I-Goat-Dereza: Konke Okuphathelene Nezinhlobo Ezidumile Zekholifulawa

I-Cauliflower engadini yabalimi baseRussia ijwayelekile, kodwa nokho ivame kakhulu ukwedlula imhlophe yendabuko. Abaningi, ikakhulukazi abaqalayo, abafuni ukulima isiko elingavamile, besaba ubunzima obungenakunqotshwa ukuze balinakekele. Kuyiqiniso, ikholifulawa iyadingeka kakhulu futhi ayinasizungu ukwedlula iklabishi elimhlophe, kepha akukho lutho olungaphezu kwendalo oludingeka kumlimi. Ngenxa yokusebenza ngokungakhathali kwabafuyi ezitolo, imbewu yesitshalo yethulwa ngendlela enhlobonhlobo. Impumelelo yakamuva ifaka i-Cosa Dereza ehlukahlukene, leyo abalimi abalwazisa ngokushesha.

Ngabe kubukeka kanjani ikholifulawa yezinhlama zeMbuzi Dereza?

Uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa kunconyelwe ukulinyelwa esimweni sezulu esifudumele kuRejista Yezwe Yombuso waseRussia kufaka izinto ezingaphezu kuka-140. Kepha akubona bonke abantu abadumile. Phakathi kokufinyelelwa okuzuziwe nokwaphumelela kakhulu kwabafuyi bezinhlobo zohlobo lweKoz-Dereza. Umsunguli yinkampani yembewu ye-biotechnology. Wafakwa Kwirejista Yombuso ngonyaka we-2007 futhi waba omunye wezintandokazi phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo baseRussia.

I-Koza-Dereza - inhlobonhlobo yekholifulawa esanda yathandeka phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia

Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa njengasekuqaleni. Kusukela ekubukekeni kwezithombo kuya ekuvuthweni kwamakhanda eklabishi, kudlula izinsuku eziyikhulu, kusukela esikhathini sokutshala izithombo kuya ekuvuneni - izinsuku ezingama-55-70. Noma ngabe kunesimo sezulu esifudumele, lapho utshala imbewu nezithombo “ngamagagasi” ambalwa, ungathatha izitshalo ezi-2-3 ngesizini.

I-rosette ye-cauliflower Cosa Dereza icompact impela, kepha amaqabunga anamandla, aqonde ngqo phezulu. Ingaphezulu lazo ligobekile, unqenqema lubanzi. Umbala uluhlaza ngombala ohlaza grey. Isendlalelo esincanyana sokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka siyakhona.

I-rosette yamaqabunga eklabishi yezinhlobonhlobo zeKosa-Dereza icacile, kepha amaqabunga anamandla

Ukukhishwa ngakunye kunamaqabunga angama-20-25. Ikhanda lifihlwe ingxenye yabo. Iyindilinga ngesimo, i-convex kancane, ayixineki kakhulu. Iklabishi libukeka kakhulu, amakhanda eklabishi aqondaniswe. Isisindo esijwayelekile sazo ngasinye singama-0.6-0.8 kg, kepha "abadlali" abanesisindo esiyi-3-4 kg nabo bayavuthwa. Abalimi abaphumelele ikakhulu bakwazile ukukhula amakhanda weklabishi angama-6,6,5-kilogram. Ama-inflorescence abemhlophe qhwa, aminyene, kepha aqhamile futhi anethenda. Noma ikhanda liklabishi lisikiwe, aligcini “ukubhoboka”.

Amaqabunga weKosa-Dereza alima kancane amboze ama-inflorescence

Isivuno esijwayelekile singu-3.2 kg / m². Inzuzo engabazeki yezinhlobonhlobo ukuvuthwa kokuhle kwamakhanda weklabishi, okukuvumela ukuba uwasuse ngasikhathi. Izithelo uKozza Dereza uqinile, noma ngabe isimo sezulu ehlobo singalungelanga iklabishi ekhulayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zine "plastikiity" yemvelo ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthola ukuhlwitha okubandayo kuya ku-10 ° C ngaphandle kokulimazeka yena.

Isithelo eklabishi lezinhlobonhlobo zeKoz-Dereza muhle kakhulu, amakhanda avuthwa kanyekanye

Inhloso yeklabishi yalokhu okuhlukahlukene ikukonke. I-Goat-Dereza ilungele zonke izinhlobo zezitsha eziphambili, namalungiselelo enziwe ekhaya, nokwenzelwe ukuqandisa. Ibaluleke ngokunambitheka kwayo. Kokubili abadala nezingane bathanda iklabishi. Amazambane agcotshwe kuwo angasetshenziswa ukuqala ukondla izingane ezisencane.

Ikholifulawa ayimpilo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi inambitheka kakhulu

Njenganoma yimuphi ukholifulawa, ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kweKose-Deresa, izimo ezithile ziyadingeka. Isiko liyakubekezelela ukwehla kwesikhashana kwezinga lokushisa, kepha uma lishona ngaphansi kuka -10 ° C isikhathi eside, iklabishi liyaqhuma ekukhuleni. Leli siko lithanda umswakama, libekezelela isomiso kabi, liyeke ukukhula. Kepha ungeke uhambe kakhulu ngokunisela - lokhu kuthinta kabi ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen ezimpandeni. Ngokuvamile, i-cauliflower ithanda ukuqina, ayithandi izinguquko ezishisayo zokushisa, umswakama.

