Phakathi kwezithelo izitshalo ezikhule ezweni lethu, okuvame kakhulu yi-apula, okungukuthi ummeli omele.
Futhi hhayi nje lapha kuphela, kodwa emhlabeni wonke, lezi zihlahla ze-squat ziye zafaka isikhathi eside izimbangi zabo ezide.
Izinguquko ezinjalo zazingokwemvelo.
Okokuqala, izihlahla ze-apula ezinamandla zithatha indawo enkulu nomqhele wazo.
Futhi, ukubakhathalela kuthatha umzamo omkhulu, futhi ukusetshenziselwa kahle nokusika kufanele kungasebenzi, futhi, ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu.
Ukufinyelela izihlobo zabo ezingasebenzi, isihlahla se-apple esincane wathola ukuthandwa okukhulu. Omunye wabameleli balezi zihlahla apula izinhlobo Sokolovsky, okuzoxoxwa kamuva. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
I-Sokolovskoye yizinto ezihlukahlukene zasebusikangakho-ke, inezo zonke izinzuzo zalesi sigaba, okungukuthi, izithelo zayo zingadliwa unyaka wonke, zona ukuzithoba ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokugcina.
Ngendlela, labo abazama ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokugcinwa kwezinhlobo zama-apula ebusika bakwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi kunzima ukusebenzisa izincomo ezinikezwe ochwepheshe.
Akubona bonke abalimi abanethuba lokunika ikamelo elihlukile kulowo nalowo mhlobo, lapho kuzobe khona khona izinkomba zokushisa kanye nomswakama ngamunye.
Uma unesidlangaladi esivamile, ungalindela isilashala noma isiteji kuphela, lapho isibonakaliso somswakama, i-thermometer noma imishini yokuqapha imingcele ye-microclimatic cishe ayitholakali.
Inkohliso kuphela yindlela yokuphumula, futhi lokho akulona okuzenzakalelayo.
Hlangana nezinye izinhlobo zasebusika zezihlahla ze-apula: uGranny Smith, Winter Pear, i-Aydared, i-Antonovka dessert, i-Stroyevskoe, i-Fuji, i-Lobo, i-Kuibyshevskoe, i-Phoenix i-Altai.
Futhi manje amathiphu awusizo ngempela:
Khetha indawo lapho izinga lokushisa libusika ku-1 ° - + 5 ° futhi ayashintsha ngaphezu kwamadigri amabili. Ithonya lamaconsi aqinile lilimaza, ngakho-ke kufanele uhlunge izithelo ngqo esiteji.
Emabhokisini okusebenzisa isitoreji esenziwe ngokhuni, plywood noma epulasitiki, lapho ama-apula ahlelwa khona ngobukhulu. Amabhokisi amancane ayethandwa: kulula ukuhambisa.
Kuyoba nokuphepha ukushintsha isithelo nge-chips, sawdust, utshani, lapho kungekho khona: ngamaphephandaba, napkins, iphepha, bangasongwa nge-apula.
Ukuvota
Lezi zihlukahlukene azikwazi ukuvota impova ngokwazo, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuba khona kwe-pollinator wesithathu.
Abanikazi abafanele kakhulu kule ndima kuyoba izinhlobo zemithi. I-Bratchud, i-Snowdrop, i-Carpet.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene yeSokolovsky
Cabanga ngokwehlukana ukuthi yini i-apula nesithelo sayo kubonakala sengathi.
Ukuba isisindo esingokwemvelo esinomqhele ongenamathele, umuthi we-apula kanye nezihlahla zawo ezinhlwini zembewu ayidluli amamitha amabili.
On izimpande rootative clonal rootstocks - 1.5 metres.
Igxolo elijwayelekile kanye namagxolo amagatsha amakhulu omnyama omnyama.
Ukuhluma zonke izinhlobo zezinkuni zezithelo, ngokuvamile kuvuna izithelo ekukhuleni konyaka odlule.
Izithelo usayizi zidlula inani elilinganiselwe, isakhiwo esinesigxili.
Isikhumba somile, sibhebhezela, sigwetshiwe, siphuzi-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka sine-predominance ebizwa ngokuthi uboya obomvu obomvu.
Ubude be-stem buphakathi, buqondile, bukhulu. I-fruit pulp enomzimba futhi enamanzi, enemibala ekhanda, enhle kahle, ukunambitheka okuhle okumnandi.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Kwasungulwa ngaphansi I-South Ural Research Institute of izithombo of pollination mahhala Vydubychi ekhala.
