Njengomthetho, abantu abanokungabaza ukuthi isithombo sebhitrudi ishukela kuphela yinto ebonakalayo yokucubungula izimboni, futhi kuphela amabhizinisi agribusiness noma amapulazi ahlanganyela ekutshalweni kwawo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ubuchwepheshe bokutshala isithombo sebhitrudi soshukela bukhona ngempela emibhedeni engadini ejwayele umnikazi ngamunye wesakhiwo esincane sezwe.
Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar: incazelo
I-beet ye-Sugar yi-subspecies ye-beet evamile ye-beet. Umphumela wonyaka wokuqala wokuphila walesi sitshalo esineminyaka emibili ubudala isitshalo semifino emhlophe esenwe ngobude futhi sakhiwe amahlamvu e-rosette. Emapulazini amancane, ama-beet anjalo akhulekile ekukhiqizeni ushukela, kodwa asetshenziselwa ukupheka ekhaya, njengokudla kwemfuyo nezinkukhu, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-agent yokwelapha ephakanyiswa yimithi yendabuko. 
Ukuba khona kwe-beet izimpande zemifino, ngaphezu kwe-sucrose, futhi nesisindo esikhulu sezakhi (amavithamini B, C kanye nePP, i-magnesium, iodini, insimbi nezinye izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali kanye nezinye izinto) zenze imiphumela yabo emihle emzimbeni womuntu, kuhlanganise nezifo ezihlukahlukene.
Kubalulekile! Ukusetshenziswa kwe-beet isithombo sebhitrudi kunqatshelwe iziguli ezine-diabetes.
Ukukhethwa kwenhlabathi yokwandisa isithombo sebhitrudi
Izinyosi ze-Sugar zikhula ngempumelelo kakhulu izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhanyayo ze-acid-neutralUkuba nomoya omuhle kanye nomswakama ukufaneleka. Indlela engcono kakhulu i-chernozem. Ama-peatlands ahlwanyelwe ahlwanyelwe kanye ne-sierozems nazo zizokhululeka kakhulu kwizinyosi ze-sugar beet.
Esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulima okulula nezivuno ezizayo eziphezulu ze-beet ishukela iyatholakala ekujuleni I-0.6-0.8 imitha engaphansi kwezingxenye zokugcina amanzi - isendlalelo esiseduze nesitshalo esikhulayo sezitshalo sizodala izimo zokwakheka kokubola, futhi ukwehla ngaphansi kwezinga elibekiwe kuzokwehlisa ukukhula kwengxenye engaphansi komhlaba.
Uyazi? Isisindo sesithombo sebhitrudi esiphezulu esakhula eSomerset ngo-2001 sasingu-23.4 kg.
Abaqhamuka beet beet in the rotation
Awukwazi ukutshala isithombo sebhitrudi kusayithi emva kwezinhlobo ezifanayo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi, kanye ne-chard, isipinashi, i-rapeseed, ukudlwengula, ikhamina, isardard, i-rutabagas ye-forage, iklabishi ne-kohlrabi, ekugcineni, ngemuva kwe-turnip, isithombo kanye nesithombo, iklabishi nemifino. Lokhu kubangelwa ingozi enkulu yezinambuzane ezifanayo.
Futhi lapha izandulela phambili ze-sugar beet kukhona ukolweni wasebusika nebhali. Uma amazambane akhulile kusayithi ahlulwe ngempumelelo ukhula (anezinyosi ezivamile), leli zwe lifanelekile ukutshala isithombo sebhitrudi. Kubanikazi bama-dachas nezindawo ezincane, lolu khetho luyakuthanda kakhulu, ngoba okusanhlamvu okubusika akukhulumi nakancane ngamahektare amaningi.
I-autumn kanye ne-spring tillage
I-beet yezolimo yezolimo ihlanganisa ukuqala kokulungiselela imibhede ekwindla. Yilapho ukumba kuqala kuqala. Entwasahlobo, indawo iyafakwa njengendlela yokuqapha ukuze kugweme ukunyuka kwamanzi futhi kube nokusabalalisa emhlabathini.