Kumalungiselelo enziwe ekhaya, iklabishi likaKosa-Dereza ligcina ama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa

Izinga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu lehlobo lolu ngu-16-18ºС. Uma kubanda, amakhanda aba mancane, acekeceke, alahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo. Ku-25 ° C nangaphezulu, isitshalo empeleni siyama ekuthuthukisweni, ama-inflorescence angaba "okukhululekile".

Iklabishi Goat-Dereza lingesigaba sezinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala, ngesikhathi sonyaka ungaphumelela ukuvuna izilimo ezi-2-3

Ividiyo: Ukuchazwa kakholifulawa umlimi uKozza Dereza

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isiko iMedithera. E-Russia, akazange athathe izimpande isikhathi eside ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthanda ukushisa. Kepha konke kuguqukile ngaphansi kukaCatherine II, lapho isazi sezolimo sasezolimo esifundisa u-A. Bolotov siletha uhlobo oluvimbela isithwathwa olungaletha izilimo esimweni sezulu esifudumele.

Iklabishi leKosa-Dereza linothile ngamavithamini kanye nama-microelements adingekayo empilweni yomuntu ejwayelekile. Okuqaphelekile ikakhulukazi i-Vitamin U, kanye namavithamini A, C, D, E, K, H, PP, iqembu lonke B. Lezinto ezilandelwayo - i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-fluorine, i-cobalt, ithusi. Futhi konke lokhu okuqukethwe okuphansi ngokwekhalori ngokweqile - kungama-8-10 kcal kuphela nge-100 g. I-Cauliflower ibaluleke kakhulu kulabo abalandela ukudla, bezama ukunciphisa umzimba. Ine-fiber yokugaya kalula, ekuvumela ukuthi "ukhohlise" umzimba, okwenza umuzwa wokugcwala ngenxa yokugcwaliswa kwesisu. Ngendlela, le fiber inethenda kakhulu. Igayeka kalula noma kukhona izifo zezifo ze-emathunjini, okufaka izilonda kanye ne-gastritis esiteji esibi.

I-inflorescences yeklabishi yezinhlobonhlobo ze-Koza-Dereza iminyene kakhulu, kodwa inoshukela

Ngendlela, ukholifulawa kuqhathaniswa nosawolintshi ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kukavithamini C. I-50 g kuphela yomkhiqizo yanele ukwanelisa imfuneko yansuku zonke yomzimba. Isici esihlukile sesiko ukuba khona kwe-biotin. Lo muthi ongajwayelekile uyasiza ukuvimba ukuthuthuka futhi usize ekwelapheni izifo eziningi zesikhumba, futhi ulusizo kakhulu ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwe-cauliflower kusiza ukuqeda ukucindezelwa obekukhona, ingcindezi, ukuqina kokukhathala okungapheli, ukuhlaselwa kokukhathazeka okungenasizathu. Le imifino iyadingeka nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Amavithamini e-Folic acid nama-B ukuvimbela okusebenzayo kokulimala kokukhula kwengane.

Kukhona ukuphambana. Ukuqapha kufanele kuqale ukusebenzisa i-cauliflower uma wazi ukuthi uthambekele ekuphenduleni komzimba. Ngobuningi obuncane, kudliwa ngezinkinga ngama-joints, umchamo noma i-cholelithiasis. Kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukufaka lokhu imifino ekudleni kokulimala kwe-purine metabolism.

Ividiyo: Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zekholifulawa

Ukulungiswa kokufika

Izinga le-substrate Koza-Dereza lenza izimfuno eziphezulu. Njenganoma iyiphi ikholifulawa, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande lwenziwa ngaphansi, alunamibono. Itholakala ngaphansi komhlaba kungama-25-40 cm kuphela. Inketho engcono kakhulu yesiko le ivundile, kepha inamanzi amaningi nenhlabathi evunyelwe ukungathathi hlangothi noma okusuka ku-acid acid base (chernozem, grey Earth, loam). Akukwazi ukukhulisa iKozu-Dereza enhlabathini we-acid noma usawoti, kanye nasendaweni engaphezulu efana nexhaphozi.

I-humus ingeniswa enhlabathini ukukhulisa ukuzala kwayo

I-Cauliflower inesimo esibi kakhulu maqondana ne-acidization yenhlabathi ezimpandeni. Baqala ukubola ngokushesha, umlimi ulahlekelwa kakhulu noma konke okutshaliwe. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokukhula kokubola, ungatshali uKozu-Dereza ezindaweni lapho amanzi asemhlabathini asondela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi eduze kwemitha, noma ezindaweni eziphansi. Amanzi emvula emi lapho isikhathi eside, umswakama, nomoya obandayo uqongelela.

Ukulungiswa kombhede weklabishi kuqala ekwindla. Inhlabathi yemba ngokucophelela, ngasikhathi sinye ikhetha zonke izitshalo nezinye udoti. Ngenqubo, konke okudingekayo kuyangezwa: i-humus noma umquba ojikelezayo (15-20 kg / m²) ukukhulisa ukuzala, ufulawa we-dolomite noma amaqanda amaqanda afakwe amandla (200-400 g / m²) ukuze kubuyiswe ibhalansi ye-acid-base, i-superphosphate elula ne-potassium sulfate (ngokulandelana i-140-160 g ne-100-120 g) - ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngama-macroelements adingekayo ukukhula nokukhula. Labo abathanda ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwemvelo bangathatha indawo yokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe (0.8-1 l / m²).

