IZygopetalum - isitshalo esingeniswa ezweni lasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Lolu hlobo lomndeni oluvela emndenini we-Orchid luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-14. Imbali ejwayelekile kakhulu etholwe eBrazil.
Incazelo Nezici
Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga agqamile ngamathiphu abukhali ambozwe ngemithambo ye-longitudinal. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, kusungulwa isiqu esifinyelela ku-60 cm, lapho kutholakala khona ukuqhuma kwama-buds ayi-12 (ngaphezulu kuma-nzalo). Zivula ngezimbali ezinkulu ngephunga eliqinile. Amanani amaningi we-inflorescence axubgated, apendwe ngombala onsomi noluhlaza okotshani obumhlophe, ama-monophonic petals awandile. Izimbali zihlala kuze kube ngamaviki ayi-9.
Ingxenye esondele-emhlabeni yesiqu, i-pseudobulb, i-oval, ikhula ibe ngu-6 cm ubude. Sizungezwe amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi, afayo njengoba i-zygopetalum ikhula.
Izinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-14 eziphambili kanye neningi inzalo. Abafuyi bahlala bethula inhlanganisela entsha ye-orchid ehlanganisiwe.
| Buka | Isici |
| Luisendorf | Ifanele iphunga layo eliqinile elimnandi. Iqhakaza izinyanga ezi-3, ama-petals a-burgundy brown ngesisekelo esiluhlaza. Buds on stalk eyodwa kuze 8 izingcezu. |
| Ingelosi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Umbala we-inflorescence eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onokusikisela kwe-lilac kanye ne-cream splashes. Kunzima ukunakekela okuhlukahlukene. Iphunga lifana nephunga elimnyama. |
| I-Trozi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Amapuleti amaqabunga mide, izimbali zingombala ophuzi-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe ngocezu lwe-burgundy. Izinhlunu ziyahlukahluka, zisuka ekuqotheni ziye ekubeni mncane. |
| Mackay | I-Epiphyte, ikhanya kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka. Izimbali zintekenteke, ziluhlaza okotshani okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izindebe zimhlophe enamabala abomvu. |
| UMaxillare | Ama-inflorescence ansundu ngomngcele oluhlaza, izindebe ziphenduka umbala ophuzi noma omhlophe. |
| IMaculatum | Lettuce amacembe anetshokolethi amabala. Umlomo omhlophe umbozwe imivimbo onsomi. |
| Pabstia | Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ukuphakama kufike ku-90 cm. Buds kufika ku-10 cm ubukhulu. |
| I-Pedicellatum | Ifaka i-lip emhlophe emincane, embozwe amachashazi we-lilac. |
| I-Microfitum | Iqhakaza isikhathi eside kunezinye izinhlobo. Ukuphakama akukho ngaphezu kwama-25 cm. |
| Shaggy | Ama-inflorescence anephunga elimnandi, anama-green green wavy. Izindebe zimbozwe imivimbo emide ye-violet. |
| Alan greatwood | Ama-buds makhulu, apendwe emthunzini we-chocolate. Umlomo ubanzi, onsomi ezansi, umhlophe unamachashazi ansomi ngezansi. |
| U-Arthur elle stonehurst | Ama-petals angama-cherry amnyama ngombala, futhi ingxenye engezansi imbali igqekeze nomngcele omhlophe. |
| Umlingo kaMerlin | Ihluka ngombala oluhlaza okhanyayo we-inflorescence enendawo yokuhlanganisa ushokoledi. |
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Zyzygopetalum ekhaya
| Izimo | Ntwasahlobo | Ihlobo | Ukuwa | Ubusika |
| Isibani | Iphukile, ewindini lasentshonalanga. | Kude namafasitela (noma umthunzi). | Iwindi laseningizimu noma lasentshonalanga, umthunzi ekuqaleni kwesizini. | Iwindi laseningizimu, uma kunesidingo, khanyisa amalambu e-UV. |
| Ukushisa | Emini + 20 ... +22 ° C, ebusuku + 16 ... +18 ° C | Emini + 24 ... +25 ° C, ebusuku + 18 ... +19 ° C | Emini + 18 ... +21 ° C, ebusuku + 13 ... +16 ° C | Emini + 18 ... +21 ° C, ebusuku + 13 ... +16 ° C |
| Umswakama | 70-90% | Ungabi ngaphansi kwama-60%, sebenzisa i-generator enomphunga. | I-70-90%, ngenkathi ingavumeli ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa (ukubola kungenzeka). | I-60-90%, kunconywa ukukhipha imbiza ebhethri noma ufake isitsha samanzi eduze kwayo. |
| Ukunisela | Ukunisela kanye zonke izinsuku ezingama-1-2. | Ukufafaza kwasekuseni, ukuthambisa nsuku zonke. | Njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3. | Njengoba inhlabathi yoma. |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto. | Izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto. | Kanye emavikini amabili. | Kanye ngenyanga. |
Udinga ukunisela isitshalo ngokuntywilisela imbiza emanzini, ngoba uketshezi lulimaza amaqabunga e-orchid. Isitsha kufanele sigcinwe emanzini imizuzu eyi-15, bese siphakanyiswa futhi sivunyelwe ukuthulula ngokweqile. Amanzi kufanele afudumele, angabandi + 18 ° C.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuyini inkathi, ukugeza okufudumele kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga. Njengokugqoka okuphezulu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo we-nitrogen, potassium ne-phosphorus.
