Ngokumelene nesimiso semifino ejwayelekile ebomvu okusajingijolo, inguqulo yayo emnyama ibonakala ingavamile, ngoba kubuhlungu kakhulu ezindaweni ezingasemakhaya. Yini engingayisho, ngisho nalapho kuthengiswa akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthola izithombo zokusajingijolo ezimnyama "i-Cumberland", yingakho abantu abambalwa abakhathalela ngokutshala nokukhathalela. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwa ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo zenani elikhulu, amajikijolo amnyama anombala omnyama futhi afanelekile ukulima endaweni yethu, kungenzeka ukuthi kuzoba khona abalimi abangasebenzisa lolu lwazi olulandelayo.
Umlando wokuzalanisa okusajingijolo izinhlobo "Cumberland"
I-Cumberland okusajingijolo okuhlukahlukene kwakhiwe eMelika ekuqaleni kuka-1888, okusho ukuthi lesi siko sineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 ubudala.
Lo mmeli ongamelana nesithwathwa esikoleni saseMelika ozalisayo wazalwa ngokudabula ama-raspberries abomvu kanye nama-saplings, ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo esisha sinambitha ecacile futhi ehlukile. Mhlawumbe kuyimbonga kuye, kanye nombala ongavamile, ukuthi okusajingijolo omnyama kuye kwathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi baseYurophu naseMelika yonke le minyaka.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, "i-Cumberland" ayitholakali engatholakali ensimini yezifunda ngaphambilini ezayingxenye ye-USSR.
Incazelo yeCumberland Raspberry
Abanye balimi be-amateur bacabangela ama-raspberries amnyama ama-Cumberland ukuze abe ama-blackberries (aneziqu eziqondile), kodwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi lokhu akusilo, kunelungelo lokuzijwayeza ngencazelo yalo. Lesi sitshalo-izimpande zineziqhumane, ezinamandla, ezincane kakhulu, zifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5.
Okusajingijolo okumnyama kukhetha inhlabathi evundile enezakhi nezingoma ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukuthi amasayithi anjalo atholakala endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Izitshalo zezitshalo azivamile, kepha kunama thoba ahlabayo, kanye nokufakelwa amaqabunga amahlanu ahlangene.
Amahlumela ezinhlobonhlobo zeCumberland atholakala ngamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu ukusuka emzimbeni oyinhloko, futhi ama-offsprings awo atholakala ngokujula okungaba ngu-20 cm, okuvumela ukumba ngokujwayelekile ngaphandle kokwesaba isitshalo. Nokho okusajingijolo okunjalo kubekezelela ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokukhula kabi, okuchazwa yinani elincane lezimpande ezikhona. Ukunakekelwa (kufaka phakathi ukwakheka komqhele), kwenziwa njengokutshala kwanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokusajingijolo: amahlumela amadala nokufa kufanele aqedwe.
Ukuvuthwa kwe-okusajingijolo okumnyama kuhambisana nokuqhakaza kwezinto ezivamile, kodwa ukuvuthwa okuhlukahlukene kweCumberland kamuva: cishe ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Izithelo zakhiwa amahlumela ngonyaka odlule, kanti amajikijolo okuqala avela angama-size amakhulu, kanti okulandelayo kuyaba amancane. Bathandeka kakhulu futhi bafana ne-blackberry.
Uma unquma ukuthenga izithombo zokusajingijolo ezimbi ze-Cumberland, uma unqume ukuqala ukukhula ngalolu hlobo oluthile, ke khetha kuphela izitshalo zasebusika eziqinilengoba banokubekezelelana okuncane kakhulu kwama-frost kunama-raspberries abomvu awaziwayo (nakuba i-Cumberland inenzuzo kakhulu ngezikhathi ezomile).
Kubalulekile! Ngenkathi yemvula kunezindlela eziphakeme zokushaya lezi zinhlobonhlobo nge-anthracnose, ngakho-ke izitshalo kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngezibonakaliso zalesi sifo. Lokhu kuzovumela isikhathi ukuqala ukwelashwa.
Kunezinhlobo zezici ezihlukanisa ama-raspberries amnyama kusukela ebomvu evamile, okuyinto ethinta kakhulu ukulima kwezihlukahlukene. Ikakhulukazi, umlimi kufanele awazi ukuthi:
- I-Cumberland ayikhiqizi amahlumela ezimpande;
- unomsoco omuhle wesomiso;
- amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo awancishiswa uma evuthiwe;
- kungaba ukumelana neqhwa ku -30 ° C;
- ama-raspberries abamnyama akakhulu kakhulu ukuhlushwa izifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane kunobunye obomvu;
- akadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile;
- Isihlahla se-Cumberland sinomthombo wezimpande ezinamandla.