Umbhede wokutshala ukholifulawa uqala ukulungiswa ekwindla

Entwasahlobo, cishe amasonto angama-2-3 ngaphambi kokwehla okulindelekile, umbhede uthukululwe kahle. Uma Umanyolo ungazange usetshenziswe selokhu kuwele, iphutha lilungiswa. Ngokudingakalayo kudingeka i-humus kanye nokulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (Azofoska, Nitrofoska, Diammofoska) kumthamo onconywe ngumenzi. Umquba omusha awunakwa ngokuphelele. Igcwala inhlabathi nge-nitrogen, futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi ukungavikeleki kwesitshalo. Enye ingozi engenzeka ukwethula amaqanda nezibungu zezinambuzane, izinsalela zesikhunta se-pathogenic zingene emhlabathini.

Ufulawa weDolomite - ukungabi nemiphumela emibi ngenkathi ubheka umthamo we-deoxidizer

Isobala ngokukhanyisa ukholifulawa. Ngisho ne-penumbra ekhanyayo ayihambelani nalesi siko. Indawo kufanele ivuleke, ikhanyiswe kahle yilanga, kepha kuyadingeka ukuvikeleka kokubhaliwe okungabanda kanye nokuvunguza komoya ngokuzumayo. Noma yisiphi isithiyo esenziwe umuntu noma esingokwemvelo esingasifihli umbhede sizobhekana nalo msebenzi. Kufanele futhi wazi ukuthi ikholifulawa yisitshalo esinezinsuku ezimfushane. Uma amahora okukhanya kwemini egcina amahora angama-12 noma ngaphezulu, ama-inflorescences akha ngokushesha okukhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye awamnandi kakhulu futhi "ayathandeka" kakhulu.

Ikholifulawa itshalwa kuphela ezindaweni ezivulekile

Ungakhohlwa ngokujikeleza kwezitshalo. I-Cauliflower ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaCrciferous, futhi noma yiziphi "izihlobo" zayo zingabanduleli ababi. Emva kwezinye izinhlobo iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo, rutabaga, itheniphu, daikon, singatshalwa embhedeni efanayo akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-3-4. Kunconywa ukuthi kukhule iKozzu-Dereza lapho izindunduma, isolanaceae, ithanga, u-anyanisi, ugarlic, izaqathe, imifino ikhule ngaphambi kwalokho. Njalo ngonyaka, noma okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, idluliselwa endaweni entsha.

Ama-radad, njengamanye ama-Crucifers, angamanduleli amabi wekholifulawa

Ikholifulawa kusuka imbewu kanye izithombo zayo

I-Caussa-Dereza cauliflower ingatshalwa enhlabathini nezithombo, kanye nembewu, kodwa iningi labalimi balisebenzisa ngendlela yokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yezimpawu zesimo sezulu kanye nokungaqiniseki kwesimo sezulu iningi leRussia.

Imbewu yeCauliflower ingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini, kepha engxenyeni enkulu yeRussia, ngenxa yezimo zesimo sezulu, kwenziwa indlela yokutshala izilimo ezikhulayo

Ngokuya ngesifunda esithile, imbewu ihlwanyelwa izithombo ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Izithombo azikhulisi ngokushesha okukhulu; zilungele ukudluliselwa endaweni engapheli ezinsukwini ezingama-40 ngemuva kokuvela, engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele zikhule zibe ngu-15-18 cm ukuphakama futhi zibe namaqabunga ayi-4-5 eqiniso.

I-rosette yamaqabunga eGoat-Dereza icacile, kodwa le iklabishi ayithandi ukuqunjelwa. Itshalwe embhedeni, ishiye amasentimitha angama-50 phakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze, phakathi kwemigqa - 40-45 cm. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlanyelweni nakwizithombo. Akufanele uzame ukonga isikhala nokubeka ukholifulawa ngaphansi kwezihlahla zezithelo - ngokuya ngokuthola ukudla emhlabathini, akuzona izimbangi zokuncintisana, kepha umuthi udala isithunzi esingathandeki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banombuso wokunisela ohluke ngokuphelele.

Abalimi abanolwazi bayitshala hhayi yonke ikholifishi ngasikhathi sinye, kepha "amaza" angu-2-3 ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi unwebe isikhathi sokuzala.

Ukuze uthuthukise ukuhluma, imbewu ibekwa ngaphambili. Inketho elula kunazo zonke ukubamba isitsha sebhethri ibhethri kuze kube yilapho libopha, noma kusonga ngendwangu elunyulwe ngamanzi okushisa egumbi noma ngesixazululo se-pink pot ye-potanganum permanganate. Ukusula kumele kuhlale kumanzi njalo. Ungasebenzisa futhi noma iyiphi i-biostimulant (i-Epin, i-Emistim-M, i-potassium humate, ijusi le-aloe, i-presinic acid).

