Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zama-apula ku-Urals - Belfleur Bashkir.
Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, kanye namathiphu ekunakekeleni imithi yama-apula ingatholakala kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nezithombe zezithelo kulesi sihloko.
Uhlobo luni?
Ebusika zakuqala Bashkir Belfleur kuyinto ukudla okumnandi nge ukunambitheka eliphezulu.
Yakhiwe ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-steppe kanye namahlathi ezise-Urals, ezisakazwa eTatarstan naseBashkortostan.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zasebusika, izinhlobo ezinjalo zibonisa ukunambitheka okuhle: iNymp, Orlovsky Sinap, uKandil Orlovsky, Aport no-Orlik.
Ukuvota
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla zezithelo azizitholi izithelo, i-pollination ivela endaweni yakwezinye izihlahla ze-apula.
Umanyolo kungaba: I-Antonovka, i-Bashkir enhle, i-Anis Sverdlovsk, isithombo se-Titovka, i-Titovka nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ezihambisana nesikhathi sokuvuna.
Izimbali ezivuthayo ziphikisana nezinhlanzi zasekuseni ekuseni.
Incazelo izinhlobo Belfleur Bashkir
Izihlahla ze-Bashkir zaseBelfleur zathola ifa elivela kubazali bazo, ukutshala okuqinile kwezithelo nxazonke emagatsheni. Ukubheka ngokucophelela izici ezihlukanisayo zalesi sitshalo sesithelo.
Isihlahla srednerosloy, isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sesakhiwo kanye namagatsha ase-angles angakwesokudla, ekupheleni kwawo okuqondiswa phezulu.
Umuthi we-Apple uBelfleur Bashkir unamagatsha anamandla futhi aqinile, akhuthazelela amaqhwa ebusika kahle.
Amacwecwe amaLeaf akhulu.
Umuthi ufanelwe indima yesitshalo somama uma uhlambulula, uhlelo lwempande lubona kalula ukufakelwa endaweni entsha.
Izithelo zeBashkir Belfleur zinayo umumo ojikelezayo oval ohlangene. Umbala uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oqoshwe ngemicu ebomvu ebomvu kanye nama-speckles ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ubukhulu bama-apula buncane, kufika ku-150 g.
Ama-apula anesilinganiso sobude obuphakathi, esitshalwe ngokujulile emgodini womzimba wesithelo. Isidleke sembewu sincane ngamakamelo avaliwe, imbewu iphakathi.
I-pulp ecebile yama-apula inesakhiwo esimisiwe esihle, ukunambitheka okumnandi okomnandi ngephunga elimnandi elimnandi.
Isithombe
Umlando wokuzala
Okhokho abakhazinyulisiwe be-hybrid entsha Isi-Bashkir sihle kanye ne-hybrid evela emasimini omzalisi omkhulu I. Michurin - uBelfleur waseShayina.
Ukususwa kwe-varietal kwenzeka ngo-1938ngiyabonga Raisa Ippolitovna Bolotina.
Wayesebenza I-Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture futhi, kanye nabangane bakhe, baletha izinhlobo eziningi ezimangalisayo ze-apula, i-pear nezihlahla ze-currant.
Ngokweqile, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeBashkir zaseBelfleur zazibandakanya ngo-1991 futhi manje ziyaziwa kabanzi, ngokuvamile zitholakala emasimini aqoqeshwe ngesikhathi saseSoviet.
Isifunda sokukhula kwemvelo
I-hybrid ibongwe eBashkiria ukumelana okuphakathiamazing ubekezelela isomiso sehlobo.
Umuthi uveza izithelo ezinhle kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda kuze kube ngu-50 degrees enyakatho ye-latitude, i.e. efanele ukutshala ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia.
Ngokutshala kule ndawo, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zifanelekile: ama-Uralets, i-Yantar, i-Ural Bulk, i-Silver Hoof ne-Isetskoe kamuva.
Ukuthela
Isivuno esihle kakhulu (50-80 kg emthini) futhi kuhle ukuzinza nokuthutha izithelo ziye zaba yinye yemibandela yokusabalalisa kwezohwebo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zama-apula.
Ama-apula agcinwe ngokuqinile emagatsheni, athathe imimoya enamandla ngaphandle kwemvula engakafiki. Ukuqoqa izithelo kusukela ngo-September, kulondolozwe kahle kuze kuFebhuwari.
Izinhlobo ze-apula ezilandelayo zingenza isivuno esikhulu: Lobo, Antey, Lyubava, Kuybyshevskoe no-Imrus.
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi abakwaziyo ukutshala umuthi wesithelo. Sisebenzisa iseluleko sombelethi I. V. Michurin, esekelwe eminyakeni eminingi yemininingwane yalesi sosayensi omkhulu osebenzayo.
Imithetho embalwa ebalulekile yokufika:
Ukumba lonke icebo, elihlelelwe ukutshala izihlahla okungenani ama-screw 2 e-bayonet ngokujula noma ukulima nge-motor-block ngegeja.
Ukutshala okufiselekayo Imigomo eminyaka emibili.
