ICalla, noma i-zvedeschia, isitshalo esidala, isitshalo somndeni wakwa-Aroid, noma i-Aronnikovy. Kukhona i-calla yase-Ethiopia - i-rhizome, eqhuma ekwindla nasebusika ngezimbali ezimhlophe, kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJuni isesimweni esibi kakhulu. I-calla yaseNingizimu Afrika isitshalo esinezimbali eziningi noma esinamandla amakhulu, umbala wezimbali zaso uhlukile, uyaqhakaza ehlobo. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zitshalwa ezweni nasefulethini. Lesi sitshalo sihlukaniswa imbali yaso yasekuqaleni: kwi-peduncle ende kukhona i-inflorescence ephuzi ngesimo se-cob embozwe ngephepha lesembozo esenziwe ngesimbozo sephepha, elinombala waso ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene.
Izimbali zasekhaya - indawo yaseNingizimu Melika ne-Afrika. Abafuyi bazala inqwaba yezinhlobo ezikhulayo njengezimbali zasekhaya nezasemgwaqweni. Ukutshala kwama-callas nokunakekelwa enkundleni evulekile okudinga ulwazi namakhono athile, akuhehi abalimi abanolwazi kuphela, kodwa futhi nabaqali ngamaqabunga abo afushanisiwe, nembali enhle.
Umbango wemibala yokuqhuma kwama-callas
Isikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo
Maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi, lapho isikhathi seqhwa lentwasahlobo seludlulile, nenhlabathi ekujuleni kuka-15 cm isifudumeze kufika ku-15 ° C, baqala ukutshala ama-callas engadini, lokhu kuhambelana nesimo sezulu maphakathi neRussia. Izinsuku zokufika ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngaphambili: maphakathi no-Ephreli. Enyakatho yezwe, e-Urals naseSiberia, kungakuhle ukuthi ulinde kuze kuphele ukuphela kukaMeyi noma ngisho nokuqala kukaJuni.
Izigaba zokulungiselela ukutshala iminduze ye-calla
Ephreli-Meyi - isikhathi "sokuvuswa" kwama-corms ama-callas avuthayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala amalungiselelo okufika:
- Vula amabhokisi lapho bezivalele khona bese bekhipha nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
- Susa izindwangu zamaphepha.
- Hlola ukuba khona kwezifo zokukhunta.
- Iphathwa nge-fung fung noma i-potanganum permanganate solution.
- Hlukanisa "izingane", uhlukane ne-jumper bese ucubungula indawo yokuqhekeka ngombala oluhlaza okotshani.
Ukuvela kwamahlumela kuma-corms kuvuka ngemuva kobusika
Imithetho yokukhetha izinto zokutshala
Isibazi esilungele ukutshala kufanele sibe sikhulu, sibe nesakhiwo esiminyene nesifana ne-tuber amazambane. Isibazi esisontekile, esiminyene ngeke sikhiqize isitshalo esijwayelekile. Izinhlamvu ezigulayo nezonakalisiwe ziyalahlwa ukuze zelashwe. Izinto ezikhethiwe zibekwa emathileyi futhi zifakwe endaweni epholile enamazinga okushisa angama-5-7 ° C, angena umoya njalo.
Ukumba nokugcina iminduze ye-calla ebusika
Ukufakwa ubusika kweCalla engadini akunikezwanga, lesi sitshalo asimelani nesithwathwa, singamelana ne-2 ° C. Njalo ekwindla bmba isibani.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uphumelele ukukhula imbali, kubalulekile ukudala izimo zayo isikhathi esichazwe kahle sokuphumula ebusika.
Lapho iminduze ye-calla ibuna futhi ibuna, ngaphambi kwamakhaza, gaya izimbotshana ngobunono ukuze ungalimazi isiqu. Izilimo eziyizimbotshana ezinokwembiwa zibekwe ekhadibhodini noma emabhokisini enkuni bese zibekelwa amasonto amabili egumbini elomile ukuze lome. Ngemuva kwalokho iziqu ezomile nezimpande ezivela isibani zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela.