I-Epin - enye yama-biostimulants ajwayelekile

Kunendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Imbewu ikota yehora icwilisa ku-thermos enamanzi ashisayo (45-50ºС), bese kuthi imizuzu embalwa igxishwe esitsheni esinomkhuhlane. Ngemuva kwalokho zihlanganiswa ne-peat emanzi noma isihlabathi bese zigcinwa esiqandisini ebusuku isonto lonke, bese zidluliselwa endaweni efudumele kakhulu efulethini usuku.

Ukulungiselela imbewu ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuthinta kahle ukuhluma kwazo

Isigaba sokugcina - ukubeka imizuzu eyi-15 kwisisombululo se-biofungicide (Fitosporin-M, Bactofit, Fitolavin). Le mishanguzo ichitha isikhunta esiningi se-pathogenic, futhi noma yimuphi ukholifulawa utholakala kalula kulezi zifo. Ngaphambi kokuba wehliswe, zigezwa ngamanzi agobhozayo bese zomiswa zisesimweni sokugeleza kwamanzi.

Izithombo zeCauliflower zikhula ngokuya nge-algorithm elandelayo:

1. Izinkomishi ze-Peat ezinobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10 zigcwaliswa nge-substrate elungiselelwe. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa iziqukathi ezinjalo ngqo, okuthi esikhathini esizayo kuzovumela ukugwema ukukhetha kanye nokufakelwa. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezithombo luthambile kakhulu. Inhlabathi ithengwa esitolo noma ilungiswe ngokuzimeleyo ingxubevange ngokulinganayo okulingana kwe-humus, peat, umhlaba ovundile nesihlabathi esihlanganayo. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, i-substrate kumele ihlanzwe futhi ifake isipuni somlotha wokhuni noma i-carbon powder kuwo wonke amalitha ama-2. Lokhu ukuvikela okusebenzayo kokuthuthukiswa 'komlenze omnyama'.
   

   Amabhodwe we-Peat agwema ukulimala ezimpandeni zekholifishi - izitshalo zidluliselwa engadini kanye nesiqukathi

2. Cishe ihora ngaphambi kwenqubo, inhlabathi emabhodweni inyenyiswa ngokulinganisela. Imbewu itshalwa izingcezu ezi-3-4 esitsheni ngasinye, zingcwatshwe ngu-0.5-1 cm. Fafaza ngesihlabathi esihle ngaphezulu. Izimbiza zigoqwe ngocwecwe noma zibekwe ngaphezulu kwengilazi ukudala “abamba ukushisa”.
   

   “Ukushisa okuluhlaza” okutshalwe imbewu ekholifulawa kuvulwa nsuku zonke imizuzu engu-5-7 ukuze kuphume umoya futhi ukhiphe i-condensate
3. Kuze kube amahlumela okuqala, iziqukathi zigcinwa ebumnyameni ngamazinga okushisa we-20-22ºС. Masinyane ngemuva kokubukeka kwabo, sincishiswa kakhulu ku-8-10 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye no-5-6 ° C ebusuku. Kule modi, izithombo zikhona isonto lonke. Kunzima ukudala lezi zimo efulethini ngaphandle kokubandlulula izakhamuzi zalo, ngakho-ke kungakuhle ukuhambisa amabhodwe ku-loggia ekhanyisiwe. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, izinga lokushisa liphakanyiselwa ku-13-16 ° C. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukukhanyisa. Uma kungekho ukukhanya kwemvelo okwanele ukuhlinzeka ngamahora angama-10-12 adingekayo ngosuku (futhi ezingxenyeni eziningi zeRussia kunjalo), ukholifulawa likhanyiswa nge-fluorescent, i-LED noma i-phytolamp ekhethekile. Amahlumela aniselwa njalo, kodwa kancane, ukuvimbela i-substrate ukuthi yome ukuphuma. Kungcono ukusebenzisa ngezikhathi ezithile isixazululo esipinki esibomvana se-potassium permanganate esikhundleni samanzi endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
   

   Izithombo zeCauliflower zidinga izimo ezifanele zokukhula kahle

4. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, izithombo zondliwa kabili - esigabeni seqabunga langempela lesibili nangemva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10-12. Isixazululo sezakhi singalungiswa ngokuzimela ngokufaka kwilitha lamanzi engu-2,5-3 g ye-nitrogen, 2 g ye-phosphorus ne-1.5-2 g yomanyolo we-potassium. Ayikho into embi kakhulu ngemikhiqizo yesitolo ekhethekile (iRostock, Kemira-Lux, Mortar). Ngaphambi kokondla kokuqala, kuqale ukwenziwa isigaxa, kushiya enye yezithombo embizeni eyodwa, enamandla kakhulu futhi ithuthukisiwe. Okuseleyo, ukuze kungalimazi izimpande zayo, kuyanqunywa noma kubabhincize eduze komhlaba uqobo.
   

   IRostock ngumanyolo odumile owenzelwe izithombo
5. Izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngaphambi kokwehla, kuqalelwa lukhuni. Izithombo zikhipha umoya omusha, ngokunwebisa isikhathi esichithwa ngaphandle zisuka emahoreni angama-1-2 ziye ngosuku lonke. Ezinsukwini zokugcina ezingama-2-3, iklabishi ize “ilale” emgwaqweni.
   

