Isitshalo esithandekayo - i-koleriya, ihlala cishe kuyo yonke indlu. Ngathandana nabatshali bezimbali ngokubukeka kwabo okumangazayo nokungazinaki ekunakekelweni.
Mayelana nomlando wokubukeka
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-koleriya ikhula ezimweni zemvelo endaweni yaseMelika, nokho izinhlobo zayo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zasakazeka zivela eSwitzerland. I-Indoor flower kaleria (kaleria) iqanjwe ngoMichel Kohler, usosayensi waseZurich owayephila ngekhulu le-19.
Ezinye zezinhlobo ezathola ukuthandwa zalethwa kulelizwekazi zivela eMexico. Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid manje esezitshalwe yonke indawo ziye zavinjwa abafuyi baseYurophu. Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo umugqa weFlashdance, owavinjelwa abafuyi baseSweden ngo-2001.
Koleria
Iqhuma nini futhi kanjani
Izimbali ezinhle nezintekentayo zesitshalo zijabulisa umnikazi ngamunye ngezimbali zazo ezinde. Ukuma okungajwayelekile kwehlumela kuthinta ukubukeka.
Uhlobo lwezimbali
Ishubhu eliphakeme lihlotshiswe ngama-5 petals. Kukhumbuza insimbi.
Iwusizo! Izitshalo ezincane eminyakeni yokuqala ziphonsa imbali eyodwa kusuka ku-peduncle, eminyakeni elandelayo - kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 efihlekile.
Qhakaza
Isimo sezimbali
Izimbali ziyindilinga, ziqonde kancane. Kwezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobo, ihlumela lingahle lidlule kunakwezinye.
Izimbali eziqhakazayo
Isikhathi sezimbali
Izimbali eziqhakaza kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ziyaqhakaza kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokukhanya okwanele, isikhathi sezimbali singaba izinyanga eziyishumi kuya kweziyi-12.
Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile nezinhlobonhlobo
Isitshalo se-herbaceous esinamaqabunga e-pubescent nezimbali ezimise okwensimbi kungokomndeni wakwaGesneria. IMelika ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwale mbali engajwayelekile, okuyizindawo zayo ezishisayo.
Iwusizo! Amacembe aphakathi nendawo, ukusuka ku-12 kuye ku-16 cm ubude nama-8-10 cm ububanzi, anokuqina okusobala ebusweni bawo bonke ipuleti. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, zingaba nezithunzi ezahlukahlukene: kusuka kokumnyama okuluhlaza okotshani kuya ku-olive yeminqumo ngama-veins nama-villi ahlukene ngethoni. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hybrid ezalwe emashumini ambalwa edlule zingaba namathoni esiliva nawethusi.
Abamele abaziwayo:
1 UColeria waseBogotá. Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukukhula size sibe ngama-60 cm amade. Uthanda ukukhula kumhlabathi eduze nasemahlathini, noma ngenani elikhulu lamatshe abekwe embizeni. Ubude beshidi buba isilinganiso - kufika ku-10 cm. Ipuleti linetoni eluhlaza egcwele, umphetho wayo unamamaki amancane. Izimbali zibomvu ngokuphuzi ngamachashazi akhanyayo.
- I-colony fluffy-flowered (ibizwa nangokuthi yi-pubescent-flowered) yafika ekuzuzeni uthando lwabalimi abaningi, hhayi nje kuphela ngombala wayo othokozisayo, kodwa futhi ne-pubescence, engagcini nje ngamaqabunga kuphela, kodwa nezimbali uqobo lwazo. Amaqabunga mancane, angama-7 cm kuphela ubude. Luhlaza ngombala onqenqemeni onqenqemeni. Izimbali zifana nezinsimbi, zinezithoni ezibomvu ze-orange noma ezijulile. Ngaphakathi, aphuzi ngamachashazi akhanyayo.
- Coleria Linden. I-shrub encane, ifinyelela ku-30 cm. Isiqu siqonde futhi singalawulwa. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ngezinwele ezincane zetoni emhlophe. Ipuleti lamaqabunga lincane, lincane. Amacembe apendwe aluhlaza okotshani, akhanya phezulu ngaphezulu kunaphansi. Izimbali ezingenhla ziyi-lilac, ngaphakathi ziphuzi ngamabala ansundu.
- Coleria amabilis. Amaqabunga anwebekile ngesimo, ubude be-10 cm.Amapulethi aluhlaza ngokuphelele, anemifantu yoni elinsundu noma yesiliva. I-buds ngesimo samashubhu ibomvu ngamachashazi amnyama onsomi ngaphezulu futhi ukukhanya okuphuzi ngaphakathi.
- Coleria bibbi. Le mbali iyahluka kwamanye amalungu omndeni yiqhubu eliphakeme ngendlela yeshubhu. Ngaphandle, umbala ubomvu, kanti ngaphakathi umbala wawo uluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Ngaphezulu kwembali kukhona i-villi encane yethinti eliluhlaza okotshani. Ngenxa yombala wembali, uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ubomvu. Iqabunga leqabunga liluhlaza nge-brownish vein.