Bemba izinhlamvu zomzimba ngemuva kokoma
Lezi zokugcina zigezwa kahle futhi ziphathwe ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, bese zigezwa futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi agobhozayo. Lapho kukhipha amanzi, ama-bulb ahlanza isonto lonke egumbini elimnyama lokungena umoya ukuze lome.
Nakani! “Izingane” azisuswanga kwizibani ezimbiwe, kubalulekile ukulinda kuze kube yilapho kukhiqizwa i-jumper phakathi kwe-bulb kamama kanye "nengane" ukuze kuhlukaniswe ngaphandle kokulimala kwe-bulb yomzali, bese kamuva bayisebenzisa ukusakaza. Kuthatha unyaka wonke. Uma uhlukana ngokushesha, ungalimaza isibani, esigcwele ukutheleleka nokufa.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezilungiselelwe zilungele ukugcinwa ebusika. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, phinda uhlole konke okutholakele ukuthola umonakalo nokubola. Izinkinga ezitholakele kumele zisuswe ngommese obukhali. Yoma amahora ambalwa, bese uphatha zonke izingxenye ngekhabhoni eluhlaza noma esebenze.
Izinto zokutshala zokuzalela zihlanganiswa emaphepheni, ibhulabhu ngayinye ngokwahlukana, ifakwe emabhokisini anezimbobo bese ibekwa ukuze igcinwe egumbini elinomoya elinamazinga okushisa ayi-10-16 C. Hlala ubheka ukuthi akukho ukubola noma ukomisa ukuphuma.
Ukuhluma ama ngaphambi kokutshala
Ukuhluma kwe-nezilimo eziyizigaxa kusheshisa ukukhula kwesitshalo, okuholela ekuqhakaza kwezimbali ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi isikhathi eside, futhi kunomthelela ekwandeni kokungavimbiqhaza nezifo. Ukuqinisekisa inani elanele lokukhanya kwemini, inqubo iqala maphakathi no-Mashi, uma ngaphambili, kuzodingeka ukusebenzisa ukukhanyisa okwenziwe ngenkani.
Ukuze "uvuke" nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingazange zibambe ubusika, zigcinwe kwikhambi le-potanganum permanganate imizuzu engama-30, izindawo ezonakele zahlolwa futhi zasuswa ngommese obukhali, zasebenza izingxenye zezinto eziluhlaza. Lungiselela iziqukathi zokufika:
- Izimbiza zithathwa ngezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.
- Phansi kwakubeka ungqimba lwamanzi amatshe amancane nesihlabathi.
- Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi okulungiselelwewe kusabalale ngaphezulu.
- Ama-tubers atshalwe, hhayi angcwatshwe ngokujulile emhlabathini, aze afike ku-2 cm.
Amakhono afakwa emakamelweni anamazinga okushisa aze afike ku-20 ° C. Nakekela nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezitshaliwe, ziqala ukunisela ngesonto. Faka amanzi izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto, uqiniseke ukuthi inhlabathi imanzi, kepha amanzi awazange ame. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, kuzovela amaqabunga okuqala.
Ukuhluma kwe-callas emabhodweni ekhaya ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukugcwala kwenhlabathi
Isici sokunakekelwa esiyimpoqo sikhulula inhlabathi, lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulethwa komoya-mpilo ohlelweni lwezimpande. Inqubo kumele yenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze ingalimazi izimpande.
Ukuthukululwa kwemvelo kudalwa yimisundu. Ngokwandisa inani labo esizeni, ngaphezu kokukhulula, baphinde bacebise inhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba.
Nakani! Ukuthukulula kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye noma imvula, ukuze ukugcwala kungabonakali phezu komhlaba.
