Abantu abaningi bazi i-physalis njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, itshalwa kokubili ezingadini nasekhaya ezimbizeni. Noma kunjalo, kukhona imifino ye-physalis, edliwayo. Izithelo zaso zifana kakhulu notamatisi, zikhula ngendlela engajwayelekile, ifane nesibani, i-wrapper ephelele.
Isitshalo semifino: incazelo
Ukutshala ama-viralis emifino ekhaya njengemifino akukakabi nodumo olukhulu njengokutshala ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uthole ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani i-physalis ku-dacha yakho, uyinakekele kahle futhi uyivune ngesikhathi.
Ama-edible physalis eRussia aqala ukukhula ekhaya ngekhulu le-19. Lo mkhuba usuka emazweni aseYurophu, lapho lesi sitshalo sivela endaweni yaso yemvelo - eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu.
Isitshalo semifino
Ama-Physalis, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, angafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1. Lesi sitshalo esidala esingowomndeni wakwaNightshade. Abafowethu abasondele kakhulu ngamazambane notamatisi.
Esihlahleni esisodwa, zingaba ngu-200 izithelo ezingavuthwa ngesizini, eziqala zikhule kwibhokisi lewolintshi noma elibomvu-elibukeka lifana nethoshi noma insimbi evaliwe.
Nakani! Yileli cala elivikela umbungu kuyo yonke imithonya emibi yemvelo, izifo kanye nezinambuzane.
Izithelo ezinkulu zesitshalo zinobunzima obungama-gramu ayi-50, kunezinhlobo zemifino zezithelo zaso ezifinyelela isisindo esingama-80 amagremu. Ngokungafani notamatisi, izithelo ze-physalis zinephalethi yombala ohlukile. Izithelo ezivuthiwe zingaba luhlaza, ophuzi, o-orenji, obomvu nobubende.
Okuthandwa yi-physalis
Awusoze washo ukuthi hlobo luni lwemifino ukunambitheka kwe-physalis kubukeka, ngoba izinhlobo azifani. Izithelo zabanye zinambitha njengamajikijolo nezithelo eziningana: ama-sitrobheli, izithelo zomvini zomdiliya kanye namagilebhisi. Ezinye izinhlobo zinokunambitheka kukaphayini.
Izinhlobo eziningana zemifino zikhumbula kakhudlwana utamatisi ongavuthiwe, ezinye izinhlobo ziyafana nama-gooseberries. Kwesinye isikhathi ukunambitheka kuyashisa noma kubabile, kepha lapho kulungiswa amalungiselelo kusuka ku-physalis ebusika, bonke ubumunyu nobumuncu buyanyamalala.
Umbala wezithelo uhlukile
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zemifino Yemifino
Enye yezinhlobo zaseMexico ezidume kakhulu yiTomatillo. Inezithelo ezinombala ophuzi.
Nakani! Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezweni lakubo, lesi sitshalo sekuyisikhathi eside ukhula lungafinyeleleki, futhi bazama ukusiqeda.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
- I-Korolek luhlobo lwemifino esetshenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa i-caviar yemifino ebusika.
- Ikhompiyutha ye-Vegas deventist ithambise kancane izithelo ezinkulu eziphuzi. Kusetshenziswa okusha.
- I-Soil Gribovsky iyizinhlobo ezingahambisani nokubandayo ezinama-amajikijolo aluhlaza omnandi namajikijolo amancane omuncu.
- IMoscow iqala ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi. Izithelo ziphuzi kakhulu.
- IPlum Jam inombala onsomi ophelele. Ungalihlukanisa kolunye uhlobo onsomi ka-Tomatillo onsomi ngepulpiti ngaphakathi: ngokungafani ne-pulp ephuzi kaTomatillo, iPlum Jam ine-green green.
- I-Physalis Gourmand. I-Gourmand yokuqala eyahlukahlukene inezakhiwo eziwusizo ezihlanza umzimba. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-70. Inezithelo ezinkulu eziwolintshi ezikhanyayo ezisukela ku-60 kuye ku-80 amagremu. Kusetshenziselwa ukwenza ukhukhamba, ujamu ebusika. Kujwayelekile ukudla okusha.
Berry physalis: izinhlobo
Ngokungafani nemifino, izinhlobo ze-physalis berry azinayo into enamathela ebusweni bethanga lezithelo. Iqembu lezinhlobo zama-berry lifaka i-sitrobheli nezinhlobo zasePeru. Abamele abadumile yilaba:
- I-wizard ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ikhiqiza kakhulu futhi ibonakala ngokuphila isikhathi eside eshalofini lamajikijolo.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zama-dessert zazifakwa eRussia. Izithelo ezincane ziphuzi-orenji.
- IColumbus yehlukile ngezithelo ezincane zewolintshi, ukunambitheka kwazo kuyafana nama-sitrobheli.
- I-Raisin yintsha encane, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu. Amajikijolo amancane aphuzi wesitshalo anambitha njengophayinaphu.