Wabiza enye yezinhlobo zakhe ngokuhlonipha ngaleso sikhathi umqondisi wesiteshi sokuzalanisa N.F. Sokolova, okwenza umnikelo obalulekile ekugciniseni ibhizinisi futhi uye wabasiza ngokuphindaphindiwe abasebenzi bawo.
I-Apple Sokolovskie ibanjwe kahle e-Ural line ngakho-ke, babethelwe kule ngxenye yezwe.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula ezifanele ukutshala esifundeni esicacisiwe: Indodakazi ka-Pepinchik, i-Uralets, i-Yantar, i-On-Screen, i-Flashlight, i-Gorno-Altai, i-Gornist, i-Altynay.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
Indawo engcono kakhulu yokukhula okuphumelelayo kwe-apple Sokolovskoe - ESiberia.
Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuhlukahluka kungaveza izithelo emazweni angewona amazwe, isibonelo, esifundeni saseMoscow.
Into esemqoka ukuyikhumbula ukuthi yena ayikubekezeli ukushisa ngisho ngaphansi kwesimo sokunisela okukhululekile.
Ukuthela
Ukulimala kuqala ngo-3-4 iminyaka emva kokugoma. Wonke umuthi we-apula uletha kuze kube ngu-65 kg.
Kodwa-ke, ukuvuna okungajwayelekile kungenzeka.
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi eminyakeni evelele ikakhulukazi umuthi uchitha wonke umsoco ekukhuleni kwamapula amanje, yingakho ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezifihlekile akukwenzeki ukuvuna okulandelayo, ngoba izinsiza ze-apula ziphelile.
Lokhu kungagwenywa uma kuhlelekile unakekele umuthi:
- Ukudla ngokushelela futhi unikeze isitshalo ngomswakama;
- Susa amanye amagatsha esithelo, okuholela ekuvuseleleni kwesihlahla esivuthiwe nokukhula kwamahlumela amasha ngefihlekile ngonyaka ozayo;
- Izimbali kanye nama-ovarie, okuvela kuwo okuvela ngaphakathi kwe-inflorescence yonke imbali eyodwa kuphela.
- Kunezinye iziqondiso zokunakekela umuthi we-apula.
Mayelana nabo esigatshaneni esilandelayo.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukuze i-apula ithwale izithelo futhi ingaguli, akudingeki nje ukuthi uyihlwanyele kahle, kodwa futhi uyayinakekela.
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuthenga izimpande kumele ziboshwe ngezigqoko ezimanziukugwema ukuma.
Ngokushesha umuthi utshalwe emhlabathini, ngokushesha uzothola futhi uthathe.
Izihlahla ezincane zifuna ukuphuza nokuphuza ukushisa kwamanzi.
Izihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlathi zitshalwe eduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
Ngisho nesomiso esingabaluleki kubulala abantu abadala.
Naphezu kokukhula kwabo okuthobekile, izihlahla zibekwa kude kakhulu noma zikhulu kunalokho 3 amamitha, futhi wangcwatshwa ekujuleni kwezinga elingaphansi kwesigamu semitha. Ububanzi bokufika buyi-70 cm.
Ukuthungwa komgodi kuhambisana nokususwa koqweqwe oluphezulu lwenhlabathi, oluxubene nama-humus futhi luhanjiswe ku-recess, ngaphambi kokuligcwalisa 10 amalitha amanzi.
Umuthi we-apula omncane uhlehliswa ngokucophelela engxenyeni bese ubeka ukuze Indawo yokugoma yayingama-2-3 cm ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
Inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu igxile phezulu, khona-ke i-roller yodolo ithululelwa, ezokwenza ngcono umphumela wokuchelela.
Izindlela zokunakekelwa kwezihlahla ze-apula zifana nokujwayelekile. Kubandakanya izinqubo zangasese nezindlela zokulungisa, ukuchelela, ukudla nokuvikela izilwane nezinambuzane.
Ehlobo, izihlahla ziphuziswa. ngamalitha angu-10 wamasonto onke.
Ngonyaka wesibili nowesithathu wokuphila, akunandaba ukuthi i-apula iveza izithelo, inondliwa ngamaminerali omquba.