Izithombo
Ama-callas atshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile lapho izikhala zeqhwa zingahambi, maphakathi nenyanga kaMeyi. Amabhule ahlwanyelwe, atshalwe ngokushesha phezu kombhede wezimbali, azoqhakaza kungekudala, kudingeka azivumelanise nezimo ezintsha futhi akhe uhlelo lwezimpande, kuphela uma lokhu kuqala ukukhula kwesitshalo uqobo. Amahlumela okuqala avela emavikini angama-2-3. Ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali kwangaphambili, amahlamvu avukile aqhuma ekhaya. Ukuthola isitshalo esidala ekuqaleni kwehlobo, atshalwa ngoMashi. Kulokhu, isitshalo esinamaqabunga sitshalwa singene emhlabathini ovulekile, oqala ukukhula ngokushesha.
Ukulinywa kwe-bulb nokunakekelwa kwengadi
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-callas, ama-bulbs kufanele alungiselelwe. Zigcinwa kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engama-30, bese zomiswa futhi zinqunywe izindawo ezonakele nezinezifo, zithathe kancane ezinempilo. Izingcezu ziphathwa luhlaza okotshani. Ungatshala kanjani iminduze ye-calla emhlabathini ovulekile: atshalwe embhedeni wezimbali owembiwe emhlabathini ovundisiwe, nokugcina ibanga phakathi kwawo okungama-30-40 cm nokuvala ukujula okungama-5-10 cm:
- Ezinkulu zimbiwe zijule;
- Amancanyana afafazwa nomhlaba kancane.
Ngemuva kokutshala, uhlelo lwezimpande lwenziwa kuqala, ngalesi sikhathi ukuthambisa akudingeki, izithombo ziyavela ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-2-3. Kungemva kokuqedwa kwezimpande kuphela, amabutho imbali aqondiswa ekukhuleni kwesitshalo uqobo.
Izakhi ezisemqoka zokunakekelwa kwezimbali enkundleni evulekile yilezi:
- Ukunisela ngesikhathi;
- Ukwenza ukugqoka okudingekayo;
- Ukhula lokhula;
- Ukuvulwa kwenhlabathi njalo.
Ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokunakekelwa, ama-callas azoqala ukuqhakaza ngenyanga nesigamu futhi azokujabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle kuze kube yilapho kuwa.
Ukunisela nokufafaza
Ama-callas ayinsimu - isitshalo esinama-hygrophilous, ukuchelela kuyisici esibalulekile ekunakekelweni kwezimbali. Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-callas awaniswa, abheka "umbuso owomile". Ukunisela kuqala ngemuva kokuvela kokuhluma kokuqala, endaweni ethile emavikini angama-2-3 ngemuva kokutshala.
Nakani! Kugeleza umfudlana wamanzi uzungeze isitshalo, ugweme ukuxhumana nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amaningana, ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi: izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. Ukuchelela isitshalo kaningi kangakanani kuya ngesimo sezulu. Ukuchelela okufanele kufanele kube njalo kepha kube ngokulinganiselayo ukuze inhlabathi ihlale inomswakama. ICalla ayithandi umswakama omningi enhlabathini, kodwa ukuwomisa kwawo akumele kuvunyelwe. Ngokwesomiso, ukuchelela kufanele kube kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga kufanele afafazwe futhi anyiswe.
Imininingwane eyengeziwe! Okunye ukuveza imbali kungasetjenziswa njenge-barometer: isitshalo siqala ukukhala ngaphambi kwemvula.
Izindlela nesikhathi sokuphaka
Isitshalo siphendula kahle kumanyolo, inkathi ngayinye idinga umanyolo ohlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuthi i-callas ithanda inhlabathi enama-acidic, kumele i-acidified.
Uhlobo lomanyolo nenani elidingekayo
| Isikhathi sesicelo nokuthi zingaki | Yini umanyolo | Inani lokusetshenziswa | Qaphela |
| Ukufakelwa | Izimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi | 30-40 g / sq. m | Ukuhlinzeka ukondliwa kwesizini yonke |
| Izikhathi ezi-3 ngesizini | ICitric noma i-Acetic Acid | 1 isipuni ngebhakede lamanzi | Ukugcina umhlabathi ulungile |
| Isikhathi esingu-1 emasontweni ama-3 | Ikhethekile ama-corms | ngokwemiyalo | Ukuze kwakhiwe nokukhula ama |
| Isikhathi sezimbali | I-potassium sulfate | 1 isipuni ngesitshalo ngasinye | Thela ezungeze isitshalo, usabalalisa ngokulinganayo futhi ufafaza kancane ngomhlaba |
Kubalulekile! Umanyolo weNitrogen ufaka isandla ekukhuleni kwenqwaba eluhlaza, kungakuhle ukuthi ungazisebenzisi.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Nezifo
Ama-callas alwiselana nezifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, kepha uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele uqale uqale ngokuxazulula inkinga.
