezijwayelekile:
- Ukubuka izindandatho. Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, amahlumela namaqabunga e-dicentre embozwe ukuqhakaza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kuphazamisa i-photosynthesis futhi kuholele ekufuneni isitshalo. Kunzima ukuqeda lesi sifo segciwane, yingakho kulula ukusivimbela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwelapha ama-dicenter bush nge fungicides kaningana ngesizini. Kufanele futhi ususe ukhula ngesikhathi, udoti wamaqabunga kanye namagatsha amadala.
- I-mosaic kagwayi. Isibonakaliso esibonakalayo se-lesion zingamnyama amabala amnyama emaqabungeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amapuleti ayeka ukuthuthuka futhi anciphe. Lesi sifo sithinta kabi isitshalo, futhi sibe isizathu esenza i-dicenter ingaqhakaza. Ukulwa, kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela namaqabunga anezifo, kanye nokwenza isifutho sokuzivikela ngama-fungicides: "Skor", "Fitosporin".
- Ama-aphid. Inkathazo idla ujusi wez amahlumela amancane, okwenza buthaka kakhulu isitshalo. Ukubhubhisa inkathazo, kunconywa ukufafaza izihlahla nge-Intavir, Karbofos.
Isikhathi sezimbali nokunakekelwa ngalesi sikhathi
Izimbali dicentres zenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-inflorescences amahle afana nemigexo avela emaphethelweni amahlumela. Ngaphansi kwesisindo sazo, amagatsha ayagoba futhi arched. Ingxenye engenhla yamahlumela inokwakheka kwenhliziyo, futhi phansi kukhona amacembe aphambukayo futhi abheke slot ngesimo sechubhu eligoqiwe.
Isitshalo siqhakaza kabili ngesizini. Isikhathi sokugcwala kokuqala kungamaviki angama-3-4. Maphakathi nehlobo, isihlahla siyaphela kancane kancane, kusala amahlumela amancane ambalwa. Ngo-Agasti, lapho ukushisa kuncipha, isitshalo siqhakaza futhi. Emva kwalokhu, kwenziwa amabhokisi lapho imbewu ivuthwa.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukunakekela i-dicenter kuqukethe ukususwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamahlumela awonakele, okuzosiza ukwabela kabusha amandla esitshalo.
Lesi sitshalo sibukeka ngokutshala kweqembu.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Isikhungo esihle kakhulu se-Alba, njengezinye izinhlobo zesiko zaphakade, kumele simbozwe ebusika ngesendlalelo se-peat noma i-humus. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ukuqandeka kwengaphezulu yezimpande lapho kungekho qhwa ngokwanele.
Udinga ukususa indawo yokukhosela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphandle kokulinda ukushisa okuqhubekayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokusongelwa kokubuya kwamaqhwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-agrofiber ukugcina amahlumela amasha.
Kubalulekile ukwazi! Isikhungo, ukutshala nokunakekela isiko akudingi amakhono akhethekile, ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umlimi oqalayo angabhekana nalokhu.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kaningi emasimini agxiliwe nasendaweni eyomile yengadi, ama-rockeries, amagquma ase-alpine kanye nemithambeka enamadwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, idicenter ibukeka kahle iculwa futhi iculwa ngamaqembu.
Njengesitshalo esanele, kufanele sitshalwe kuphekelwa utshani noma i-conifers eluhlaza. Omakhelwane abahle kakhulu kuye bangaba:
- Sebawoti
- Kuthengiwe
- ILungwort;
- ama-daffodils;
- ama-hyacinths;
- ama-tulips.
Ungahlanganisa futhi ekutshaleni izinhlobo eziningana zezimbali ezinemibala ehlukene kanye nezimbali ngasikhathi sinye. Idicenter nayo izizwa imnandi ngaphansi kombhede wezilimo ezinde.
I-Dicenter yisivakashi sakwamanye amazwe, esibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali isikhathi eside ngokunakekelwa okuncane. Isiko lingatshalwa ezindaweni lapho ezinye iminyaka yonyaka zingakwazi ukukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukuthandwa kwama-dicenters kuyakhula. Lokhu akwenzeki ngengozi, ngoba imbalwa izitshalo azithobeki kangako futhi ziyakwazi ukujabulisa iso kuyo yonke inkathi yonyaka.