Uyazi? Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-raspberry kanye nohlobo lwe-blackberry kusuka ku-amberberries ukuthi lezo zithelo ezivuthiwe zisuswa kalula kulesi sitshalo.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Ngokusekelwe kwencazelo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeCumberland, kungashiwo ukuthi ukunakekela ama-raspberries amnyama akufanele kube nzima kakhulu, okusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukukhula ngisho nangabalimi "abavila".
Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile (ukumelana okukhulu nezilokazane nezifo, ubuningi bezithelo nokunamathela kwazo okuhle, ukuntuleka kokukhula kwezimpande kanye nesidingo sokukhosela ebusika), kukhona ukungalungi okufanelekile ukunakekelwa. Isibonelo:
- amathambo amajikijolo anesibindi futhi akhulu kunalawo okusajingijolo avamile;
- kunezinhlayiya eziningi kakhulu emahlumela, okuvame ukukhanda isikhumba lapho kuvuna, yingakho trellis adinga i-trellis yokuvuna okukhululekile: ngokubopha amahlumela kubo njenge fan, uzokwazi ukugwema ama-microtraumas kusuka emihlathini ebukhali;
- lezi zinhlobonhlobo zidinga i-garter edingekayo yamagatsha, ngoba uma kungenjalo amahlumela ayoba yinde kakhulu, ukuphela kwawo kuzowela phansi futhi kukhule noma kuphi.
Ngokucacile, i-Cumberland okusajingijolo inomlimi wokulima, kodwa ukwazi zonke izinhlayiya ezingenhla futhi ukugcina izidingo ezingenhla, ngokuqinisekile uzothola isivuno esivulekile.
Isikhathi nokukhethwa kwendawo yokutshala izithombo zokusajingijolo izithombo
Njengoba sesanda kuphawula, okusajingijolo okumnyama kuyadedelwa ekunakekeleni. Iyakwazi ukukhula cishe noma yikuphi, ngezinga eliphezulu lokusinda.
Kodwa-ke, abalimi abanolwazi bayazi kahle ukuthi iyiphi indawo efana nesihlahla esizokwazi ukuletha isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma utshalwa i-Cumberland raspberries, evame ukuvuthwa ngo-Agasti, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi isikhathi sokukhula siqala ekuqaleni, okusho ukuthi kungcono ukutshala ekwindla ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala. Nakuba lokhu kunconywa kufaneleka kakhulu ezifundeni ezingenawo ubusika obukhulu kakhulu, njengoba isitshalo esincane singase singasinda kubandayo.
Ngaphandle kwendawo kanye nesikhathi sokutshala, kufanelekile ukucabangela omakhelwane kanye nabanduleli be-okusajingijolo endaweni ekhethiwe. Umakhelwane onenzuzo kakhulu wezinhlobo zeCumberland kubhekwa njengophesiloli obomvu, nakuba kukhona "isihlobo" esiseduze - i-blackberry - i-raspberry emnyama ayikwazi "ukuhambisana". Ngokuqondene nezitshalo ezandulele ngaphambili, akuyona into engathandeki kakhulu ukutshala ezihlukahlukene emva kwezitshalo ezinomsoco: utamatisi, ama-eggplant, amazambane. Kuyafaneleka ukugwema lezo zindawo lapho isifo esinjalo sofungal, njenge-verticillary wilting, sesivele sibonwe.
Imithetho yokutshala ama-black raspberries ahlinzekela ukuhambisana nezidingo zebanga phakathi kwehlathi. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi ungabalimi futhi eduze komunye nomunye, naphezu kokuthi bangabumba amahlumela. Lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukuphakama komhlaba kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ezihlobene (ikakhulu izifo ze-fungal).
Kubalulekile! Ibanga elihle phakathi kwezitshalo lingama-80 cm, futhi phakathi kwemigqa yehlathi kukhona cishe ngamamitha amabili. Ukuhambisana nale mfuneko kuzokwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa nokusiza ukulawula indawo yamagatsha (akufanele bahlangane nomhlabathi).
Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, akunakwenzeka ukuba ungacabangi izinga lomhlabathi esakhiweni esikhethiwe ezihlahleni zeCumberland ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi evundile i-loamy ilula futhi iqukethe inani eliphelele lamaminerali nezakhi ezizosiza ekutholeni izithelo ezinhle. Futhi kuyadingeka ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi akukho ukuqhuma komswakama okubonakalayo emhlabathini owodwa, futhi kugcina ukushisa okudingekayo ngokufudumele yizitshalo ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuqinisekisa ukugeleza komoya.
