Amathiphu okuthi ungakhula kanjani u-anyanisi, ewusizo kwabalimi be-novice nabalimi, nakuba kungabathintekayo nabanikazi abanolwazi nabanolwazi. Anyanisi - imifino ebalulekile etafuleni lethu. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ezinye izitsha ngaphandle kwakhe.
Isetshenziswa esisha, esomisiwe, esetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-sauces, ama-pickle, ama-seasonings, ukulondolozwa. Ukunyuka anyanisi akulula, kodwa kudingeka ulandele zonke izinyathelo zokulungiselela futhi ukhethe indawo efanele ye-anyanisi, ucabange izitshalo zangaphambilini.
Uyazi? Igama elithi "anyanisi" livela ekufanisweni kwangaphandle kwe-anyanisi neminye yemifino. - i-turnip
U-anyanisi: incazelo nezinhlobo ezidumile
Anyanisi - imifino engapheli yomndeni we-anyanisi. Isithelo yi-anyanisi egcwele isikhumba esomile (i-husk). I-pulp - ifilimu enezingqimba eziqondile, ukunambitheka okuqondile okubukhali noma okunomsoco kanye nephunga lesici. Futhi i-husk kanye ne-pulp kuye ngokuthi izihlukahlukene zivela ngemibala ehlukene - ophuzi, isanti, i-amber, i-lilac, i-purple, i-gray-white, emhlophe. 
Uyazi? U-anyanisi njengesitshalo semifino kuye kwaziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4 000.Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu namuhla: I-Stardust, i-Rostovsky, i-Carmen, i-Kupido, i-Lugansky, i-Danilovsky, iMyachkovsky, i-Odintsovsky, i-Shetana, i-Strigunovsky, i-Bessonovsky, i-Hiberna, i-Centurion, i-Stuttgarter Rizen. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala futhi kamuva phakathi kwazo, futhi ngaphambi kokuba ukhule anyanisi, udinga ukunquma ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa kohlobo oluthile lwe-anyanisi.
Lapho ukutshala u-anyanisi: izidingo zomhlabathi nokukhanyisa
Ama-anyanisi adingeka ukuthi atshalwe emhlabathini omile, ophansi, ovulekile, ngaphandle kokuthunga izindawo ezivundile. Ama-anyanisi afana nomhlabathi we-loamy, ocebile ngezindaba eziphilayo. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe yi-acidi, i-pH yayo enhle kakhulu yi-6.5-7.8, ne-asidi ephezulu inhlabathi iyisiliva. Ukulinganisa njalo kuvele ekwindla (!), Futhi hhayi entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokutshala.
Abaqhamuzi abalungile nababi
Ukukhuphula i-turnii turnips kuzohamba kahle emva kwee-peas, ithanga, amazambane, utamatisi, iklabishi, ubhontshisi kanye ne-sideratov. Awukwazi ukutshala anyanisi ngemuva kwamaqathe, ukhukhamba, u-garlic no-anyanisi. Kodwa izaqathe kanye nelikagalikhi ezitshalwe eduze kuyoba usizo ekukhuleni - ezinye izinambuzane ze-anyanisi ziyesaba ngenxa yephunga lezinqunqwane zelrotro kanye negalikhi. 
Ukuzikhethela kokutshalwa anyanisi: isikhathi, ukulungiselela ukutshala impahla, uhlelo nokujula kokutshala
Isikhathi sokutshala u-anyanisi sincike kakhulu esimweni sezulu - singaqhubeka kuze kube phakathi kwehlobo, kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, ngisho nasekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kodwa ngokwesilinganiso, ukutshala u-anyanisi ku-turnip kusuka izithombo kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-75-90.
Ama-anyanisi atshalwe endaweni yokushisa kwenhlabathi engekho ngaphansi kuka-12 ... +13 ° С - lokhu cishe ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli. Ukutshala ekuqaleni noma phakathi no-Ephreli, isivuno singavuna ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Iphethini lokutshala ngokuvamile liyi-8 ngamasentimitha angu-20 noma ngo-10 ngamasentimitha angu-25, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi, imbewu kumele ilungiswe.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo wezolimo anyanisi ukuhlwanyela ngokuqondile
I-anyanisi i-anyanisi, okutshalwa kuyo okuvela emzalweni, kuhilela ukutshala nokunakekela imibhede ehluke ukusetha ama-anyanisi amasethi. Imbewu ye-bulb, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Chernushka, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela hlola ukuhluma. Ngoba lokhu thatha i-1 tsp. imbewu, i-moisten ngamanzi bese uyibopha emanzini, indwangu evulekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ihlolwe ukuthi ngabe amahlumela avele, uma kunjalo, imbewu iyasebenza. 
Uyazi? Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela i-chernushka yonyaka owodwa. Nakuba kukholelwa ukuthi imbewu ye-anyanisi igcina ukuhluma iminyaka emibili.Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-anyanisi: Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, i-chernushka iyashisa emaminithini angu-20-30 emanzini ekushiseni kwama-40-50 ° C, bese igxila emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3, futhi amanzi ashintshwe kanye ngosuku ukuze agweme ukuqhuma.
Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi aphelile, imbewu ihlelwe emgqeni owodwa phakathi kwamapetheni amabili aqoshiwe, amathawula amancane, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-2-3, lapho i-dabs ne-shakes iqala ukuhlwanyela. Hlwanyela emhlabathini owenziwe kahle ngaphambili kusengaphambili emithonjeni engaba yi-1-1.3 cm ejulile, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-1.5 cm, ebangeni lembewu kusuka komunye nomunye - 2 cm, bese ufafaze umhlaba futhi uhlanganise kancane.
Ngemuva kombhede, i-mulch (ne-humus, i-peat) iphinde ichithele ngokusuka emanzini okuphuza ngamanzi, futhi kusukela phezulu ihlanganiswe nefilimu, esuswa lapho kuvela amahlumela (izithombo) zokuqala. Njengoba amaqabunga amabili eqiniso ekhula futhi ebonakala anyanisi, ahlwanyela amaqabunga, eshiya ibanga elingabi ngaphezu kuka 2 cm phakathi kwezitshalo. Ukuqothula okulandelayo kwenziwa emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amane weqiniso - manje basuke ibanga lika 5-7 cm. 
Kubalulekile! Ukumisa okwesikhashana kufanele kulandelwe ngokuqinile. Ngokunciphisa isikhathi eside, isivuno siyobe singacacile.U-anyanisi omanzi ngenyanga yokuqala emva kokuhluma - kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-6-7. Ngemuva kokuphuza - kuvunyelwe ukugunyazwa.
Indlela yokukhulisa anyanisi ngokusebenzisa sevok
Ukunyuka anyanisi, udinga ukwazi ukuthi yini i-anyanisi amasethi. Lawa anyanisi amancane ngonyaka - 1.5-2 cm ububanzi, akhule kusuka imbewu-okusanhlamvu. I-Sevok isetshenziselwa ukutshala izithelo ezinkulu ngokulandelayo.
Ukuze uthole u-anyanisi wekhwalithi omuhle, kuqala ukhule isithombo, ukulima okungafezwa kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile (u-anyanisi utshalwe ebusika) nasekhaya - ezinzimbini ezincane efasiteleni.
Ama-agrotechnics we-anyanisi ukulima kusuka sevka: ngaphambi kokutshala, u-anyanisi uphelelwa izikhathi eziningana, ushiya noma iyiphi imishini yokushisa, kuze kufike ekushiseni kwe-20 ... +22 ° С, bese kufika ku-35 ... +40 ° С - igcina izinga lokushisa kwezinsuku ezingu-3-6. Noma amanzi ashisayo angekho ngaphezu kuka-45 ... +50 ° С kufanele agcwaliswe imizuzu engu-20-25, bese ususa anyanisi bese uthele emanzini aphuzile ngokushisa kwe-10 ... + 12 ° С, bese woma nge-napkin bese umile ekamelweni lokushisa. 
Kubalulekile! Umphumela wokushisa uyadingeka ama-bulb - ngenxa yalokhu, kungenzeka ukugwema ukwakheka kwemicibisholo emnsalo.Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala ukuvumelanisa imibhede. Uma umhlabathi owomile, uswakanyiswe kancane. Bese bebeka ama-grooves-grooves nge-4.5-5 cm ejulile futhi banamathele e-sevok, efafazwe ngokuphelele ngenhlabathi futhi kancane kancane. Ukuphuza umbhede ekuqaleni akudingekile.
Indlela yokunakekela u-anyanisi engadini
Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo - it weeding, ukuchelela, ukukhulula. Akudingeki ukuba i-sevok ifakwe kancane, njengoba ekuqaleni itshalwa ibanga elilingene lamabhula kusuka komunye nomunye.
Uyazi? Ama-anyanisi efomeni labo elidliwayo lapho lidliwe liye laveza umphumela we-antimicrobial, usizo lokukhulisa umkhuhlane, ukuvimbela izifo zenhliziyo.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi nokulawula ukhula
Ukhula luhluma phakathi kwemigqa, futhi ngemuva kokuhluma nokuzungeza isihlahla se-anyanisi. Khipha inhlabathi emva kokunisela ngamunye kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 cm. 
Ukunisela nokudla anyanisi
Embuzweni we-ani-bulb indlela yokukhula kahle - ngokuchelela okuningi noma ngaphandle? Anyanisi - isiko esingadingi ngempela amanzi. Ukuphuza, kuyadingeka, kodwa ngokulinganisela - esimweni esishisayo, qiniseka okungenani kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-5-6. Ngezinye izinsuku - isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini ezingu-8-10. Ngezinye izikhathi anyanisi angakhula ngaphandle kokuphuza nhlobo - uma ihlobo lifudumala futhi livame ngezikhathi ezithile.