- Feather yesiliva yaseKoleria. Imbali enhle enamahlamvu esiliva pearl. Izimbali ezincane zingolintshi noma ziphuzi, zinama-pubescence namachashazi abomvu amancane.
- Coleria ampallang (okwandisa). Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezinkulu zamathoni apinki athambile ngaphezulu, ngaphakathi - ukukhanya ngamachashazi e-burgundy. Amaqabunga mancane, anemithambo ekhanyayo.
- UColeria Lucky Lucifer. Okuhlukahlukene ngezimbali ezinkulu ze-pubescent. Amashubhu anombala obomvu opinki ngaphandle, ngaphakathi amhlophe, lawo makhonkolo afanayo anezinhlamvu ezi-pink. Ngokuya ngokukhanya, zingahle ziphuzi kancane. Amaqabunga aphakathi ngosayizi, aluhlaza okotshweni, anokubukeka okuncane namazinyo amancane.
Koleriya Lucky Lucifer
- Coleria Manchu. Isihlahla esihle se-pubescent esine-pink-orange ithoni yezimbali. Ngaphakathi kwentamo kukhona i-pinkish-yellow hue. Ungaqhakaza unyaka wonke.
- Coleria Rongo. I-Purple bud nge-burgundy splash. Amaqabunga amathoni omnqumo anemithambo ekhanyayo.
- Coleria Ilanga. Inama-buds apinki anama-petals wethoni elimnyama. Emuva kwalembali kukhona amachashazi e-burgundy. Amaqabunga aluhlaza satjani.
- Coleria Birka. Ama-buds abomvu e-orange ngaphandle, ngaphakathi - amhlophe ngocezu obomvu. Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, anemisipha ekhanyayo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibala
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
Ukunakekela imbali ye-kohleria kulula impela, ngoba azithobeki ezimweni ezikhulayo. Ukuze isitshalo sithokozise izimbali ezinde, kubalulekile ukunaka eminye imiqondo yokunakekelwa.
Ukushisa
Ehlobo, kuma-colorteries, izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lingama-25 degrees, ebusika - lisuka ku-13 liye ku-16. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, kuyadingeka ukungena egumbini lapho isitshalo sikhona, ungaphinde usihlelele kude nefasitela.
Isibani
I-Koleria ithanda ukukhula endaweni efasiteleni elisempumalanga noma entshonalanga. Ilungele imbali ukukhanya kwelanga. Uma lesi sitshalo sisefasiteleni eliseningizimu, kufanele sibilishwe ukuze i-colaria ingatholi ukusha.
Ukunisela
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukunisela imbali ngamanzi emvula. Sebenzisa amanzi ompompi, kufanele uwanikeze isikhathi sokuma (cishe izinsuku ezingama-3-4). Ehlobo, ukuthambisa kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke, ngesikhathi sasebusika imvamisa yabo incishiswa ibe ngu-1 noma 2 ngesonto.
Ukufafaza
Akunakwenzeka ukufafaza izitshalo ze-pubescent, ngoba lokhu kuzolimaza ukubukeka kwazo, futhi kungadala nezifo eziningi.
Umswakama
Isitshalo sithanda umoya nomswakama omncane. Ebusika, ibekezelela ukuqina emoyeni kahle, kepha okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga kuyadingeka ukuwuthambisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uthele amanzi epanini, kubekwe udaka olwandisiwe, kubekwe imbiza yezimbali phezulu.
Inhlabathi
Isendlalelo sesitshalo senziwe ngesisekelo somhlabathi we-peat (izingxenye ezi-2), amaqabunga ama-humus (1 ingxenye), i-turf (1 ingxenye) nesihlabathi (1 ingxenye) kufakwa kuso. Amapulangwe nobumba olwandisiwe asetshenziswa njengamanzi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Kufanele ukondle imibala njalo ngenyanga ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi onama-microelements. Izingxube ezenziwe ngomumo zingathengwa esitolo sezitshalo zezimbali.
Ebusika (ekuphumuleni)
Njengezinye izitshalo, le mbali idinga ukuphumula. Unganquma isikhathi sokuphumula ngokunquma ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga: ziqala ukoma bese ziwa. Ngaphambi kokuthumela ekuphumuleni emasimini, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izingxenye ezomile, kanye namahlumela. Imbiza yezimbali ithuthela egumbini elipholile lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa lisuka ku-13 liye ku-16 degrees. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngalesi sikhathi akwenziwa, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube okungenani - isikhathi esiphezulu se-1 ngeviki, noma ngisho nangaphansi, kuya ngesivinini sokomisa ukoma.