Uma imithombo yemvelo iyatholakala, ungakwazi ukupheka ukukhipha i-mullein (1:10) noma umquba wezinkukhu (1:20), ngomuthi owodwa - 1-2 amabhakede.
Njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla ezinamahlathi alusezingeni elingenhla, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esomile.
Ukunisela kanye nemvula kumele kulandelwe yisibopho ukukhulula nokususa ukhula.
Ukuphuzisa kufanele kuphelile ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.uma kungenjalo amagatsha ngeke avuthwe futhi frost uyobalimaza.
Ekupheleni kokuwa, amanzi avuselela ukuchelela kuyadingeka, ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwempande lulula ukudlulisa ubusika obubi.
Nakuba isihlahla sama-apple soSovsvskoy sinqanda amaqabunga, izimpande zawo ziseduze eduze nendawo.
Kuyoba okunengqondo ukufudumala indawo ezungeze umuthi.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Scab. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nesikhumba.
Umdlavuza omnyama Yakhelwe emagqumeni amathangi namagatsha endaweni yokulimala nokushisa kwelanga ngendlela yamabala obomvu, okwandisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukunyuka okuqhubekayo okubangelwa i-soot fungus.
Coccomycosis. Isakazwa kabanzi. Kubonakala emaqabunga, izithelo namahlumela amasha ngendlela yamabala amancane abomvu.
I-pathogen ichitha ubusika emaqabunga awile. Ukuhlanza kwabo ngesikhathi esifanele kuzovimbela ukusakazeka kwesifo.
Izithelo zibola. Amapayipi amhlophe ngezithelo ezibolile - umthombo wokutheleleka. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqoqa izithelo ezifakiwe.
Aphid Izitha zemvelo zizosiza ukuzinqamula: ama-ladybugs, izibungu ze-golden-eyed, i-hover, i-beetle emhlabathini.
Bethandwa ezitshalweni ezifana ne-calendula, i-dill, i-velvet Ribbon, i-coriander, i-fennel.
Akulimazi ukugcoba iziqu ezinkathini zonyaka zasekuseni nasekwindla, ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngamakhemikhali.
Isihlahla sesithelo se-Apple. Ama-butterflies amancane amnyama afaka iqanda elihlaza elilodwa elilodwa ngeqabunga ngalinye. Amacimbi avulekayo ahlala emithonjeni ye-crust.
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali, ungakwazi ukukhipha ama-apple compote noma i-kvass enothile ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezinambuzane. Amabhange anesiphuzo amiswa emagatsheni, kanti ekuseni ahlulwa izinambuzane ezibajabulisa.
I-silkworm ekhalisiwe. Futhi i-butterfly, kodwa enkulu, inombala eluhlaza noma eluhlaza. Amaqanda abekwe emagatsheni amancane anganqunywa futhi ahlanganiswe ezimbizeni, agcwele i-gauze, futhi abekwe ngaphansi kombhoshongo ngaphambi kokuhlwitha.
Ngemuva kokufa kwamacimbi alambile, amabhange avuliwe ukunikeza izimpukane ze-Takhin ukubeka amaqanda kuwo. Okulandelayo, amabhange anezitha zemvelo ze-silkworm afakwa ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Njengoba zizalwa, zizoqala ukuthelela izinambuzane ze-egg-laying.
I-Hawthorn. Ihlukaniswe ngamaphiko ayo amhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama futhi ibeka amaqanda engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga. Amacimbi ama-5 cm ubude, anemivimbo engu-3 yochungechunge emanzini omzimba omnyama. Entwasahlobo adle efihlekile efihlekile.
Listovertka. Izimvemvane ezincane. Izibungu zibhubhisa amaqabunga nezimbali, zihudula phansi ngosizo lwama-cobwebs.
Gcwalisa amaqabunga abe yipayipi noma ibhola. Bangadla izithelo, badle amanxeba noma balimaze isikhumba.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane eziphazamisa i-apula ngokuqondile kuxhomeke esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo sesithakazelo.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokuxwayisa sokubonakala kwezinambuzane zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kuzoba nomthelela oqine kakhulu.
Ukubamba iqhaza, ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi uma ufuna ukuthola izinga eliphakeme, izithelo ezinomsoco unyaka wonke, kufanele ulandele ngokucophelela amathiphu angenhla bese uhlola njalo izihlahla zezifo nezinambuzane.
