Kumapulani abo omhlaba, abantu abaningi bakhulisa hhayi izitshalo kuphela eziletha usizo olungokoqobo, kodwa futhi nokuthile okujabulisa iso nje. Phakathi kwezikhala ezinjalo eziluhlaza kukhona i-fern, iqhawe lezinganekwane nezinsumansumane zabantu baseRussia. Ungayitshala kanjani kahle, ungayinakekela kanjani futhi lapho izinambuzane izinakekela, bambalwa abakwaziyo.
Yini i-fern etshalwa engadini
UFern - umndeni wezitshalo eziluhlaza okotshani, onezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi. Lo mmeleli wezimbali uhlala emhlabeni wonke. Ithanda umthunzi nomswakama ezindaweni ezinelanga nezomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazithobi. Konke kuhlangene kwenza lesi sitshalo se-spore sibe inketho enhle kakhulu yemifino yengadi. Uma sekudliwe, kutholakala ukuthi yimpahla ephulukisayo. Manje i-fern inesimo sokuhlobisa.
UFern
Lo mndeni ngokomlando une-halo engaqondakali. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi ama-fern aqhuma kuphela ngobusuku buka-Ivan Kupala, emahlathini angaphezulu kwengcebo. Noma ngubani ofuna ukumthola uzophazanyiswa amandla angcolile, umbala ongaqondakali (encazelweni yendabuko - enhle, ecwebezelayo nayo yonke imibala yesibhakabhaka) kumele itholakale ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Ngakho-ke zisho izinganekwane zabantu. Kudala kufakazelwe ukuthi umuntu wasendulo ugcizelela into ejwayelekile. I-fern ngokwayo ayiqhakaza. Ukuze imbali edume, encane, egoqwe i-vayy noma ezinye izitshalo eziqhakaza endaweni yakwamakhelwane yathatha.
Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-Ferns ayizakhamuzi ezindala kakhulu zoMhlaba. Bakhuphuka iminyaka eminingi ngaphambi kokuba umuntu wokuqala avele kuyo.
Ummeleli walesi simbali uphonsa uhlaza lwaso ebusika. Kuzoba yiphutha ukuyibiza ngamahlamvu. I-fern ayinawo amaqabunga - kuphela amapuleti amaqabunga, ngokwesayensi abizwa ngokuthi i-waiyami. Zingahluka ngobukhulu ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo: kusuka kumasentimitha amathathu kuphela kuya phezulu kwezihlahla. Uhlelo lwezimpande zalo mndeni wezitshalo luqinile, lunamandla.
I-fern engadini kade ayiyona into entsha kubahlali basehlobo. Wonke umuntu uyakusebenzisa: umlimi we-amateur we-flowerbed egcekeni, nochwepheshe kumklamo we-landscape. Izinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yilezi:
- Izintshe ezijwayelekile. I-vayi yayo ifana netsiba lezintshe, lapho kwaqhamuka khona igama lesitshalo. Amapuleti eshidi anjalo angafinyelela kumitha eyodwa nesigamu ubude. Izimpande ze-Ostrich zehla, zikhule zibheke phezulu.
- Orlyak ezejwayelekile. Le fern itshalwe ezikoleni. Iphansi impela - iWii ingafinyelela uphawu lwamasentimitha angama-70. Ifana nezimpaphe zokhozi ngesimo, yingakho igama lezinhlobo. Ezilwaneni, zinobuthi, kepha kubantu azinabungozi. Uhlelo Lwezimpande lumi nalo luqondile, ngenkathi lukhula lube lukhulu kakhulu.
I-Youngakhona
- Ikhodi yensikazi. Ekubukeni kokuqala, i-fern yengadi iyafana kusuka ezinhlotsheni kuya ezinhlotsheni, kuphela uchwepheshe ongahlukanisa. Isibonelo, iskier cuticle salker ine-dispenton ephinyiselwe ngaphezulu kwepuleti leqabunga kune-Ostrich noma i-Orlyak. IVaya fern iyakhula, njengoba kudingwa yizinhlobo ezithile - ezinye azidluli amasentimitha angama-30, ezinye zifinyelela kuma-70. Izimpande zalesi zinhlobo zimfushane, kepha ziwugqinsi.