Umanyolo wezinyosi
Ngaphansi kwekwindla ukumba umhlabathi ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi kumele kusetshenziswe, kanye ne-solid kg (35 kg ngekhulu) yokufaka umanyolo, umanyolo we-potash-phosphate (2 kg / sotka). Ngesikhathi esifanayo noma cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa ukwethula izinto ezithwala izitrogen (0.9-1.0 kg / sotka). Ngokusetshenziswa komanyolo we-nitrogen wezinyosi kudingeka uqaphele, ngoba i-nitrogen inendawo yokuqongelela okusheshayo ezimpandeni. Nokho, emva kokutshala, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-nitrogen umanyolo ngesilinganiso sika-1.25 g ilitha ngalinye lamanzi lokunisela.
Ngokuqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela, i-superphosphate ene-granulated (200 g / sotka) yengezwa enhlabathini, i-4 cm ejulile kunezinhlamvu. Uma izimpande zithole izithelo eziningi, izithako ezinjalo ezenziwe kakade zizosekela ngempumelelo le nqubo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-foliar ne-foliar, ingxube ye-carbamide-ammonia (1.5 l / sotka) isetshenziselwa njalo ngenyanga, iphelelisa ukudla okungamasonto amathathu ngaphambi komhla wokuvuna ohleliwe.
Ukukhethwa kwezinhlobo ze-beet
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-beet ishukela zingahle zihlukaniswe ngokusho kokushukela kwazo. Ngokwale nkomba, kunalokho kunengqondo (akukho ukuxhomekeka ngokweqile kokuphakathi kwesitshalo nokuqukethwe kweshukela) kwahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu.
| Igama lezinhlobonhlobo | Okuqukethwe okushukela,% | I-Degree of isivuno |
| Ukuthela | kuze kufike ku-16.5 | Phezulu |
| Ukunikezela okushukela | kuze kufike ku-18.5 | Isilinganiso |
| Ushukela | kufika ku-20.5 | Okuphansi |
Kubalulekile! Uma uthenga imbewu, qaphela ukuthi usayizi wabo awukho ngaphansi kuka 3.5 cm, kungenjalo ubungozi obungashiywa ngaphandle kwesitshalo.
Okudume kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abathintekayo kulezi zitshalo yizinto ezilandelayo izinhlobo nezinhlamvukokuba nezinkomba ezinhle zekhwalithi, okokuqala, yiziphi izinyosi eziningi ezingatholakala ku-1 hektare:- Izinhlobo ze-beet izinhloboBoheme"unikeza izimpande izitshalo ezihle kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-19%) kokuqukethwe ushukela kanye nesisindo esilinganisiwe esingu-2 kg emvunweni we-300 kg / ha (ama-3 cent of each from the weave). Isikhathi sokuvuthwa saseBohemia singama-80. Ukungavikeleki kokubola kunika ithemba lokugcina isikhathi eside.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi zezinyosi "Bona"isisindo esingaphezu kuka-0.3 kg, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza okwesitshalo esincane (100 kg / ha). Okuqukethwe ushukela kudlulele ku-12%, kodwa lokhu kuhluka ngokushesha (izinsuku ezingu-84) kuvuthwe futhi kunomthelela okwandayo kwesomiso, okuyinto engavamile for beet izinhlobo.
- I-hybrid yaseJalimane ibonisa isivuno esihle kakhuluI-Araxia"- 800 kg / ha enokudla okuyishukela okuyi-16.4%. Ukukhishwa okunjalo kufinyelelwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izimpande zawo zingenasici.
- Iphinde ibonise ukumelana nokungabi nalutho futhi isizwe saseJalimane "Bigben", okuyinto, enesisindo esingu-720 c / ha, iyakwazi ukumangala ngokuqukethwe ushukela okungaphezu kuka-17.5%.
Uyazi? Abahlengikazi bendabuko batusa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwesithombo sebhitrudi esifisa ukuvuselela umzimba.
Ukuhlwanyela beet
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yesithombo sebhitrudi entwasahlobo. Inkomba yesikhathi esibucayi ukuphumelela kokushisa komhlabathi ka-6-8 degrees Celsius ngokujula kwe-5 cm. Uma imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela amahora ambalwa igcobe isisombululo sezinkuni, ushukela wezinyosi uzonyuka ngokushesha kakhulu.