Inqubo yokuhambisa isinyathelo
Ukusajingijolo "I-Cumberland" ibhekwa isivuno esiphezulu, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokutshala okufanele nokunakekelwa okulandelayo. Inqubo yokutshala isitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula kanje:
- for izithombo ukumba imigodi kuya ejulile 50 cm;
- bagcwalise nge humus bese wengeza izinkuni ash;
- Izithombo zokusajingijolo zifakwe emigodini futhi zihlanganiswe kancane nomhlabathi ngaphambilini oxutshwe nama-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi;
- Ama-raspberries atshalwe athululeka kakhulu, emva kwalokho umhlaba ngaphansi kwehlathi uzoncibilikisa nge-peat, utshani oqoshiwe noma umquba obolile (uhlaka lwe-mulch kufanele libe ngu-7 cm).
Kubalulekile! Njengoba i-Cumberland okusajingijolo ezihlukahlukene zikhula zikhula kakhulu futhi ziguquguquke, ngonyaka olandelayo ngemva kokutshala, iziqu zayo kufanele ziboshwe kwi-trellis efakwe. Kungcono ukukhetha indlela yokuxuba, ukuze kube lula ukukhetha amajikijolo.
Amahlumela afinyelelekile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside ama-blackberry okusajingijolo asetshenziselwa ukuklama izakhiwo zensimu, njengoba afaneleka ukudala izibalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nemigodi.
Amathiphu wokunakekela ama-raspberries amnyama "Cumberland"
Ngokungafani nesitshalo esibomvu sesitshalo esibomvu, okusajingijolo okumnyama akufaki amahlumela, okusho ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukunakekela (okungenani akudingeki ukuba ulungise kahle entwasahlobo, ususe kuphela amagatsha aqhwaqwe amaqhwa).
Kodwa-ke, ukuqoqa isivuno esihle samajikijolo amakhulu ama-purple amaningi, kusadingeka ukuba ulandele imithetho embalwa.
Uyazi? Ngokunakekelwa okufanele (ukuhambisana nombuso wokunisela, ukudla nokusika) ngesinye isihlahla ungathatha ama-7 kg amajikijolo. Amahlathi e-Cumberland afinyelela ukuvuthwa okuphezulu kakhulu ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.
Ubuningi bokunisela
I-Chokeberry ayidingi ukuchelela okuningi ngisho nasebusweni behlobo, lapho kungabhekana khona kalula. Kodwa-ke, ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa nokuvuthwa kwezithelo emagatsheni (eduze kwasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi), umswakama udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, ngakho-ke phakathi nalesi sikhathi akufanele uncike ekumeni kwesomiso kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene futhi kungcono ukugcwalisa izihlahla ngenani elanele lemanzi.
Esinye isihlahla sidinga ukuchitha okungenani ama-5 amalitha amanzi nsuku zonke (isilinganiso esivamile sokwamukelwa kwamanzi ngesitshalo yi-3-5 amalitha amanzi kabili ngesonto). Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzoba namajikijolo amaningi, futhi wona ngokwawo azokwazi ukuhluka ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ngokuqondene nohlobo lokunisela, okuthandayo kufanele kunikezwe ukuhluka okunamandla, ngoba yilokho okuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene okuthandayo.
Ukuphatha nokugqoka nini futhi kanjani
Ukondla okwesikhashana i-Cumberland raspberries kuyimfuneko yokuvuna okukhulu. Kwanele ukwenza le nqubo kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye: ngesikhathi sokuvuna (ekuqaleni kukaJuni), ekuqaleni kokubunjwa kwama-ovari (cishe ngasekupheleni kukaJuni), ngemuva kokuqoqa ingxenye yokuqala yesitshalo. Kunoma yiliphi lalezi zimo, umquba uhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 6 ufaneleke ngokuphelele indima yomanyolo (uma usebenzisa umquba wezinkukhu, isilinganiso sizohluka - 1:15). Isihlahla esisodwa sizodinga amalitha ayi-10 enhlanganisela enjalo, emva kokusebenzisa umquba omhlabathi okuzungezile kumele uchithe amanzi amaningi (amalitha amahlanu).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yobuningi bama-ovari, ama-raspberries adinga ukudla ngokusetshenziswa kwe-mullein ukumnika okuxutshwe ne-superphosphate (50 g) nomlotha (1 l). Umanyolo uphinde wenziwe ngemuva kokuchithwa kwezimbali, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo nangemva kokuvuna kokuqala.
Ungondla ngokusetshenziswa kwamaminerali e-nitrogen amaminerali. Banikeza izitshalo ezinhle zokukhula nezitshalo.
UGarter raspberries on the trellis
Uma ukhula nge-chokeberry raspberries, i-trellis iyinhlangano ebaluleke kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umlimi wensimu, ngenxa yokuthi ukukhula kwayo kuqondiswa ngendlela efanele kanye nokwenza ushintsho olwengeziwe uma kudingeka.