I-Physalis emhlabathini ovulekile
I-Physalis: ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile
Ukuthola isivuno esiphambili nesinothile, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukutshala okufanele futhi unikeze ukunakwa okulalelwayo ezihlahleni kuyo yonke inkathi.
Ama-genalis endaweni evulekile angatshalwa ngezindlela eziningana: ngembewu, ngama-rhizomes nangezithombo. Ekhaya engadini, indlela yokutshala usebenzisa imbewu isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi, izithombo azivamile ukukhula. Udinga ukutshala imbewu entwasahlobo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezifudumele nokushisa komhlaba.
Ilungiselela imbewu yokutshala
Ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile, okokuqala kudingeka ulungiselele isixazululo esikhethekile se-saline, lapho kudingeka uzitholele khona isikhashana.
Imbewu eziyize nezonakele ezingakulungele ukutshala zizovela, futhi imbewu esezingeni eliphakeme izosala phansi. Ngemuva kwe-saline, imbewu kufanele ihlanjululwe emanzini ahlanzekile ngesihlungo.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuthathelwa kwesifo sembewu, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile - ama-fungicides. Ungasebenzisa ikhambi labantu - ikhambi le-potanganum permanganate.
Ukukhetha isiza nokulungiselela ukuhlwanyela
Akunconyelwe ukutshala ama-physalis ezindaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona amasiko angomakhelwane ngaphambili. Indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ibe sendaweni evulekile enelanga, lapho kunomoya omuhle.
Inhlabathi kumele ivundile futhi ixege. Lapho ulungiselela umhlaba wokuhlwanyela, kuyadingeka ukwenza umanyolo ngesimo somquba noma i-humus, i-peat kanye nomhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi esithile somfula.
Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa emibhedeni kufanele okungenani libe amasentimitha angama-50-70 ukusuka komunye nomunye (kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo). Imbewu ngayinye itshalwe ekujuleni okungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha amabili. Fafaza ngomhlaba kancane, uthambekele kancane ngentende. Ekupheleni, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngamanzi athambile, ahleliweyo.
Isivuno sincike ekunakekelweni okufanele
Nakekela ukutshala ama-viralis zemifino
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani kahle imifino engajwayelekile, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho yokunakekelwa kwamanye ama-nightshade, afana notamatisi.
Bonke abalimi bacabanga ukuthi bangatshala amakhambi e-herbal, ngoba utamatisi udinga le nqubo. Kodwa-ke, leli siko alidingi ukuphawulwa. Kungenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi sekwindla ukwenza ukwakheka kwesiqalo sesitshalo ngokunamathisela izingcingo ukuze amandla esitshalo angahambi ukukhula, kepha avuthe izithelo.
Isiko alifuni ukunisela, into esemqoka ukunisela ihlathi lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlabathi loma. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ivumele ukomiswa komhlaba nokusimama komswakama kuwo. Amanzi wokunisela akufanele kube kubanda futhi kube nzima, imvula noma amanzi asemfuleni kufanelekile.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukhula kwenhlabathi.
Umanyolo wemifino ye-physalis
Amabhasi adinga ukondliwa njalo emavikini ama-2. Kunconywa ukuthi kuguqulwe ukugqokwa kwamaminerali kanye noku-organic top.
Ungenza umanyolo we-organic ngokwakho. Indlela yakhe elula ilula: chaza amagremu angama-200 e-mullein ebhakedeni lamanzi ajwayelekile.
Umanyolo wamaminerali ungathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile njengelungiselelo eliyinkimbinkimbi lezilimo eziseduze.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna
Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokwazo ziwela phansi futhi, ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle, zingalala kulesi sikhundla isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto ngaphandle kokuwohloka ngokuphelele.
Ukuvuna kufanele kwenziwe lapho izithelo zokuqala ziqala ukuwa. Ngemuva kweqoqo lokuqala, kunconywa ukuphinda inqubo njalo ngeviki. Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuvuthwe futhi kususwe zonke izithelo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ngoba izithelo ezikwazile ukuqola zizokonakala futhi ngeke zigcinwe isikhathi eside.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukukhetha amajikijolo esimweni sezulu esomile nesicacile; zizogcinwa isikhathi eside kulezo zimo.
I-Physalis: ukukhula nokunakekelwa e-Urals
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo buyehluka kancane ekukhuleni kwezinye izifunda, ngoba lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa nesifo.
Umehluko omkhulu ukutshala izitshalo usebenzisa izithombo, ngokufaniswa notamatisi. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngaphambi kokutshala enhlabathini, izithombo kumele zondliwe ngomanyolo futhi ziniselwe njalo.
Ngaphambi kokutshala engadini, kungakapheli isonto, ibhokisi elinezithombo likhishwe ngaphandle amahora amaningi, ukuze izithombo zijwayele isimo sezulu sasemgwaqweni.
Ukutshala nokunakekela ama-physalis endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ku-greenhouse eyenziwe nge-polycarbonate, ingilazi noma i-polyethylene, i-physalis itshalwa ngezithombo ezitshalwe ngaphambi ekhaya.