Ukutshala, ukufakelwa, imbiza, inhlabathi
Lesi sitshalo sifunwa engxenyeni engaphansi, uma kukhethwe umhlabathi omubi sikhula kancane noma sikhule ngezimpande. Ngemuva kokuthenga, i-zygopetalum idinga ukufakelwa enhlabathini efanelekile.
Ingxube yezimbali kufanele ibe nezakhi ezilandelayo ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 3: 3: 2:
- amagxolo kaphayini obukhulu obukhulu (ungqimba oluphansi phezu kobumba olunwetshiwe);
- amagxolo kaphayini engxenyeni ephakathi (ungqimba olungaphezulu);
- i-peat (hlanganisa ne-pine bark ephakathi);
- i-sphagnum moss (faka kahle bese ungeza kuzendlalelo zombili zangaphansi).
Uma sithatha njengesisekelo sokubala imbiza eyi-1 litre, ukugcwalisa uzodinga ama-200 ml amagxolo amakhulu, ama-300 ml we-peat kanye namagxolo aphakathi nendawo, 200 ml we-moss.
I-Bark ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kaphayini kuphela, kepha futhi nezinye izihlahla ze-coniferous (i-larch, i-spruce, umsedari).
Njengoba lo omele ama-Orchids abola kalula ezimpandeni, kuyadingeka ukususa umswakama owedlulele. Amalahle alungele lokhu. Udinga ukungezwa ungqimba lomhlabathi ongaphansi. Esikhundleni sengxube ekhonjisiwe, ungasebenzisa inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo yezitshalo ze-orchid.
Lapho utshala, awudingi ukumba imbali ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, ama-pseudobulbs kufanele aqhubeke ebusweni. Zibola kalula, kube kanye emhlabathini. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ibhodwe elisobala ukuqapha isimo sezimpande.
Ukufakelwa akufanele kwenziwe kungabi kanye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo sizobuna. Kuzodingeka umthamo omusha lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha ama-3-5 noma uhlelo lwezimpande luba namandla. Uma i-peduncle iqala ukwakha, kufanele ulinde kuze kuphele isikhathi sezimbali.
Izimbali dormancy
Ukuqhakaza kwe-zygopetalum kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-inflorescence awakhi: lokhu kungenxa yezimo ezingezinhle noma ubuthakathaka bezitshalo. Isiqu sezimbali sivela amahlumela amasha lapho akhula cishe isigamu. Abakakayenzi i-pseudobulb.
Lapho amacembe we-inflorescence ewa noma omile, kubalulekile ukusika i-peduncle. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, isikhathi sokuphumula siqala. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo siyabuyiselwa, futhi kuyadingeka ukumhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele. Ukwehlisa ukuthambisa, fafaza njalo inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele. Hambisa ibhodwe egumbini elipholile, elinokushisa komoya ngaphakathi + 13 ... +18 ° C. Ukwehla kwamazinga okushisa nsuku zonke kufanele kube phakathi kuka +4 no-+5 ° C. Lapho imbali inika amahlumela amasha, ungayibuyisela ezimeni zangaphambilini zokuboshwa.
Uma ishubhu elingumhlaba selivele lakhele phansi amahlumela amasha, akufanele ulindele ukuqhakaza kulo nyaka.
