Namhlanje, akukho apula ongakwenza ngaphandle kwama-apula. Lesi siko sijwayele kithi, esichazwe kumlando wezinganekwane, inganekwane, ama-epic kanye nezingoma. Ama-apula ezindaweni zethu zithandwa futhi adingekayo, athandwa kokubili okusha, nakwezinye izinto ezikhunjelwe noma amanye amalungiselelo.
Umlando wokuzalisa izinhlobo ze-apula "Iphupho"
Ezingxenyeni zethu, ubusika obubandayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi buvame kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi abafuyi baqhubeka bethuthukisa izitshalo zezithelo, beletha izinhlobo eziningi ngokumelene nezimo zezulu zesifunda sethu.
I-apple ehlukahlukene yehlobo "Mechta" yatholwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalimi bezitshalo eMikhurin Research Gardening Institute. Izinhlobonhlobo ezitholakala ngokudlula izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile - "iPapirovka" ne "Pepin Saffron."
"Iphupho" liye lafaka izimfanelo ezinhle kunazo zonke "zabazali" futhi namuhla yiyodwa yezinhlobonhlobo ze-apula enhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zobuntu "Iphupho"
Izinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-apula "Iphupho" - alinamakhaza, angabi ukwesaba izinguquko zokushisa, futhi ngokuchazwa okuningiliziwe kwezinhlobonhlobo kuvame ukuphawula, nokuphikisana kwayo nezifo.
Incazelo yomuthi
Isiqu se-apula siqinile futhi siqondile ngomqhele we-branched womumo ojikeleziwe. Ikhula masinyane futhi ingabi nefomu, ngakho-ke idinga ukusika izihlahla njalo, okuvimbela ukuqina kwayo.
Umbala wegxolo unombala obomvu, futhi amahlumela amancane ahlukaniswa nomthunzi omnyama obuluhlaza. Apple "Dream" isitshalo esiphansi - ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela kumamitha amabili nengxenye. Ngemuva kokutshala ngezimpande zezinhlobo zemithi, izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili.
Kuyathakazelisa Imvelaphi yegama lesiNgisi elithi "apple", elisho ukuthi "apple", lihlotshaniswa negama elithi Apollo. Unkulunkulu wasendulo wesiGreki waletha ama-apula eziphoweni, futhi umuthi uqobo wawubhekwa njengesitshalo sikaNkulunkulu.
Incazelo yezithelo
Izithelo ze-apula zichazwe zizungezile, futhi zinemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nakuba kubonakala ukuthi i-pink blotches ivela lapho izithelo zivuthwa. Iningi lama-apula "Iphupho" ibanga kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-200 amagremu. Inyama iyamanzi, ishukela futhi iyangena, ine-pink hue epholile.
Iphunga alilona elibi kakhulu, kepha ukunambitheka kuphakeme: ngezinga eliyisihlanu, iphunga eliqabulayo elimnandi elilinganiselwe lilinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-4.5. Ama-apula nawo ayasiza njengomkhiqizo wokudla - okuqukethwe kwawo kwe-caloric kuphela 40 k / ikalitha ngalinye ngamagremu angu-100 omkhiqizo. Ekubunjweni kwama-apula "Iphupho" - 9.8 amagremu ama-carbohydrate, ama-gramu angu-0.4 amaprotheni, ama-86.3 amagremu amanzi, ama-gramu ayisishiyagalolunye ayishukela.
Uyazi? I-United States ingumthengisi omkhulu kakhulu wama-apula ngemuva kweChina. Kuze kube yizinhlobo zezithelo zezinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye kuleli zwe. Umbala we-Apple uphawu olusemthethweni lombuso waseMichigan, futhi izithelo zelanga zelanga lokuqala ezivela eMelika kwakunguNewton Pippin.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela zezinhlobo zama-apula "Iphupho"
Izinzuzo ezingenakulinganiswa zihlanganisa ubumnandi obubusika obuhle izinhlobo ze-apula "Iphupho". Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe Umbala okhangayo wezithelo kanye nokunambitheka kwabo okuphezulu. Izinhlobonhlobo ukuzivikela okuhle kwezifo ze-fungalfuthi hhayi ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezivamile.
Ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula akuhlanganiswa nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ukunakekelwa kwesitshalo. Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekene nokuqhathaniswa, futhi isivuno se-apula yephupho sinesithakazelo esikhulu kubalimi: kusuka emthini omdala, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 kg yezithelo.
Izinkinga ezinkulu ezihlukahlukene zibizwa ngokuthi isitoreji esifushane sokuvuna, imvamisa yefruiting ngenxa yezimo zezulu (isomiso noma kubanda kakhulu), izithelo zokuqhekeka, Ukungahambisani kahle ne-clone rootstocks.
Amathiphu okutshala okufanele ama-apula izithombo "Iphupho"
Izihlahla ze-apula ehlobo, i-loam noma inhlabathi eyisihlabathi esinomhlabathi zifaneleka kangcono, futhi uma endaweni yomhlabathi omnyama, i-acidity yayo kufanele ihambisane namanani we-pH ka-5.6-6.0, futhi inhlabathi kufanele ivuleke.
Lapho kungcono ukutshala i-apula
Ngokuba "Iphupho" lihambisana nezindawo ezikhanyisiwe. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele atholakale asondelene kakhulu nomhlabathi, ngoba ukunqwabelana komswakama kulimaza kuphela uhlelo lwempande lomuthi we-apula. Akudingekile ukutshala isihlahla ezindaweni eziphansi lapho ama-meltwater eqoqa khona.