Lapho amaqabunga angama-5-7 ekhula kwisithombo ngasinye, izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Imithombo yezithombo akufanele ibe ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-8, ngasinye sazo kufanele siniselwe ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Inhlabathi ehlanganiswe ne-humus nesihlabathi somfula kufanele ihlale ivulekile.
Ukondla kwenziwa kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, kuguqulwa umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic.
Kubalulekile! Isimo esiyinhloko lapho sikhula ku-greenhouse ukufakwa umoya omncane njalo.
Ungayakha kanjani i-physalis ku-greenhouse
Isitshalo sizokutshela ukuthi ungakha kanjani i-physalis ku-greenhouse. Ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela amaningi angenayo izithelo, ayasuswa.
Ukuze ukhiqize umkhiqizo, engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, bacindezela izingxenye ezingenhla zamahlumela.
Izifo zePhysalis
I-Physalis imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngigula kuphela ngokunakekelwa okungafanele kanye nezimo zezulu ezithandekayo nezemvelo. Izifo eziphambili ze-physalis, ezidala ingozi enkulu empilweni yesihlahla kuze kube sekubhujisweni kwaso, yilezi: i-mosaic, umlenze omnyama nesiteki.
Izifo ze-Physalis ku-greenhouse
Lapho sikhula isivuno endaweni ebamba ukushisa, singathola isifo fungal esibizwa ngokuthi umlenze omnyama.
Isizathu sokubonakala kwayo umoya omswakama kakhulu nokuntuleka komoya omncane.
Ukuqonda ukuthi isihlahla sathola umlenze omnyama, udinga ukubheka isisekelo sehlumela eliyinhloko ezimpandeni. Ngalesi sifo, amabala amnyama nokuvela mnyama lapho.
Izifo ezingamaqabunga
Isifo esivelayo, kaningi, sithinta amapuleti amaqabunga esiko. Zingahle ziphuzi bese ziqala ukuwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuvela amabala angaqondakali nezinduna ebusweni bazo.
Isifo sikaMose
Njengamatamatisi, ama-physalis angathola ukulimala sekwephuzile kanye ne-fusariosis. Ngokulimaza sekwephuzile, amapuleti amaqabunga apendwe ezindaweni ezinamabala amnyama ansundu, bese ayoma bese efa khona manjalo. Lesi sifo siyingozi ngoba ngesikhathi sokunisela nemvula amagciwane abangela lesi sifo angangena ezingxenyeni zesiqu nezimpande zesiko futhi akhule lapho.
Okunye ukugula kwesikhunta, i-fusarium, nako kuvela emaqabungeni esihlahla. Ukulimaza izimpande, ukutheleleka kungena ngeziqu bese kufinyelela kumapuleti amaqabunga, aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, ansundu, aqine futhi omile.
Kubalulekile! Uma amanye amasiko asondelene akhula endaweni ngama-physalis, khona-ke amathuba okugula aya enyuka ngesinye isikhathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuthola ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezi-solanaceous nokuthi imuphi umakhelwane ongamukeleki ku-physalis.
Izinduna eziphuzi kumaqabunga
Ukuvela kwezinduna eziphuzi emaqabungeni ama-physalis kukhombisa ukubukeka kwesifo esenziwe nge-mosaic. Ukukhanya, kwesinye isikhathi okucishe kube mhlophe, amabala aqala ukuvela emacembe nezithelo. Zingaba bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu.
Ingaphezulu lamapuleti amaqabunga liqala ukumbozwa izindawo ezinamabala, ezonakalisa amaqabunga futhi zishintshe ukunqotshwa kwazo. Ukukhula kwesiko kunciphisa, amaqabunga aqala ukubuna aphenduke aphuzi, izithelo azikwazi ukuvuthwa.
Incomo kanye namathiphu wokuvikela ama-viralis ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi kungasindisa izihlahla nezitshalo. Ukulwa nezifo, ungathenga amalungiselelo akhethekile okubulala ukhukhamba ezitolo noma uzilungiselele usebenzisa indlela yabantu.
Izikhala ze-Physalis azikho
Kepha kungcono ukunakekela impilo yesiko ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthibela:
- ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uyiwashele ngama-fungicides;
- tshala isivuno kude nightshade hhayi endaweni lapho izitshalo zalo mndeni zazivame ukukhula khona
- ngemuva kokusebenza engadini nasensimini, sebenzisa amathuluzi okubulala amagciwane engadini ukuze ungabangeli ukutheleleka;
- unake ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezihlahla phakathi nenkathi yonke.
Isiko le-nightshade elingajwayelekile lingasebenza njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, kanye nezithelo, amajikijolo nemifino. Izithelo ezimnandi zezinhlobonhlobo ze-physalis berry zilungele kahle ukwenza ama-jams kanye nama-jams, izinhlobo zemifino ngamakhekhe nokunye okunye okulungiselela ubusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingadliwa okusha.