Ukuzala
I-Zygopetalum iphindaphindwa ngokwahlukana. Kwanele ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome futhi utshale izingxenye eziphumayo ezitsheni ezihlukile. I-algorithm yesenzo ngqo:
- Khipha i-rhizome emhlabathini, kucace ukuthi ungaphansi kwe-substrate. Ungayigeza ngamanzi, kepha emva kwalokho kufanele uyomile.
- Susa izimpande ezomile noma ezibolile.
- Hlukanisa isitshalo sibe izingxenye eziningana. Ingxenye ngayinye yomuntu ngamunye kufanele okungenani ibe nezinhlamvu ezimbili zamanga.
- Yoma ngokuntywilisela imbali emalahleni aqoshiwe.
- Izingcezu zembewu ku-moss-sphagnum. Lindela ukuvela kwezinqubo ezintsha, usuku nosuku kunciphisa i-substrate.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu kwenziwa kuphela endaweni yezimboni. Kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ukuhluma okufanele kwembewu ekhaya.
Amaphutha kanye nokuqedwa kwawo
I-Zygopetalum isitshalo se-moody, uma sigcinwa ngokungafanele ekhaya, ingaqala ukubola, yomile noma ikhule kancane. Uma amabala noma iziqalo ezibolile zivela emaqabungeni, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvuselela kabusha.
| Inkinga | Isizathu | Isixazululo |
| Ama-peduncle awakhiwa. | Isimo esibuthakathaka imbali, ukufudumeza ngokweqile komoya, ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga. | Nikeza isitshalo isikhathi esifanele sokugcina. |
| Amancane efihlekile amancane | Inani elithe xaxa lokukhanya kwelanga, ukushisa ngokweqile. | Susa ibhodwe kufasitela, yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya liye ku + 20 ... +22 ° C. |
| Amahlamvu aphuzi. | Ukuntuleka komswakama. | Gada isimo se-substrate, somisa njengoba soma. Faka ithangi elinomswakama noma ithangi lamanzi eduze kwesitshalo. |
| Ukuvela kwamabala amnyama emaqabungeni. | Ukugcwala ngokweqile. | Misa umswakama wenhlabathi. Uma kukhona ukubola, faka i-zygopetalum ebhodweni elisha, ususe izimpande ezibolile. |
Izifo nezinambuzane, izindlela zokulwa nazo
| Isifo noma inkathazo | Incazelo | Isixazululo |
| I-Powdery hlobo | I-plaque ekhanyayo kumakhasi nge-tint e-pinkish tint. | I-Fungicides Alirin noma i-Quadris ngekhefu lesonto kuze kube yilapho i-plaque inyamalala. I-Quadris ayinconywa ngaphandle kwemishini yokuzivikela. |
| Ukubola okumnyama | Izindawo ezimnyama ezivela ngenxa yezinambuzane noma i-nitrogen ethe xaxa emhlabathini. | Susa imbangela yesifo, bese ufaka iTrosodermin enhlabathini. |
| Ukubola okumpunga | Amabala ansundu emaqabungeni, adlula ezingxenyeni ezindala zesitshalo ziya amahlumela amasha. | Susa izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo, ngomswakama omningi womhlabathi, uzifake emgqonyeni omusha. Inqubo ne-Trichodermin, Alirin noma i-Quadrice. |
| Anthracnose | Izindawo ezimnyama, ekugcineni zimbozwe ngubumba obomvana. | Dlulisela isitshalo ebhodweni elisha, ususa amaqabunga athintekile. Izinsuku ezingama-2-3 aziniseleli imbali. Yiphathe nge-Quadrice. |
| Iminenke kanye nama-slugs | Izimbobo ngamaqabunga ahlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle noma kwethala. | Phatha nge-Mesurol, thatha isitshalo usibuyisele endlini. |
| Isikhala sesicabucabu | Ama-cobwebs amancane ezihlahleni. | Bamba i-orchid eshaweni efudumele, inqubo neFitoverm. Phinda izikhathi ezi-2 zokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10. |
| Isikhunta seFusarium | Ukufakwa ukhonkolo kwemikhumbi, ukomisa kanye nokufafaza imbali. Kuphuzi kwepuleti leqabunga, kuthambisa i-rhizome. | Thuthukisa imibandela yokuboshwa: khuphula izinga lokushisa libe ngu-18 ... +22 ° C, unciphise ukuthambisa, ushintshe indawo engezansi. Phatha nge-Quadrice imvamisa yezinsuku eziyi-10-12 kuze kube yilapho isifo sesiqediwe. |
