Izithombo zehosta zibiza kakhulu. Zitholakala ngokuzimela kusitshalo esidala esidala. Umgcini, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwakho kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana, kuvame ukuvela kahle. Indlela yokwenza inqubo ngendlela eyiyo ichazwe ngezansi.
Incazelo yezimbali
Isitshalo semvelo sama-herbaceous somndeni wamaLiliaceae sivela e-Asia. Sikhula kusukela ngoMeyi kuya maphakathi nekwindla. Ubuhle baso buqabunga ngamaqabunga okuhlobisa: zingahlanganiswa, zixinwe noma zenziwe ngenhliziyo ngesimo; umbala ulula noma uluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, onsomi-onsomi, ophuzi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amathunzi abomvu; ukuthungwa kubushelelezi noma kugcwele, kucwebezela noma kube matte. Imiphetho yamaqabunga ingalinganiswa noma i-wavy, isicubu - sisontekile. Emaqabungeni ngokwawo kunemivimbo ephuzi yobunjwa obuhlukahlukene nobukhulu.
Zibukeka kanjani izimbali?
Amaqabunga akhula kusuka kuma-rosette kusuka ezimpandeni futhi abuthana ehlathini. Umsingathi akathobeki, ubekezelela ukubanda futhi uthanda ngisho nomthunzi, awathola ngawo isihloko seNdlovukazi yoMyezo Wezimbali. Isilinganiso sokuphakama 50-80 cm (wasebukhosini, uSanta Paul, Atlantis); ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ama-bush angakhula afike kumamitha ayi-2 (i-Saga, i-Dream Queen, i-Big Deaddy) noma u-5 cm nje (Delia, Little Jim, Blue Ice).
Iqhakaza kusuka maphakathi nehlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla. Ama-inflorescence aqoqwa ngamabhulashi, izimbali ezisesimweni esifana nezinsimbi noma amarenisi abanzi futhi zinephunga elicebile. Izimbali zasehosta zimhlophe, zinsomi, zipinki noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-Peduncle akhula aze afike ku-1 m ukuphakama. Umgcini awudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekulimeni, ubekezelela ukufakelwa, umelana nezinambuzane nezifo, angakhula aze afike eminyakeni eyi-10 endaweni eyodwa, futhi umjikelezo wokuphila okugcwele - iminyaka engama-20. I-rhizome iminyene, inezimpande zefilatera.
Umgcini uhlanganiswe nezinye izimbali eziningi zasengadini: ama-irises, ama-peonies, iminduze, i-kobe, i-medunitsa, ibukeka kahle ekwakhiweni kwama-ferns nama-conifers.
Ngemininingwane! Igama lesayensi Sebawoti liyasebenza. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-40. Endle, umsingathi angatholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi: osebeni lomfula, amachibi, amaxhaphozi.
Ukusingathwa okusakazwayo
Izindlela zokusakazeka zokubamba:
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla;
- imbewu;
- ukusika;
- ukuvivinya kabusha
Inketho yokugcina ibhekwa njengempumelelo kakhulu, isetshenziswa embonini. Umnyombo wale nqubo usezitshalweni ezikhulayo kumashubhu okuhlola. Indlela ihlukaniswe yaba yi-microclonal ne-meristemic.
Ngesikhathi sokusakazeka kwe-microclonal, ihlumela noma ihlumela lesitshalo libekwa endaweni yokufakelwa, lapho kugcinwa izinkomba ezidingekayo zokukhanya, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama. Izithombo esezikhulile zihambisana nezimo zangaphandle.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Meristemic kwenzelwe ukuthuthukisa isitshalo. Lapha, amangqamuzana ezinso ajulile (amaseli we-meristem) ayabandakanyeka, anomthamo omncane wamagciwane nezifo. Isitshalo siyaphiliswa kusetshenziswa imakroskopu: izicubu ze-meristemic zihlala zodwa futhi zibekwe endaweni yokufakelwa lapho amangqamuzana enika impilo amahlumela amasha. Zihlolwa ngokucophelela izifo futhi zisetshenziselwa kuphela izinhlobo ezinhle ngokuphelele zokuzala kabusha.
Izithombo ezikhulwe ngalezi zindlela zingaba uhlobo olusha futhi zingagcini izici zokuhlukahluka kwesitshalo somama, njengoba imvelo yokufakelwa ibathinta. Yebo, inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, idinga imishini ekhethekile, ngakho-ke kungaphezu kwamandla komtshali ojwayelekile.