Kubalulekile! Kufanele ulandele imithetho indlela yokunakekela u-anyanisi ngaphambi kokuvuna. Cishe izinsuku ezingu-30-35 ngaphambi kokuvuna kusuka ekutshaleni kwensimu (kanye nokufaka umquba) u-anyanisi kumisiwe.Abalimi bezitshalo banesithakazelo ukuthi bangakhula kanjani futhi bakhulise kanjani anyanisi amakhulu ngaphandle kokugqoka. Eqinisweni, yebo, uma inhlabathi ivundile ngokwanele. Kodwa kaningi u-anyanisi udlalwa ukukhula kangcono nokukhuphuka okukhulu.
Emhlabathini omncane, u-anyanisi udliwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 - okokuqala ekuphakameni kweshidi lika-7-9 cm, okwesibili - emva kwamasonto amabili, okwesithathu - emva kwamasonto amathathu. Ukugqoka, umquba wezinkukhu uhlanjululwa ngamanzi, i-mullein (100 g / 5 l amanzi ngamanzi okugeleza ka 2.5 l / 1 sq. M), urea, i-potassium chloride, i-superphosphate (10-15 g / 2 sq. M) kufanelekile. 
Izinkinga ezikhulayo, izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo ze-anyanisi
Inkathazo enkulu ye-anyanisi - onion fly, izibungu ezidla inyama yesithelo ngaphakathi, emva kwalokho i-anyanisi kanye nezinpaphe ze-anyanisi ziyoma. Ekuboniseni kokuqala kokulimala, izitshalo ezigulayo zikhishwa futhi zibhujiswa.
Ukuvimbela izimpukane ze-anyanisi yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-sevka ngaphambi kokuyibeka endaweni yokugcina nokuphuma (i-anyanisi ibhujiswe), ukutshala izaqathe kanye negalikhi eduze no-anyanisi, bese umba umhlabathi ojulile ekwindla - kuze kufike ku-30 cm ukubulala ubusika obuncithakalo emhlabathini kusukela efrijini. Kubuye kunconywe ukuvimbela ukuchelela imibhede ngamanzi anosawoti - 300-400 g usawoti / amalitha ayi-10 amanzi noma ubeke umhlabathi ngobuningi be-2: 1 ngenhlanganisela yomswakama we-sunflower nofulawa ogwayi.
Enye inkathazo i-weevil beetle. Kokubili izibungu nezibungu zidla ngezinpaphe ze-anyanisi, izilonda ezibangelwa ukubola kwamahlamvu kanye nokunciphisa isivuno se-anyanisi.
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-covert - ukukhululeka njalo (izibungu zalo, ezibonakala phezulu, ziyafa). Ukufika kwe-anyanisi ye-bait eseduze, ehlaselwa yi-weevil futhi ebhujiswa kanye ne-parasite, iyasebenza.
I-anyanisi e-parasitic ugwayi kanye no-anyanisi thrips namafosholo. Ukuvimbela okwenzekayo - ukumba ebusika emhlabathini okungenani u-30 cm, ukukhululeka njalo, ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga anyanisi nge-infusions of celandine, pepper okubabayo, lwesinaphi esimhlophe, ugwayi nomhlonyane. Noma ungasebenzisa ama-insecticide engadini (ama-agrochemicals), aklanyelwe ngokumelene nalezi zinambuzane.
U-anyanisi: kuvuna
Ngaphambi kokukhetha anyanisi emhlabathini, qiniseka ukuthi ivuthiwe. Kuyinto elula ukuyenza - amaqabunga ayo kufanele agwetshwe futhi agwetshwe ngokuphelele, futhi ama-flakes aphezulu e-bulb omile. Donsa umnsalo kanye namahhashi namahlamvu (imisila), ngaphandle kokuphula. 
Kubalulekile! I-anyanisi ye-bulb, etholakala ku-sevka, kwisitoreji esifanele sinamandla okugcina - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-220.Ama-anyanisi ahlanganisiwe asele ngaphansi komkhumbi noma ene-ventilation eyanele endlini emasontweni amabili. Futhi ngemva kwalokho lokho kususa izimpande nomsila, noma ugobe umnsalo ube yisibopho (umbuthano). Ukufaka endaweni yokugcina, kungcono ukuhlunga anyanisi ngobukhulu bama-bulb. Yilondoloze ngo-16 ... +22 ° C (cishe ngehora lokushisa) elimisiwe emabhokisini noma amabhokisi namabhasikidi. Anyanisi ingagcinwa endaweni yokushisa ephansi kuze kufike ku +1 ° C - emiphongolweni, phansi, e-attic, into esemqoka - Ungavumeli ngesikhathi sokumisa isitoreji nokushisa kwamazinga okushisa.
Konke mayelana anyanisi, okuyinto lapho ukhule ngendlela efanele akufanele kubangele noma yikuphi ubunzima.