Izifo zezitshalo ezingaba khona, izindlela zokulawula
| Lesi sifo | Ukuboniswa kwangaphandle | Izizathu nezixazululo |
| Amabala aphuzi aphuzi futhi aphuzi (igciwane) | Ukuvela kwezindawo ezikhanyayo ezingama-annular namaqabunga ama-curly, ukuguqulwa kwezimbali, imisinga ekhanyayo kuma-peduncle. | Umuntu ohamba ngezinyawo uyachitha. Ukuqothulwa kwesinambuzane. |
| I-Bacterial Wet Rot | Ukuvela kokubola kuma-petioles amaqabunga kanye nama-peduncle asezingeni eliphansi, ngokuphuka kwawo okwalandela. Izimpande zimanzi, zibolile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwe ngombala onsundu. | Izitshalo ezigulayo ziyabhubhisa. Ukuvimbela - ukutshala kuphela nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinempilo. |
Izinambuzane nezindlela zokulawula
| Izinambuzane | Izimpawu zokuba khona | Izindlela zomzabalazo nokuvimbela |
| Ama-aphid | Amaqabunga, efihlekile nezimbali baphenduka ophuzi, curl. Ngomonakalo omkhulu - ukuphuma kwe-aphid okunamathelayo. | Uma i-lesion imnene, yihlanze ngensipho nangamanzi. Ngokuqina - ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa: "Antitlin", "Actellik", "Fitoverm" nabanye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, ukwelashwa kuyaphindwa. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Isimo sezulu esishisayo sinomthelela ekubukekeni. Emacembe - amachashazi aphuzi, agcina ephenduka aba izingcezu ezinkulu ezibunjiwe nezomile. | |
| Ama-Thrips | Ukubonakala kwesheen yesiliva ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga amaqabunga namabala ansundu ngezansi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga, izimbali ziphenduka ziphuzi futhi zomile. | Amakhambi e-Folk - ukufafaza nge-infusions: ama-marigolds, yarrow, celandine, ugwayi. Icubungula namalungiselelo: "Aktara", "Karate", "Fufanon", njll. |
Ukunakekela ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ama-callas ayeka ukunisela amanzi, ama-peduncle agxiliwe asikwa ngokucophelela. Kungani kudingekile - ukulunga ukuheha imbali nokukhula kwama-peduncle amasha. NgoSepthemba, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, ama-peduncle droop. Engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ama-tubers abiwa ngokucophelela futhi alungiselelwe ukugcinwa.
Isidlo sama-callas
Izinkinga ezikhulayo
Ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokukhula nokunakekela kuphakamisa ezinye izinkinga. Uma izimo zokugcina zephulwa, okokutshala kuzobe kungakulungele ukutshala izimbali. Ama-callas atshalwe sekwephuze kakhulu angaqhakaza. Uma izitshalo zitshalwe ziseduze kakhulu, zizoba buthakathaka futhi zincane, bese izimbali zicacile. Umhlabathi ongafanele ongatheni uzophazamisa ukukhula nezimbali. Ukunisela okunganele ngesikhathi esishisayo, nesimo sezulu esomile kungadala izinambuzane. Ukunisela ngokweqile kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo. Ukuhambisana nemithetho elula yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhule ngempumelelo nezitshalo ezigelezayo ngokuqhubekayo.
Ama-callas yizimbali ezikhula engadini yazo ezingadali ubunzima obukhethekile, ukumelana kwesitshalo uqobo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni kwenza kube lula ukuphumelela. Umtshali, noma enolwazi oluncane, angakhula isihlahla esiqhakaza ngama-inflorescence obucayi.