Kanjani futhi kanjani ukusakaza umgcini ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, kuphela umuntu omdala, isitshalo esinempilo esisakazwayo. Lapho kukhula isihlahla sikhudlwana, kukhulu ukwahlukana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba isihlahla sonke. Kwisakhiwo esisodwa kufanele kube nezitolo ezimbalwa ezinamaqabunga. Zitshalwe ekujuleni okufanayo lapho isitshalo somzali sikhule khona. Ibanga phakathi kokutshala kufanele ligcwaliswe cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zokusinda kahle ziniselwa kakhulu futhi zifukamele inhlabathi ezungeze ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile.
Waba nini ukusingathwa? Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokwehlukanisa isihlahla:
- ukuqala kukaMeyi;
- noma iyiphi inyanga yehlobo;
- ukuqala kukaSepthemba.
Kubalulekile! Lapho uhlukanisa ekwindla, isitshalo sonakaliswa kancane, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande lusezingeni elifanele.
Ungatshala isihlahla lapho sesivuthiwe ngokuphelele. Isibonakaliso esicacile sesihlalo esidingekayo yilapho isikhungo somqhele siqala ukuncipha.
Isihlahla singakha iminyaka emihlanu. Isitshalo esincane asikhombisi izimfanelo zaso, ziyavela njengoba zikhula. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa okuvame ukungathandeki, ngoba awukwazi ukulinda izici ezihlukile zomsingathi. Isikhathi sokuqala ungahlukanisa isihlahla ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4-5.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani umsingathi
Kusukela kumathuluzi engadi khetha okuyiyona efanele. Kungcono ukusebenza nesihlahla esikhulu ngefosholo, nesincane esinezinduku ngamazinyo, sinezimpande ezinkulu sisebenzisa i-hacksaw yensimbi (ukusikwa kuphethwe ngomlotha noma ngamalahle agayiwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izinqubo zokubola).
Ngaphambi kokukhipha lesi sitshalo emhlabathini, kusikwa umbuthano onobubanzi obuyisentimitha eziyi-10 uma isihlahla sincane, no-30-35 cm uma isihlahla sikhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho bafaka ifosholo ngaphansi kwempande ngefosholo bese bekhipha ngokucophelela isitshalo esinenhlama yomhlaba.
Udinga ukuhlukanisa ngokucophelela lowo ogciniwe ukuze kancane kulimaze uhlelo lwezimpande. Izimpande ezincane zihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngesandla, izithombo ezinkulu zihlukaniswe ngommese ngama-clove.
Kubalulekile! Akuyona impande edinga ukusikwa, kepha isisekelo.
Izinhlobo ezikhula kancane zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezinhle kakhulu, kanti nezinhlobo ezikhula kahle zizokhula ngisho nasendaweni eyodwa. Isihlahla sonke asithandeki ukuhlukanisa sibe izingxenye ezingaphezu kwesine.
Izimpande
Kubalulekile! Ukubona lonke uhlelo lwezimpande, ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa kungahlanzwa ngamanzi.
Iziza zihlolwa umonakalo nokugula, futhi amasayithi asolisayo ayasuswa.
Inhlabathi ilungiswa kungaba ekwindla noma enyangeni ngaphambi kokutshala: bambe futhi ufake umanyolo. Umanyolo wezimbiwa ufakwa emhlabathini ompofu.
U-Delenki watshala ekujuleni okufanayo lapho isitshalo somzali sikhule khona. Phansi komgodi, kuthelwa ngomlotha wezinkuni. Ibanga phakathi kokutshala kufanele ligcwaliswe cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ziphuzwa ngobuningi kanye nomanyolo womhlabathi ozungeze ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile ukuze usinde kahle.
Njengokugqoka okuphezulu ekuqaleni, ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa kwe-mullein. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhulula umhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ususe ukhula.
Nakani! I-Delenki ayikwazi ukutshalwa endaweni endala, ngoba izithombo zizothela isikhathi eside futhi kungenzeka zife.
Ungathola i-Delenki ngaphandle kokumba isihlahla sonke. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okuqinile. Babanjwa ngaphandle futhi bahlukaniswe ngokucophelela ehlangeni lomama. I-void engenayo igcwele ngomanyolo, isitshalo siniselwa kakhulu. Isahluko esiholelwayo sihlwanyelwa kuqala embhedeni olungiselelwe ukukhula, bese sidluliselwa endaweni engapheli.