   Ukulima ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini kusiza ukholifulawa ukusheshe uhambisane nezimo zokuphila endaweni entsha

Ividiyo: ukutshala imbewu ekholifulawa yezithombo bese unakekela ezinye izithombo

Akufanele ukubambezeleka ngokufika komhlaba ovulekile. Izithombo ezikhule kakhulu zivumelaniswa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila, zivame ukwakha amakhanda amancane axegayo noma "aziqhakaze" nhlobo.

Ngenqubo, khetha usuku olungashisi. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngokuhambisana nephethini yokutshala, izimbobo ezi-10 cm kujula zenziwa futhi zichithwa kahle ngamanzi ukuze iklabishi litshalwe “odakeni”. Ngezansi faka i-humus encane, ithisipuni le-superphosphate elula (ukholifulawa lifunwa ngokukhethekile kokuqukethwe kwe-phosphorus enhlabathini) kanye no-anyanisi husks (iphunga elingafanele lixosha izilokazane eziningi).

Izithombo zingcwatshwa enhlabathini ziye ezingxenyeni zokuqala zamaqabunga e-cotyledon. "Umongo" kumele uhlale ebusweni. Ngemuva kwalokho izihlahla ziniselwa ngokulinganayo futhi zifafazwe nge-humus noma i-peat crumb ezansi kwesiqu. Kuze kube yilapho izitshalo sezina izimpande, zibeka uthango phezu kwazo ukuze zivikele elangeni eliqondile. Ungavala nekholifulawa ngamagatsha wefir, izihloko zamaphepha.

Izithombo zeCauliflower zingcwatshwa enhlabathini ziye emaqabunga angaphansi kwamaqabunga

Lapho ukutshala ngqo enhlabathini, ukulungiswa kwembewu nakho kuyenziwa. Zitshalwe emithonjeni elungiselelwe izingcezu ezimbalwa, zijula ​​ngo-2-3 cm nokufafaza isihlabathi phezulu. Inhlabathi ngalesi sikhathi ekujuleni kuka-10 cm kufanele ifudumale ifinyelele ku-10-12ºС. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uhlele ukufika ngaphambi kweminyaka eyishumi kaMay ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile futhi ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli lapho kufudumele khona.

Ukutshala imbewu yekholiflower emhlabathini yenziwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele zaseningizimu

Ngaphambi kokuvela (kuzothatha cishe isonto), umbhede uqiniswe ngefilimu. Lapho nje kuvela izithombo, ama-arc afakwa ngaphezulu kwawo futhi avale nganoma iyiphi impahla emhlophe evunyelwe umoya (i-agril, i-lutrasil, i-spanbond). Bayihlanza ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu.

Indwangu esembozo izovikela amahlumela wekholifulawa kusuka elangeni eliqondile nasekupholiseni okungenzeka

Ukunakekela izithombo akuhlukile kakhulu kulokho okudingwa yizithombo ekhaya. Ziyaniselwa futhi ngokulinganisela njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lomile wenhlabathi (imvamisa yanele njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5), ziyondliwa futhi ziboshelwe ngasikhathi sinye. Umbhede udinga ukhula njalo ukhululwe ngokucophelela. Ukuze uvikeleke njengamapheya abethelwa emhlolweni, izithombo ezisanda kuvela ezineminyaka engu-10 - 12 zigqitshwa ngengxube yomlotha wezinkuni, amashipsi kagwayi kanye nopelepele obomvu womhlabathi.

Iziphakamiso Zokukhathalela Izitshalo

I-Cauliflower iyidabukisa kakhulu kuneklabishi elimhlophe, kodwa uma udala izimo ezifanele zokuthuthuka, ngeke idinge noma yini eyinkimbinkimbi evela kumgcini wegadi. Umbhede ukhula, ukhululwe amahlandla ama-2-3 ngeviki, kodwana ngokucophelela, ukuya ekujuleni okungadluli ku-7-8 cm - uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo luyinto engasho lutho. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-6-8 ngemuva kokudlulisela izithombo emhlabathini. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kepha akubona bonke abalimi abathola leli thuba.

Ukunisela

Ukunisela i-Goat-Dereza kubalulekile. I-Cauliflower idinga kakhulu amanzi ngenkathi kwakhiwa ama-inflorescences. Ungavumeli inhlabathi yomile ezimpandeni. Kodwa ukuthambisa kakhulu kuyingozi futhi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande zokubola.

Kungcono ukunisela ukholifulawa ngokufafaza, kuhambise imvula yemvelo. Ngakho-ke ungamanzisa inhlabathi ngokulinganayo. Uma kungekho kungenzeka kwezobuchwepheshe, amanzi athululelwa eziseleni phakathi kwemigqa ye-landings, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sesiqu. Izimpande, zingenalutho, zoma ngokushesha.