Ukujula kwezindawo zokutshala kusuka ku-2-4 cm, kuye ngokuthi ububanzi bomhlabathi bube bunjani, ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa kungu-45 cm. Inqubo yokuhlwanyela ngokwayo ingenziwa ngendlela yokugcwalisa umhubhe olungiselelwe ngaphambili owenziwe umhlabathi omncane kanye nenhlanganisela yembewu (isisindo se-10 kg ngesihlabathi ngasinye sembewu engu-1000). Ngemuva kokufika phezu kwendawo egcweleyo, isimo se-ridge sibuyiselwe.
Njengoba izithombo zivela futhi zikhula, ukuncibilika kokubili okulandelanayo kwenziwa: owokuqala u-5-6 cm, owesibili u-15-18 cm. I-beet ekhulayo ithanda umswakama nenhlabathi evulekile. Ukuchelela kokuqala okunamandla kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ukuphuza okuqhubekayo kubonakala kahle ngokucacile yisitshalo uma kwenziwa ngokufafaza.
Ukuvikela ukhula
Ngaphansi kwezimo zasendlini, ukusikwa okuvamile kuyasetshenziswa kakhulu njengendlela yokulawulwa kokhula, okuyinto, njengendlela yokulima amazambane, inzima futhi idla isikhathi. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuzohlinzeka ithuba lokugwema ukusetshenziswa kokubulala ukhula.
Uma ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yamakhemikhali yokuvikelwa kuthathwa njengento edingekayo noma edingekayo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kokuvela (kuphela isikhathi sokukhula) ukwethulwa kwamalungiselelo okubulala ukhula ngokusekelwe ku-fen and desmedipham. Inqubo yesicelo iyenzeka kuphela ekuseni noma kusihlwa, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya elisemhlabathini lingama-15-25 degrees. Isibikezelo sezulu kumele sicatshangelwe ukuze imvula yemvelo ingenzeki ngaphambi kwamahora angu-6 emva kokuphalaza.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Isithombo sebhitrudi seshukela siyagula kaningi brown noma rot lateobangelwa amafungus. Ukulwa nalo, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinambuzane, phakathi kwazo okuziwa kakhulu yi-beet aphid kanye ne-beet nematode, ngesikhathi sokukhula zisebenzisa ukusetshenziswa okunye (ukuphalaza nokuchelela) kwe-Fitosporin fungicide ne-Fitoterm intecicide - amalungiselelo ahlanzekile okuphilayo angangcolisi umhlaba akakwazi ukuqoqa ezitshalweni hhayi ukunciphisa isivuno. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- "Fitosporin" isetshenziselwa ukulimala kanye nomquba, lapho benza inhlabathi engaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Ukuvuna
Ungaqala ukuvuna ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Lapho izinyosi beetrovini zivunwa, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kubhalwa ekusingatheni ngokucophelela imifino ehlongozwe kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho imifino enamandla kakhulu. Umonakalo wabo wanciphisa kakhulu impilo yeshelufu.
Ukuze isitoreji ngokwayo, izinga lokushisa elikhulu liyi + 1 ... +3 ° C. Kodwa ungasebenzisa izimo zemvelo, ugcine ama-beet ushukela esimweni esiqhwa. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungenzeka kuphela esimweni sezulu esinzima, ngoba izinga lokushisa lizobe lihle kakhulu -14 ... -16 ° С, futhi ukwanda kwalo ngaphezu kwe -7 ° С kungase kube yingozi ngenxa yezici zekhwalithi.
Uma kungekho ekamelweni elingasetshenziswa njengesitolo semifino, ushukela wezinyosi zigcinwa emigodini noma emithonjeni yendabuko, ehlanganiswa ngokucophelela ngezinto zokuqapha (utshani, i-sawdust noma i-snow-tamped snow). 
Isithombo sebhitrudi se-Sugar siyoba kuhle futhi siwusizo ezinhlobonhlobo zamaladi. Ekuphekeni okuzenzela, angakwazi ukufaka kalula ushukela. I-seasoned ne-sweet beet izingcezu zondla ingxube njengemfuyo. Izinkukhu ziyisisindo esisheshayo, zinezela lokudla okunomsoco ngesimo se-beet, ngakho-ke, ifakwe efomini elibiziwe ekutshaleni okusanhlamvu. Ngokuhlanganiswa nezakhiwo zokwelapha, zonke lezi zinzuzo ezingaphezu kokukhokhela imizamo esetshenziselwa ukutshala isithombo sebhitrudi.