Isigaba
Ukusakazeka Sebawoti ngamahlamvu
Inqubo ilula futhi ishesha ukwenza. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuzalela:
- maphakathi nentwasahlobo;
- ukuqala kwehlobo.
Le ndlela yokuzala ayilimazi uhlelo lwempande futhi igcina izici zesitshalo.
Emahlumela amancane, usike irosette ngengxenye ye-rhizome usebenzisa ummese obukhali. Isigaxa siphathwa ngesihlabathi. Indawo esikiwe itshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma endaweni enomthunzi futhi imbozwe ngebhodlela. Amaqabunga azokwandiswa amasonto angama-3-4.
Kubalulekile! Ngesikhathi sokukhula, umninikhaya uyaniselwa njengoba umhlabathi womile. Ibhodlela lesitshalo lingasuswa amahora angama-1-2 ngosuku.
Lapho isitshalo sikhula, sidluliselwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Umhlaba udinga ukuhlanganiswa, okuniselwe kakhulu futhi notholisiwe. Lokhu kokugcina kusebenza ezinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ezinkulu, ezincane nezincane kule nqubo zingafa.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani inqwaba yembewu
Ngabe umninikhaya usatshalaliswa kanjani ngembewu? Isitshalo kunzima ukusabalalisa ngembewu, ngoba zinokuhluma okuphansi. Ngale ndlela, izinhlobo ezikhula kancane ziyasatshalaliswa, kanti ezinye aziqhakaze, futhi ngenxa yalokho, azikwazi ukuveza imbewu. Okuningi futhi kuncike esimweni sezulu. Izimpawu ezahlukahlukene zamasosha akhule ngembewu avela emva kweminyaka engama-4-5.
Imbewu yehosta ingathengwa noma iqoqwe esihlahleni esivele sikhona. Avuthwa kungakapheli amasonto angama-6-8 ngemuva kokucoliswa. Amabhokisi avuthiwe ajika abe nsundu futhi aqhekeke, imvamisa ukuphela kwehlobo noma ekwindla.
Nakani! Izinhlobo eziningi ziqhakaza kakhulu kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Zikhula kahle, isibonelo, iRevolution, Sharmon, Allegan Fog.
Ngokuthola okuphezulu komswakama, imbewu yomiswa ngokushisa okuphezulu futhi igcinwe ku-20-40 ° C. Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi imbewu izokhula kangcono uma igcinwa izinyanga ezimbili endaweni ebandayo (kwesokunxele esiqandisini kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuze kube sekutshaleni).
Inhlabathi ingathengwa noma ixutshwe ngokuzimela kusuka ku-peat, periculite kanye ne-vermit, ithathwe ngokulingana okulinganayo.
Kubalulekile! Inhlabathi neziqukathi zokutshala zingaphansi kokubulala amagciwane.
Njengesitsha, amabhodwe, amakhabethe, izinkomishi noma amakhasethi anamaseli athengiswa esitolo sezimbali kufanelekile. Belashwa ngotshwala bezokwelapha. Isendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi siyadingeka ezansi.
Umhlabathi wokuhlwanyelwa kufanele uvulwe, ngaphandle kweziqalo ezinzima. Isitsha sigcwele ingxube eqediwe (i-peat ne-perlite kumele ifakwe) bese kuthululelwa isixazululo se-potanganum permanganate bese sikhukishwa kubhavu wamanzi isigamu sehora. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ivunyelwe ukuphola.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokunembile ngezithombo ezitsheni, hhayi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, endaweni eshisayo noma emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imbewu itshalwe ngoJanuwari. Ngaphambi kokutshala, afakwe endaweni yokuvuselela ukukhula (i-epine, izimpande, i-zircon) noma i-stratization yanyanga zonke yenziwa emazingeni okushisa angama-5 ° C, ngoba imbewu imila kabi.
Kutshalwe ekujuleni kwama-5-7 mm. Ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokufika:
- Qondanisa umhlaba.
- Hlwanyela imbewu.
- Fafaza nge-perlite.
- Bopha uphawu.
Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthintana okuhle kwembewu enhlabathini. Ukushaya umhlaba kungafanele, kufanele kukhululeke. Idaluliwe futhi ihlanganiswe kancane. Ukufika okulungele embozwe ngefilimu.
Ekushiseni okungaba ngu-20 ° C, amahlumela okuqala avele emavikini amabili.