I-Cauliflower yisiko elithanda umswakama, futhi lokhu kusebenza ezitshalweni zalo, nakwizitshalo ezindala

Izithombo ezincane ziniselwa okungenani kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, zisebenzisa amalitha ama-7-8 amanzi nge-1 m². Cishe inyanga ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini, izikhala phakathi kwezinqubo ziyanda kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-4-6, futhi umthamo wamanzi ufinyelela ku-10-12 l / m². Impela, konke lokhu kulungiswa kwesimo sezulu esasemgwaqweni. Ekushiseni okukhulu, amakhanda namaqabunga kungenziwa kufafazwe ngebhodlela lokufafaza kusihlwa selishonile ilanga.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

IGoat-Dereza yizinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa. Okwakhe, okuphakelayo okungu-3-4 ngesizini kunokwanele. Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo yenziwa emavikini amabili emva kokudlulisela izithombo engadini, okulandelayo - kube nesikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-12-16.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwentuthuko, isiko lidinga i-nitrogen yokusiza iklabishi kahle ekwakheni isisindo esiluhlaza. IMbuzi-Dereza iniselwa ngesisombululo sanoma yimuphi umanyolo weNitrogen (ongu-10-15 g nge-10 wamalitha wamanzi) noma umquba omusha wenkomo, imisele yenyoni, noma ikuphi ukhula olukhula esizeni (amaqabunga e-nettle kanye ne-dandelion asetshenziswa kakhulu).

I-Urea, njengamanye umanyolo we-nitrogen, isetshenziswa emhlabathini, ibheka ngokuqinile umthamo onconyelwe.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukungawudlulisi nge-nitrogen. Ngomthamo ofanele, siwusizo kulesi sitshalo, kodwa ngokweqile kwalesi macrocell enhlabathini, ukungasebenzi komzimba kwesitshalo kuyancipha, ikholifulawa ayakhi amakhanda kahle, ama-nitrate aqongelela kuma-inflorescence.

Ukufakwa kweNettle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kuhlungiwe futhi kufakwe emanzini ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 8

Ukondla kwesibili nokulandelayo - phosphorus ne-potassium. Umthombo wemvelo walezi macronutrients yi-ash ash. Isetjenziswa zombili ngesimo esomile nangendlela yokumilisela. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-superphosphate elula ne-potassium sulfate (25-30 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Zihlanganiswe nomanyolo okhethekile weklabishi (Kristalin, Kemira-Lux, Novofert, Master).

I-Goat-Dereza, njenganoma iyiphi i-cauliflower, idinga i-boron ne-molybdenum ukuze ikhule. Ngokuntuleka kwayo, amakhanda aphenduka ansundu, athi "crumble". Ngakho-ke, okungenani kanye ngenyanga, kufafazwa ngesisombululo somuthi okhethekile. Ungayipheka ngokwakho, unciphise ilitha lamanzi u-1-2 g we-ammonium molybdenum acid ne-boric acid.

Ividiyo: Izeluleko Zokunakekelwa Kwekholifulawa

Mhlophe

I-cauliflower emhlophe qhwa ibukeka kahle ngombala obomvana, onsundu noma obomvu. Ukushintsha kombala kubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyama nayo ithola ukufutheka okubonakalayo. Ukuze kulondolozwe umthunzi we-inflorescences nokunambitha okungafani nezinhlobonhlobo zeCosa Dereza, futhi njengoba zivuthwa, ikhanda elikhulayo limbozwa ngamaqabunga angaphandle aphansi, lizinqume ngokucophelela. Inqubo efanayo inyusa usayizi wamakhanda iklabishi - izakhi ezengeziwe manje sezithunyelwa kubo.

Ukumboza ikhanda lekholiflower ngamahlamvu alo, ungagcina umbala omhlophe nokunambitheka okukhona kuzinhlobonhlobo zeKoza-Dereza

Izifo, izilokazane nokulawula kwazo

Ngeshwa, ukholifulawa uhlaselwa kaningi yizifo nezinambuzane. Ama-Kosa-Dereza ahlukahlukene avela kubadali athole ukungatheleleki okuhle, kepha akavikelekile ngokuphelele ekuthelelekeni. Ukuze unciphise ubungozi, kubalulekile kakhulu ukunakekela isivuno kahle. Izitshalo ezinempilo zigula kaningi. Izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo futhi ukugcinwa kokujikeleza kwezitshalo nohlelo olufanele lokutshala (ngaphandle kokuqunjelwa ngokweqile). Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu kufanele ifakwe ku-solution yokufaka ukhunta.

Uma inkinga ibonwa ngesikhathi, isikhathi esiningi ingaxazululwa ngokuxazulula amakhambi abantu. Bona, ngokungafani namakhemikhali, asetshenziswa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, futhi owokugcina - kuphela kuze kube ukwakhiwa kwamakhanda. Iningi lezinambuzane alithandi iphunga le-pungent. Ngapha komngcele wombhede ngekholifulawa nangendlela, i-anyanisi, ugalikhi, iminti, irosemary, i-basil, kanye ne-sage, i-lavender, ama-marigolds atshaliwe.

Uma ungazange uqaphele ukuqala kokukhula kwalesi sifo, futhi iningi lesitshalo selivele selinegciwane, akufanele usigodle. Iklabishi elinjalo liyakhishwa lishiswe ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane. Inhlabathi kule ndawo ihlaselwa amagciwane ngokuchitheka nge-3% yethusi sulfate noma ngesixazululo esimnyama se-potassium permanganate.