Kungenzeka ukufaka i-trellis masinyane emva kokutshala kwezihlahla (ekuqaleni nasekugcineni komugqa), ngokubamba izingodo zomuthi noma zensimbi emaphethelweni emibhede. Phakathi kwabo balula iwele noma ucingo emazingeni amathathu: owokuqala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-0.5 ngaphezulu komhlaba, owesibili - 1.3 m ngaphezu komhlaba, kanti imitha yesithathu - 1.6 ngaphezu kwenhlabathi.
I-trellis izoqala ukusebenza kwayo ngokuqondile ngonyaka wesibili ngemva kokufakwa. Njengokunye, ungalungisa izihlahla eziseduze (uma nje izitshalo zitshalwe eduze kwazo), kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi kulokhu, ama-raspberries azokhula ngokushesha, lapho ngaphansi kwesisindo sabo sizoqala ukugxila emhlabathini bese sikhuphula amahlumela amasha. Ngenxa yalokho, isihlahla sizobukeka singasondeli.
I-Black Raspberry Trim
Ngaphezu kokunisela nokufaka umanyolo, abalimi bavame ukukhathazeka ngokuthi bangabamba kanjani ama-raspberries abamnyama, ngoba ukuwugcina unempilo, hhayi ukuba ukhule ngendlela engafanele futhi ulethe ukuvunwa okucebile, le nqubo iyadingeka nakanjani. Kubalulekile ukwenza izihlahla ezimbili eziyinhloko ngonyaka: ehlobo (ekupheleni kukaJuni) nasekupheleni, ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-snap ebandayo.
Esikhathini sehlobo, inqubo yenziwa ukuze kwandiswe isivuno. Ngokunciphisa ihlumela endaweni yokukhula, ngonyaka ozayo kusuka kule ndawo uzothola amahlumela amancane, udale uhlobo lwe fan. Kuzo ukuthi amahlumela amancane ayoba izithelo ezinhle. Uma isikhathi sokuqhakaza siphela (ikakhulukazi ekupheleni kukaJuni), udinga ukukhetha amahlumela afinyelele ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili bese uphonsa iziqongo zawo (kufika ku-30 cm), okuzosiza ohlangothini oluthile ukuba lube namandla.
Kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba kuze kube sekupheleni kwesigamu sokuqala sango-Okthoba, kwenziwa izihlahla ezigcwele zemifino eneminyaka emibili, kushiya kuphela uneminyaka eyodwa kuphela ukuba ikhule (ingahle ishiywe ku-50 cm). Ngokuvamile, ukusika izikwindla kubhekwa njengenqubo enhlanzekile kakhulu, ngokunquma amagatsha omile namadala (lapho sekufika intwasahlobo, inqubo yokusika izihlahla iphinda iphindwe: ukukhula okunamandla okunciphisa kunciphisa, kushiywe amaqabunga amabili kuya kwesithupha ngamunye). Kuyasiza ukulungisa isihlahla isikhathi sokubusika.
Ngaphandle kwamahlumela ahlumayo, ekwindla kusukela esihlahleni ngasinye, amagatsha aphukile, abuthakathaka nabangenayo inkathazo asuswe, kanti kuphela amahlumela aqinile aneminyaka engu-5-8 kuphela ahlala, okumele ahlanganiswe nenkxaso (trellis).
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Kunezindlela eziningana ongayilungiselela ama-raspberries amnyama ngokufika kwebusika, futhi ukukhetha ukhetho oluthile kuncike kakhulu ezimweni zezulu zesifunda esithile. Isibonelo, kunikezwe ukuthi ama-raspberries e-Cumberland ahlukaniswa nezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lobunzima bebusika futhi ngaphansi kwesimo sehlobo lokushisa okungafani, ungakwazi nje ukuhamba ezihlahleni eziboshelwe ku-trellisngokunamathisela ngokuphepha kuyo yonke indlela yokubalekela. Ngakho-ke, umoya noma iqhwa lingalimaza izihlahla.
Uma kubusika eside futhi kubanda kubhekwa, khona-ke izihlahla zikwazi ukugoba ngobumnene phansi (hhayi phansi kakhulu) futhi kule ndawo ukulungisa amagatsha. Iqhwa elizogcina limboze lesi sitshalo lizoligcina lisuka ku-frost. Lapho kufika ukushisa kokuqala, ama-raspberries aphakanyiswa futhi ahlanganiswe ne-trellis, ngemva kokusika amahlumela amancane nokugula.
Ukuqaphela zonke izincomo ezingenhla, okusajingijolo okumnyama kuzothatha kalula indawo esendaweni yakho futhi kuzokujabulela ukuvuna kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi esifanele ukugcwalisa zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical, ukunakekela isitshalo ngeke kukulethe noma iyiphi inkinga.