Izihlahla ze-apple ze-Srednerosly esiqhingini zihlala emakhilomitha amane emitha ngokulandelana, ngesikhashana samamitha angu-6 phakathi kwemigqa.
Umgodi wokufika, ngeseluleko sikaMichurin, sidingeka 1 imitha ejulile futhi ebanzi, futhi phansi komgodi ulala umhlaba nge humusinqwaba enjalo.
Ingulube, ehlanjululwe ngaphambili kwamagxolo, amagatsha kanye nokungahambi kahle, ibanjwe phakathi kwegquma ibe ngaphansi komgodla oqinile. Ingqikithi yokulahlwa kwebumba ifakwe isihlahla, ngakho-ke intamo impande yaphakamisa iminwe emibili ngenhla yomhlabathi, nge-sediment yomhlabathi umuthi uzowa.
Ukutshala okujulile akudingekile, uma kunjalo, uma izinga lokufakelwa kwesitshalo lihambisana nezinga lokutshala kulesi sikole, kungenzeka futhi lukhuphuke kancane.
Izimpande zesitshalo kufanele ziqondiswe kabanzi emgodini wokutshala futhi ziqondiswe phansi. Imiphetho yempande ewonakele yi-presale-digging ingaphambi kokunqunywa ngommese obukhali.
Kuhle uma ungahlwanyeli (ubusuku obuphambili) izimpande zomuthi cindezela ngesisombululo sesigamu sobumba obuphuzi ne-droppings entsha yenkomo noma umanyolo omuhle we-liquid organic.
Emva kokutshala, umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu umhlabathi, bese kuthi amanzi adingekayo. (3-4 amabhakede amanzi). Ukunisela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa njalo ngesonto (ngesikhathi esomile).
Ukuze ugweme ukushiswa kwelanga, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubophe isihlahla ngotshani, ushiye umqhele (uma kukhona) noma 4-6 efihlekile phezulu.
Ukufika kungenzeka entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwamaqabunga okuqala, kanjalo futhi bawe, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, Okthoba (enehlabathi elaneleyo elomile, uma limile - lihlehlisele kuze kube kwentwasahlobo).
Ukushiya kuhlanganisa ukukhipha futhi ukuhlanza inhlabathi njalo ehlobo.
Izihlahla ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ubudala zinconywa ukusikaushiye 4-6 efihlekile kukho konke ukudubula okusha.
Ukudubula kumele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhamba kwamanzi, kungabonakala ngepende elilula lamafutha (akufanele libe namafutha, uphethiloli, i-diesel, njll).
Olunye umsebenzi wegadi:
- ngo-Ephreli, ukubeka nokubeka izihlahla ezonakaliswe yizinyosi kanye namagundane, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane zokuqala kwezinambuzane (aphid) - ukuphalaza ngamakhemikhali;
- ngoJulayi, ukusika izihlahla ezomile nezonakalisiwe, kukhululeka inhlabathi;
- utshani utshani ngo-Agasti;
- September ukumba izihlahla;
- ngoNovemba, ukunyathelisa iqhwa ezimpandeni zemithi, ukuvimbela amacilongo (hares kanye namagundane);
- ngoDisemba, ukubhujiswa kombimbi kushiya ama-hibernating emagqumeni enqwaba yamaqabunga.
Izifo nezinambuzane
I-Bashkir Belfleur ibonakele kakhulu yi:
I-Codling moth (izibungu zilimaza izithelo, zibambe iqhaza elikhulu). Ukuze ususe i-pinwort, ukupomfa kabili ngesisombululo semifino yaseParis (ubuhlungu obuqinile) ngokulingana kwama-100 g ngamabhukethi angu-16 ngamanzi ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza futhi ekuqaleni kukaJune, lapho i-ovary ifinyelela ubukhulu be-hazelnut, ifakwa.
Apple aphid. Ibhujiswa ngesisombululo se-200 g sensipho echotshoziwe yasemzimbeni kwelinye ibhakede lamanzi afudumele ngokufaka indebe eyodwa yomhluzi ogwayi ugwayi (shag), indebe yekotosene yehora elilodwa, umhlabathi nengqikithi yenxenye yomuthi okhuni. Kunconywa ukufaka amagatsha aphethwe igciwane lesikhumba ngaphakathi kwesikhumba kanye nenhlanganisela noma ukuwaphatha nge-bast noma ibhulashi elikhulu.
Scab, isifo sofungal, sibonakala njengokuqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emagqabeni aphelile esihlahla. Kususwe ngokusitshala izigulane ezigulayo nge-2% Bordeaux liquid ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenzeke ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwezinso nokuvela kwamahlumela.
Kufanelekile ukuthatha izinyathelo ngokumelene nesithelo samatshe, izimayini zokumba izimayini, ama-haws kanye nama-silkworms.
Ukukhula isivuno esihle sama-apula kuyiphupho lomlimi. Kuyinto yangempela uma utshala izinhlobo ezinhle zezithelo zezithelo. I-Bashkir Belfleur ingenye yalezi zinto.
Izinzuzo zayo zinambitheka kakhulu (sweet), medium frost ukumelana, isivuno high, transportability okuhle kanye nekhwalithi.