Kwezinambuzane, umonakalo omkhulu wekholifulawa ubangelwa:

• Impukane yeklabishi. Izalela amaqanda emhlabathini. Izibungu ezihlafunwa kubo zidla izicubu zezimpande nezindebe, zidla “imigudu” emide. Isitshalo sihamba kancane ekuthuthukisweni, komile. Ukwesabisa abantu abadala, ingadi ezungeze umngcele izungezwe yi-parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, izitshalo zifafazwa ngensipho namanzi kuxutshwe nsethi kaviniga (15 ml nge-10 l). Ukuze ulwe nabo sebenzisa iTanrek, Mospilan, Fufanon.
• Ama-scoops wesikhukhamba. Zondla izicubu zamaqabunga, zishiya kuphela imicu yazo izinsuku eziningana. Abantu abadala bathola inzondo nge-pheromone yesitolo noma ngezicupho ezenziwe ekhaya. Izitsha ezijulile zigcwele ujamu, isiraphu kashukela, uju oluhlanjululwe ngamanzi. Ebusuku, ungabeka umthombo wokukhanya eduze. I-Entobacterin, Bitoxibacillin, iLepidocide iyesabisa izidakamizwa zabo. Amakhethini abhujiswa ngosizo luka-Actellik, Fufanon, Confidor-Maxi.
• I-Cruciferous flea. Izimbungulu ezincane ezingaguqula amahlamvu zibe ngesihlungo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Bethuka ngempumelelo kude nephunga likagalikhi neziqalo zikatamatisi. Inhlabathi engadini ivuthulwe ngengxube yomlotha wezinkuni, amashipisi kagwayi nopelepele obomvu. Uma kwenzeka ukuhlasela kwezinambuzane eziningi kusetshenziswa iTrichloromethaphos neFosbecid.
• Slug. Zidla ngezicubu zezitshalo, zidla izimbobo ezinkulu ngamaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesiliva okunamathelayo kubonakala ebusweni. Bethusa ama-slgs, bezungeze umbhede ngamakhambi abukhali anephunga elimnandi, afafaza nge-infusion ye-harad. Eduze kwesisekelo sesiqu, kwakhiwa “isithiyo” ngezinaliti zikaphayini, isihlabathi, ama-egghells noma izinhlwayi, upelepele oshisayo. Okudidayo kungalandwa ngesandla noma usebenzisa izicupho. Kwembiwa amathangi emhlabathini, okugcwele ukuwagcwalisa ngebhiya, i-kvass, izingcezu zeklabishi. Ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane okuningi kuyinto enhle kakhulu. Kulesi simo kuphela sebenzisa amakhemikhali - i-Meta, iNkanyamba, iSludge.
• Iklabishi i-aphid. Idla ngojusi wezitshalo. Izinambuzane ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani zibambelela ngokoqobo emaqabunga. Kuvela amachashazi ama-beige amaningi, abonakala ngokukhanya. Chitha ama-aphid nge-infusions yanoma imuphi amakhambi ngephunga elibukhali. Udinga ukufafaza iklabishi njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12. Futhi, amaqabunga kagwayi owomile, i-mustard powder, i-peel kalamula, imicibisholo yegalikhi, iziqongo zamazambane asetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe. Le infusions efanayo isiza ukubhekana nenkathazo, uma ama-aphid engekho kakhulu. I-Cauliflower kuphela kufanele ifafazwe izikhathi eziyi-3-4 ngosuku. Lapho isikhathi silahlekile, kusetshenziswa iBiotlin, i-Aktaru, i-Inta-Vir, i-Iskra-Bio.

Igalari yezithombe: okubukeka njengezinambuzane eziyingozi kukholifulawa

Izifo ezejwayelekile zesiko:

• I-Mucosal bacteriosis. Kubonakala amabala “aluhlaza” aluhlaza ekhanda. Kancane kancane baba mnyama, asakaze iphunga elingemnandi le-putrefactive. Ukuvimbela, ukholifulawa kufafazwa ngeMikosan, iPentaphage. Uma isifo sesihambile kakhulu, kusala nje ukusilahla. Lapho kukhona amanye ambalwa, izicubu ezithintekile ziyasikwa, zifafazwe ngushoko ochotshoziwe noma amalahle ahlanganiswe afafazwe abe yimpuphu.
• Ukubola kwezimpande. Izimpande ziba mnyama, ziba mnyama lapho uthinta. Isisekelo sesiqu siphenduka nsundu, sithambile. Ukuvimbela okuhle kunamakhono okunisela. Kuyelulekwa ukufaka amanzi ajwayelekile okungenani kanye njalo emavikini ayi-1.5-2 ngesixazululo esikhanyayo se-pink se-potanganum permanganate. Ngemuva kokuthola izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, ukuchelela kuncishiswa kube okungenani okudingekayo. Ama-capsli we-Gliocladin, ama-Trichodermin alethwa enhlabathini.
• Wonke. Isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke iklabishi, izindlela zokwelashwa zalo ezingekho njengamanje. Ukhula lwe-Ugly olufana nezimila luvela ezimpandeni, ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo iyoma futhi iyafa. Ukuvikela okungcono ukujikeleza kwezitshalo. Engadini lapho iklabishi ihlushwa khona i-keel, ingabuyiswa ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5-7. Kuyasiza futhi ukunisela izitshalo njalo emavikini ama-2-3 ngesisombululo sikafulawa we-dolomite (200 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), bese uthulisa inhlabathi ngomlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe.
• I-Alternariosis. Amahlamvu embozwe izindawo ezimnyama-nsundu, kancane kancane ajike abe yimibuthano eyindilinga. Zoma ngokushesha bese ziyafa. Ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekushiseni nasekuswiseni okukhulu. Ukuze uvimbele, inhlabathi engadini ifutshwa ngeshokhole elichotshoziwe noma elichithekile nge-Planriz, Bactofit.
• I-Fusarium Amaqabunga ashintsha umbala abe ophuzi, ambozwe izindawo eziluhlaza obumnyama, ama-veins nawo aba mnyama. Bese bewa, ama-inflorescence ayonakalisiwe. Nge-prophylaxis, i-Fitosporin-M noma i-Fitolavin yengezwa emanzini okunisela. Esikhathini sokuqala kwesifo, ingalashwa ngokuphulukisa izitshalo kanye nenhlabathi engadini ngeBenomil noma iFundazol.
• I-Peronosporosis. Amaqabunga ambozwe izindawo ezimfushane ngokwephuzi. Uhlangothi olungalungile luhanjiswa ngokuphelele ngefenisha ye-mauve. Izicubu ezithintekayo zoma futhi ziyafa, ziyizimbobo zezimbobo. Ukuvimbela, umbhede uthuliwe ngushoko ochotshoziwe, izitshalo ngokwazo zifafazwa ngomlotha wokhuni. Ukulwa nalesi sifo, noma iyiphi fungicides isetshenziswa.