- INippon Wanderer. Njengowesifazane, unokuphambana okusobala kwe-vayya. Yile nhlobo ekhiqiza umbala ongavamile - onsundu-luhlaza okotshani, onemithambo ebomvu emnyama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, yize i-fern ithanda umthunzi nomswakama, umgadli waseNippon usadinga ilanga elincane ukwenza iphethini yakhe ibonakale icace ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kusakazwa izinhlamvu, isici sezinhlobonhlobo asidluliswanga, kuphela lapho kukhula ihlumela elisha elivela empandeni.
Orlyak ezejwayelekile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fern, kepha kungaphezulu okungenhla njengezitshalo zasehlobo.
Ungayitshala kanjani i-fern
Ngokuvamile, lo omele izimbali akazithobi. Kulula ukutshala i-fern - njengama-roses angenasisekelo, akudingi ukuthi ukhathaze ngakho. Noma kunjalo, izincomo eziningi kuzodingeka ukuthi zilandelwe ukuze isitshalo sijule futhi sithokoze ngamatheki aluhlaza.
Emhlabathini ovulekile
UFern angakhula kakhulu, athumba insimu entsha. Ngemuva kwalokho kunconywa ukuthi uzitshale ukuze zingadedeli ezinye izitshalo. Ukutshala nokunakekela i-fern yasemgwaqweni engadini kunamaphuzu ambalwa abalulekile adinga ukunakwa:
- Isithunzi. Elangeni elisebenzayo, u-fern uyafa. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuzikhethela izindawo ezinomthunzi. Endabeni ye-skier yokuzulazula yeNippon, udinga ukukhetha ekhoneni lapho kuphela imisebe yelanga lokuqala izowela khona, ngaphandle kwalokho idinga ukuvikelwa elangeni.
INippon Wanderer
- Khulula umhlaba. Ukudlulisa i-fern ngeke kusebenze kabi. Akunakutyalwa enhlabathini eyenziwe ngodaka. "Uphefumula" ngenkuthalo futhi impande futhi ingene emhlabeni onzima. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululwe, unganyathelwa.
- Ukuchelela kaningi. Ngaphandle kokuhlukile, zonke izinhlobo zefern love umswakama. Ngakho-ke, bayazitshala, zinisela kakhulu umgodi wokufika. Esikhathini esizayo, zinikeza ukugcinwa njalo komswakama endaweni lapho isihlahla sikhula khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi akumele avunyelwe ukugwazeka. Ezimpandeni kubalulekile ukwakha drainage omuhle.
- Isikhathi esifanele. Kungcono ukutshala ama-ferns emhlabathini ovulekile entwasahlobo, kuyilapho omncane esemncane. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba ukuthi lesi sitshalo siqale izimpande.
- Musa ukuqina. Isithombo sembare sidinga ukufakelwa okusheshayo. Awukwazi ukuyigcina emoyeni isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizokoma.
Embizeni
I-fern yasemgwaqweni ezweni ihlala iminyaka eminingana. Akukho lutho oluhlala njalo, futhi kungekudala lesi sitshalo siyafa. Kodwa-ke, uma ekwindla sithatha ihlumela laso ebhodweni bese silibuyisela ekhaya, silikhulise ebusika, khona-ke entwasahlobo kuyokwazi ukutshala izithombo esezikhulile ezweni. Uzokwazi ukujwayela imvelo entsha.
Ukufakelwa kukaFern
Lokhu kutshala kwe-fern kunemisindo yayo:
- Ukukhanya okuphakathi. Ungacindezeli imbiza ekhoneni elikude. Kuzoba mnyama kakhulu endlini. Kuyingozi njengemisebe evuthayo yelanga. Kungcono ukukhetha igumbi lapho i-fern izokuma khona ngasewindini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ngeke ivezwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
- Ukunisela. Wonke ama-ferns athanda amanzi. Ngakho-ke, ngesinye isikhathi ungahlela ukugeza okuncane kwesitshalo. Qiniseka ukuthi isiqiniseko sokuthi inhlabathi ezimpandeni ayomile, ihlala inomswakama.