Izinqubo zokulungiselela ngaphambi kokufika
Iviki ngaphambi kokutshala umuthi weDreams, abalimi balungiselela umgodi we-seedling. Ingaphansi komgodi kufanele ikhululwe kahle futhi ifakwe ingxube ye-eggshell ne-humus, umquba wamaminerali (superphosphate, nitrogen ne-potassium), ungqimba lomhlabathi onomsoco.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo ezincane
Umgodi wokutshala kufanele ube ngamamitha ayi-1x1 ngosayizi, futhi ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo ngokwawo lingakwazi ukufinyelela amamitha amane. Ngaphambi kokutshala, phansi komgodi uswakanyiswe kahle, emva kwalokho isithombo sabekwa ukuze intamo impande ibe yizinhlanu ezinhlanu ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Emva kokuba izimpande zibekwa, zimbozwa umhlaba.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokutshala, isithombo sinconywa ukuthi sibophe ekusekeleni nasemanzini, kodwa hhayi kakhulu.
Amathiphu wokunakekela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-apula "Iphupho"
I-Apple "Dream" kufanele ikhule eduze nezinye izihlahla ze-apula ezingaba ngumuthi wokuvota.
Ukuvimbela nokuvikelwa kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane
Isihlahla se-Apple "Iphupho" futhi ekutshalweni nasekunakekeleni kuwukungahlaziyi. Liye lathuthukiswa kahle izindawo zokuzivikela ezibhekene nezifo, ukuze ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane nezifo kungase kube yinto evikelayo. Ngaphambi kokwakheka kwefihlekile, kukwanele ukufuthola inhlabathi ngamafungicides bese uphinda inqubo emva kokuvuna.
Ukunisela, ukusiphawula nokukhipha inhlabathi
Ukuchelela ngokucophelela kufanele kuhlolwe ngenkathi ukwakhiwa kwesithelo, ngoba ukuntula umswakama kuzonciphisa isivuno futhi kuthinte usayizi kanye nokunambitheka kwezithelo.
Umuthi we-apula uphuziswa izikhathi ezine ngenyanga, ulethe ibhakede lensiza ngaphansi komuthi ngamunye.
Ukuphunga umjikelezo wesitshalo nxazonke zomuthi kubalulekile, ngoba ukhula olusondelene ndawonye luthatha izakhi ezivela emthini we-apula. Ungakhohlwa ngokukhulula inhlabathi, okuzohlinzeka ngokufinyelela emoyeni ohlelweni lwempande.
Umanyolo
Ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ze-apula ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, kudinga umquba we-nitrogenous. Entwasahlobo, izimpande zokugqoka zenziwa nge-urea noma i-nitroamophos. Umanyolo ungasetshenziswa futhi ebusika, kodwa kuphela okungenayo i-nitrogen.
Ukuhlangana komhlabathi
Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila komuthi, inhlabathi ejikeleze isiqu idinga umquba nomqubalokho kuzosindisa uhlelo lwezinsana ezincane ngokuqandisa ebusika.
I-apple yokusika izilimi
Ukusika izihlahla ngokufanelekile kunikeza ithuba lokuthuthukisa amagatsha aqinile, futhi awuvumeli ukuqina komqhele, ongakuhlakulela amabhaktheriya we-pathogenic kanye nezibungu ezinambuzane.
Izihlahla zokuqala zikhishwa ngamapulangwe anonyaka owodwa ubudala, ukunciphisa amahlumela ngengxenye yesithathu yobude bawo. Inqubo yokusika izihlahla zitholakala entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivule. Kudingekile ukuba unciphise umqhele minyaka yonke, ukususa amahlumela ezikhulayo ezikhulayo nokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagatsha athuthukile. Futhi kumele zisuswe amagatsha abuthakathaka nabonakalisiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ungafaki igatsha lesithelo. Kodwa uma usika amagatsha ngokuphelele, bese uwasika ngaphansi kwesiqu, ungashiyi i-hemp.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa nokugcina ama-apula ezinhlobonhlobo "Iphupho"
Izithelo zivuthwe ngo-Agasti, kodwa isitoreji se-apple sephupho asisinde. Izithelo ezintsha zingahlala zize zifike ngo-Okthoba, futhi ekamelweni lapho izithelo zishiywa khona kumele zingabi manzi futhi zipholile. Ngisho emswakama ophansi, isikhumba singabonakala futhi silahlekelwe ukubonakala kwayo.
Ngenxa yokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu, ukusebenzisa ama-apula kuye kwazuza ukuthandwa okubanzi. Akulungele ukulungiselela amalungiselelo ebusika: ujamu, ujamu, imishayo, ama-syrups, ama-compotes namajusi. Futhi kusukela ezitshalweni zenza ukupheka okubabayo okumnandi: amaqebelengwane, ama-pie, ama-charlottes, ama-strudels.
I-asidi yama-apula yenza kube lula ukupheka i-dessert ephansi kakhulu ye-calert - ama-marshmallow, nama-mousses nama-jellies, ama-marmalades nama-marshmallows athenda kakhulu. Ebusika, ungalondoloza ijusi, okuzoba umthombo obalulekile wamavithamini.
Ama-apula ashuni awusizo futhi anambitheka, ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa i-sauerkraut noma engeziwe kuma-saladi ebusika, yenza ama-sauces amnandi.
Lesi sihloko siqukethe lonke ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zama-apula "I-Dream", engakusiza kuwe ekutshaleni lezi zithelo ezinhle futhi eziwusizo.