Igalari yezithombe: ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwezifo ezijwayelekile zekholifulawa

Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi

Ikholifulawa kulo nyaka umane enhle. Nayi iMbuzi-Dereza yami, ecishe ibe ngaphansi kwamakhilogremu amabili.

Kuzya68

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Lo nyaka nginezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamakholifulawa i-Alpha, Kosa-Dereza ne-Alrani. U-Alrani akamubi, kepha bonke abanye abekho.

Ukuphatha

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Ngonyaka wesine empilweni yami, kukhiqizwe iklabishi yezinhlobonhlobo zaseKosa-Dereza kuphela, izinhlobo ezisele zamakhanda aziboshwe. Yini inkinga, angiqondanga. Watshala zombili izithombo zakhe wathenga. Izinhlobonhlobo ezifanayo zihlwanyelwa emhlabathini ekuqaleni kukaMeyi enkulisa, bese zidluliselwa ezindaweni ezingapheli. Ngokomongo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlwanyela ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo - ukuhluma kulungile, asikho isidingo sokufakelwa.

Maye

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Ngikhula nge-cauliflower Goat-Dereza ehlukahlukene evela kwi-Biotechnology. Ukuhlakulela ukunambitheka kanye nokukhulisa ngokushesha ikhanda. Umhlophe qhwa, umnandi, ngaphandle komunyu, indodana ithanda ifomu eluhlaza, umyeni upheka izobho. Ngivivinya ukuvuthwa kokuqala - 5, ukukhiqiza - 4.5, ukunambitheka - 5+, ukumelana nezifo kanye nezimo ezingezinhle - 4.5.

I-Bezhechanochka

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Ngokokuqala ngqa ngesizini edlule, amakhanda amahle eklabishi aphuma. Watshala izinyosi ezahlukene zekholifishi Goat-Dereza. Phambilini bekungenzeki ukuthi kukhule into ewusizo, futhi nemood bekungeyona ukuyikhulisa, kepha manje sengikhulile futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kuzophumelela.

UValentine

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IKosa-Dereza yizinhlobonhlobo ezinhle kakhulu, ikhula kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Imfoloko imhlophe futhi ayiphumi okuningi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga.

Larisa Pavlyuk

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Ngithanda ukholifulawa uKozza-Dereza, sekuphele iminyaka emine ngitshala kanti kulo nyaka ngizophinda ngitshala futhi. Kuliqiniso, amakhanda weklabishi akhulu kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, mhlawumbe lokhu akuyona ingozi, kepha kunamandla.

U-Olga Pushkova

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Watshala ukholifulawa wesampula, obizwa ngeGoat-Dereza. Uvuthiwe ngoSepthemba, cishe kuze kube sekupheleni ... Watshala izingcezu ezimbili, amakhanda eklabishi ayengaphakathi kwamakhilogremu amathathu.

I-Bagheera123

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Futhi kwakukhona intwasahlobo ... Futhi ngatshala imbewu kakholifulawa umlimi uKosa-Dereza ... Futhi kwavela izithombo ezingama-54 ezihlahleni. Futhi ngacabanga ukuthi ngizotshala yonke into: njengenjwayelo, ngokuwa kwezimfoloko ezi-5-8 zizovuthwa, kanti ezinye esele ngepayipi, noma nge-keel kugula, noma ukubuna, noma ukuvuvukala. Futhi ekwindla kwafika ... Futhi, njengoba kwakulotshwe esikhwameni sembewu, izinkezo ezingama-54 zavuthwa ngasikhathi sinye ezinesisindo esingu-1 kg.

Massbu

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I-Koza-Dereza ingenye yezinhlobo ezidumile zekholifulawa phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia. Basheshe bakwazisa ukubaluleka kwako okungabazeki kanye nokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamaphutha.Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ekutholeni isivuno esicebile. Uma uzijwayela kusengaphambili "ngezidingo" ezenziwa isiko kwezobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukutshala ukholifulawa kuzokwazi ukukhokhwa ngisho nakugadli ongenalwazi kakhulu.