Ikoleriya izala kanjani
Thola izihlahla ezintsha zembali yakho oyithandayo ngezindlela eziningi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezimpande ezingxenyeni eziningana kuyindlela evamile kakhulu ye-kolerii. Ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa ekhaya kuyinqubo elula, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile kuphela.
Ukuzala
Ukuhlukaniswa kweRhizome
Kuthathwa ishubhu bese lisikwa ngommese libe izingxenye ezingama-2-4 (kuya ngosayizi we-rhizome). Ucezu ngalunye lubekwa esitsheni esihlukile nge-substrate. Ngemuva kokutshala, ama-rhizomes ayaniselwa kuze kuvele amahlumela amasha.
Isiqu se-apical
Ukuphunyuka kunqunywa esitshalweni sikamama bese kufakwa emgqonyeni wamanzi. Kwisonto elilodwa noma amabili, izimpande zokuqala zizovela. Kuyadingeka ukulinda kuze kwakheke umgogodla omuhle, ngemuva kwalokho ongatshalwa ebhodweni.
Umsuka weqabunga
Ukuzala kabusha ngamahlamvu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo neziqu. Kunqunywe iqabunga elinesiqu. Ngemuva kwalokho isiqu esinamaqabunga sibekwa esitsheni samanzi kuze kube ukwakhiwa kwezimpande.
Ukutshala imbewu
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa entwasahlobo (ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) kugceke lw Peat nesihlabathi. Ingaphezulu lengxube yenhlabathi inomswakama. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Ibekwe egumbini elifudumele kuze kuvele amahlumela okuqala.
Ukufakelwa ngemuva kokuthenga kanye nohlelo lokuzala
Ngemuva kokuthenga, udinga ukushintsha i-substrate ne-pot. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, wonke ama-buds kanye nangaphansi kwamaqabunga kufanele kususwe. Kuhle ukufeza ukuthengwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo sonyaka, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siphenduka kangcono kokufakelwa, ikakhulukazi ngoba kufanele kusheshe kushiye isikhathi sonyaka owomile.
Ukufakelwa kweKoleria
Izinkinga ezingaba khona kumakholoni akhulayo
Ukunakekelwa okungasebenzi kahle kungadala izinkinga ngokulinyelwa. Uma uphendula ngesikhathi izimbali ezimbala, zingabuyiselwa.
Nakekela uhlelo lombala
Izinkinga ze-Leaf
Isitshalo singathola ukufa nokubola kwamaqabunga. Lokhu kungaba ngumphumela wenqubo yemvelo eyenzeka ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokudumba noma lapho isitshalo sivuselelwa.
Ungahlola futhi ushintsho kumbala wepuleti leshidi bese womisa lapho ukunakekelwa kungafanele:
- Okusalungiswa
- Ukufafaza ngeqabunga noma i-buds,
- Umswakama owengeziwe noma umanyolo.
Izifo ezivame ukwenzeka
Amaqabunga aphuzi noma ophuzi atjengisa ukuthi imbali ayikhanyi ngokwanele. Futhi, ekukhanyiseni okungekuhle, lesi sitshalo singelula kakhulu.
Emoyeni owomile kakhulu, iqabunga leqabunga liyabonakala. Ukuze lesi sitshalo silulame, bese kuvela amaqabunga amasha, kuyadingeka ukumanzisa umoya, kufafaze kude ikamelo esakhiweni.
Iseluleko! Ukubola kwempande noma isiqu kungakhombisa ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokushintsha u-substrate. Isitshalo kumele sihlolwe ngokususa izindawo ezonakele, bese sidluliselwa ebhodweni elisha, siguqule isakhi esingaphansi.
Amaphutha ekunakekelweni
I-Kaleria iyimbali, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kulula, kepha izenzo ezingalungile zingaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Abanye abalimi, bengayinaki impilo yezitshalo, bathela amanzi abandayo phezu kwabo. Lokhu kuholela ekuthini mnyama amaqabunga kanye namahlumela, uma imbali yezimbali nayo ikuhlaka, ukufa kwayo akunakugwenywa.
I-Coleria mayingaqhakaza ngemuva kwesikhathi esomile, noma ihlumela lingaqhakaza liwe. Le nkinga ivela ekutheni umanyolo ukhethwe ngokungafanele, noma waziswa ngobuningi. Umthetho oyinhloko enkulisa lapho ukondla “Kungcono ukudliwa kunokuphuzwa ngokweqile”.
Coleria Jester
Kunezinombolo eziningi kakhulu zemibala emihle yemibala abalimi abalithandayo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona amaRed (anama-buds abomvu), iBrimstone (enezimbali ezibomvu-okusajingijolo), uJester (kleriya ka-Dzhester's nge-raspberry-red buds). Ngokukhetha eyodwa noma eziningi zazo, ungakha ingadi encane yasebusika efulethini. Ukuthokozela ngokushesha ukuqhakaza okuhle kwe-koleriya, ukuhamba ekhaya kuzosiza ukukunweba izinyanga ezimbalwa.