- Usayizi webhodwe. Amafeni esivandeni ngokuvamile akhula amakhulu, hhayi mancane. Banesistimu enezimpande enamandla, lokhu kubalulekile ukucubungula lapho ukhetha ibhodwe. Kungcono ukuthatha lowo omkhulu, ukuze isitshalo impela sibe nokubekelwa indawo yokukhula.
- Ukushisa Kunombono wokuthi i-fern idinga ukuphola, ngakho-ke, egumbini elinesihlume, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphezulu kwama-15 degrees. Lokhu kuyiphutha. Lo mmeleli wezimbali uzoba ntofontofo impela ku-22-23 degrees Celsius.
- Umswakama. Umoya owomile uyingozi kulesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokushisa awudingi ukuwugcina eduze namabhethri kanye nabashisi. Ngeke kube kubi ukuzolisa umoya egumbini noma kufafaze i-fern ngamanzi, emvuleni - vula iwindi ukwandisa umswakama ngokwemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa. Kunezinhlobo zama-Ferns ezingatshalwa ngokujwayelekile ekhaya. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-fern Nephrolepis eyenziwe ekhaya
.
Ungaphinde udlulisele ebhodweni uthathe i-Orlyak ejwayelekile egumbini (kulokhu, izincomo ezingenhla zizokwenza).
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba ne-fern enhle kakhulu ehlathini. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inhlabathi nezimo zilungele lo mmeleli wezimbali. Umuntu ufuna ukuba nendoda enhle ekhaya. Ngemuva kwalokho uyofuna ukumfaka endaweni yakhe. I-Forest fern kulokhu inesethi yayo yemithetho:
- Usayizi olungile wesihlahla. Ngingathanda ukuthola yonke into ngasikhathi sinye, okungukuthi, ukumba siphume sitshale ngokushesha isihlahla esikhulu. Lokhu kugcwele ukufa kwesitshalo. Lapho kukhula i-fern, kukhula izimpande zayo ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe. Kukhona amathuba aphezulu okusika ngefosholo. Kungcono ukumba isihlahla esincane noma esiphakathi ngaphandle kokususa umhlabathi kusuka ezimpandeni. Njengoba isigaxa sisuswa emhlabeni, kanjalo nesigaxa se-fern sithuthelwa endaweni entsha.
- Susa amaqabunga amaningi. Abalimi abanolwazi batusa ukususa ama-90% awo wonke amaqabunga e-fern amaqabunga. Ukutshala i-fern, ukuyishiya injalo, akunconywa. Uma imifino isongwe kahle, lesi sitshalo sizokwazi ukufaka amandla ekuzivumelaniseni, hhayi ekugcinweni kwesimo se-ngamunye.
Nakani! Lapho udlulisela i-fern komunye umhlabathi, kunconywa ukuthatha indawo encane yomhlaba kusuka ehlathini lapho ikhule khona. Kungezwe emgodini wokufika endaweni entsha. Lokhu kusiza isitshalo ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nemvelo entsha.
- Tshala emhlabathini omusha ngokushesha. Esimweni esihle, ukufakelwa kubukeka kanjena: i-fern ehlathini, enisele ihora ngaphambi kokukhohliswa, imbiwa. Izimpande azisulwa emhlabathini, futhi nenhlabathi encane ithathwa nawe. Ngemuva kokumba, lesi sitshalo ngokushesha siyiswa endaweni entsha. Umhlaba wehlathi wengezwa emgodini obekulungiselelwe ngawo ngaphambili, bese kuthi ukufakwa kuthengiswe, ungakhohlwa ukuwunisela kahle.
Olimaza i-fern engadini
Njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kulomhlaba, i-fern ezweni nasendlini ingagula, izimuncagazi zingakulimaza. Kulokhu, umlimi kufanele alungele.
Ukumba i-fern ehlathini
Isifo
Umndeni kaFern unganqoba amagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane. Udinga ukubona izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi uthathe isinyathelo.
Izifo ze-Fern
| Lesi sifo | Izimpawu | Ukwelashwa |
|---|---|---|
| Anthracnose | AmaWi aya eba mnyama, amabala ansundu avele kuwo | Susa izingxenye ezilimele, phatha amakhambi asindile nge-fungic ehleliwe. Yehlisa ukuchelela nokufafaza. |
| Ukubola kwezimpande | Kuphuzi nokuwa kwamaqabunga eqabunga | Amanzi amancane |
| Isikhunta grey | Kuthinta isitshalo sonke | Susa izingxenye ezilimele. Phatha abasindile ngesikhunta esikhethekile. Vikela ukuthola amanzi ku-wai yakho. Gwema umanyolo nge-nitrogen. |
UFern anthracnose
Izinambuzane
Akungenxa yezifo kuphela lapho isitshalo ingaqala ukubuna. Kwesinye isikhathi i-fern enempilo ngokuphelele, egcwele amandla ivele iqale ukubuna phambi kwamehlo ayo, ukulimala. Ngemuva kwalokho ungasola ukutheleleka nganoma yiziphi izinambuzane. Okulandelayo yikhona okuvame kakhulu.
Izilokazane zeFern
| Inambuzane | Izimpawu | Ukwelashwa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Whitefly | Ukubabaza kwefern. Amabhu amancane amhlophe aphenya ngokusuka emaqabungeni. Izinhlaka zobumba obumpunga, amaqanda nezibungu ngemuva kweqabunga. | · Uma ukutheleleka kungenamandla, udinga ukuhlela isihlambi esipholile sesitshalo. Kumakhaza, izimpungushe ziyafa. Phinda inqubo izikhathi eziningana, ngoba amaqanda angavikelwa amakhaza. Uma i-fern yangaphakathi igula, ungayibeka endaweni epholile (cishe ama-degree Celsius) ayi-12 ebusuku. · Uma ukutheleleka kukubi, khona-ke kufanele kusetshenziswe izinambuzane ezikhethekile, ezenza ijusi lesitshalo linoshevu ezinambuzaneni. |
| Abesifazane abamhlophe | Izinambuzane ezincane ezimhlophe ezingenamaphiko emhlabathini | Zivela ekugcogcweni kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuthambisa. Kunconywa ukomisa umhlaba. |
| I-Mealybug | I-plaque emhlophe ku-vayay noma enhlabathini, ezindongeni zebhodwe | · Uma i-plaque iku-waiyi, susa izingxenye ezithintekile futhi ungaphezulu komhlaba. Uma uhlaka emhlabathini, faka lesi sitshalo ebhodweni olusha nenhlabathi entsha, ngemuva kokugeza kahle izimpande ngamanzi. |
I-Mealybug
Ukunakekelwa kwe-fern engadini efanele
I-fern idinga ukunakekelwa, njenganoma iyiphi enye imbali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imibandela ethile edingekayo kuye ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokufakelwa:
- Umhlabathi lapho lesi sitshalo se-spore sikhula khona kumele ube ngumswakama. Iqiniso lokuthi udinga umswakama, selivele selishiwo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngonyaka wokuqala kusuka ekufakweni lokhu kudingeka kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ama-Ferns, njengabantu, kwesinye isikhathi adinga amaminerali namavithamini. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukubondla ngamanyolo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ungawathenga kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezimbali.
Nakani! Kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa umanyolo uma i-fern inyathelwa kuphela (kufanele idlule okungenani izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kwalokhu), kanye nokuthi umhlabathi womile ukugwema ukushiswa kwezimpande. Uma isitshalo sibuthakathaka, khona-ke kunconywa ukuba ungafakwa umanyolo hhayi ngendlela yezimpande, kodwa ngokunisela kwamaqabunga. Isixazululo sokondla kumele sibe buthakathaka.
- Ukuvula amandla. Ama-Ferns asungule "ukuphefumula" kwezimpande. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zigcwala umoya-mpilo hhayi nge-vayi kuphela, kepha futhi nangezimpande, futhi ngentshiseko kuneminye imibala eminingi. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umhlaba obazungezile ugcotshwe, kunconywa ukuwukhulula ngezikhathi ezithile.
I-Fern isitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuqala abalimi. Ukutshala kwayo kuthatha umzamo omncane. Noma kunjalo, akufanele uvumele izimbali zikhule ngamandla adonsela phansi, kufanele unake ngokuphelele noma iyiphi imbali engadini yakho.