Abaphathi bezithombo
Amahlumela amancane kufanele avikeleke elangeni, aniselwe ngokulinganayo futhi asuse i-condensate kwifilimu.
Izithombo
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala, izithombo zidluliselwa kwezinye, iziqukathi ezazingakenziwa inzalo ngomhlabathi wezakhi. Ziniselwa ngokwehlisa iziqukathi ezitsheni ezinamanzi (indlela engezansi) bese zishiywe kuleli fomu kuze kube yilapho umhlaba ugcwala amanzi ngokuphelele.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo zidinga ukuqiniswa kancane kancane futhi zijwayele ukukhanya kwelanga, zehlise izinga lokushisa futhi njalo zishiya amahlumela elangeni. Kuyadingeka futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukususa ifilimu. Ungakususa ngokuphelele isonto ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Manje amahlumela asekulungele ukusinda ngokuzimela. Kubalulekile ukuzikhethela indawo enhle, umgcini ungakubekezeleli okusalungiswa, uthanda umthunzi osesilinganisweni, izinhlobo ezithile, futhi uncamela ukukhula ngamaqembu. Inhlabathi idinga i-acidic kancane, inomswakama ngokulingana, umswakama ohambisa umoya nomoya. Bekulokhu kulungiswa kusukela ekwindla: Umanyolo odingekayo we-organic usatshalaliswa emibhedeni ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Entwasahlobo, ukutshala kuqala.
Ukufakelwa
Nakani! Ukukhanya kwamaqabunga, ukukhanya kuyedinga ukukhanya. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani noma obomvana kufanele zitshalwe emthunzini, ngoba ukusha kungabonakala emaqabungeni ngokukhanya okwedlulele.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kakhulu, emva kwalokho zisuswe ngokucophelela kusuka esitsheni, uma kunesidingo, zisakazwa ngezimpande eziningi futhi zehliselwe emgodini owembiwe ngaphambili. Ingaphezulu enesihlume kufanele ibe ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba. Imbobo imbozwe ngomhlaba, ihlanganiswe kancane, iniselwa kakhulu futhi ifakwe ngotshani noma ngotshani obomile.
Ibanga elisondele phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe ngu-50-60 cm, futhi uma izinhlobonhlobo zikwazi ukukhula zikhule zibe ubukhulu.
Ekuqaleni, isitshalo esiphathisiwe singavundiswa (kanye njalo emavikini amabili kuze kube nguJulayi). Ekwindla, inhlabathi ivundiswa nge-humus noma umquba. Nisela isitshalo ngaphansi kwezimpande. Umhlaba kufanele ucishe uhlale umanzi.
Ukuvimbela izifo nezinambuzane, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngezinto ezikhethekile.
Amahlumela ama-hosta nawo angatshalwa ezitsheni iminyaka emibili, lapho kumiswa amaqabunga, kuthi okwesithathu, atshale izithombo endaweni evulekile.
Uma isitshalo somsingathi siqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wokutshala, kungcono ukususa izimbotshana, ngoba isitshalo asikakakhuli.
Kubalulekile! Uma amathiphu amaqabunga ephenduka emnyama, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi isitshalo asinakho umswakama.
Umphathi wokusika kwehlobo
Ukuze usakaze umgcini ngosiko, kufanele wazi ukuthi ungazihlukanisa kanjani ngokufanele esihlahleni esivamile. Inqubo yenziwa ngoMeyi-Juni. Izinhlobo ezingalingani noma ezikhula kancane zivame ukusakazwa ngokusikwa. Kuphela yilezo amahlumela ezihlukanisa kahle ezikhethiwe (imvamisa zinama-petioles amafushane namaqabunga amancane). Kufanele babe nesithende - ucezu lwe-rhizome enezimpande. Ama-cuttings aphuma atshalwa kuqala emibhedeni elungiselelwe noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa futhi okuniselwe nsuku zonke.
Ngemininingwane! Ekuqaleni, lesi sitshalo singabukeka sibi futhi singaphili, amaqabunga angawa, kepha emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa azovuka aqine.
Lapho izitshalo ziba namandla futhi zimila izimpande, ungazidlulisela endaweni engapheli.
Izimbumbulu
Ukulungiselela isitshalo ebusika, amaqabunga asikwa ngama-secateurs futhi afafazwe nge-peat.
Umgcini awudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kubhekwa njengesitshalo sabanobuvila. Kulula ukuyikhulisa ngokwakho ekhaya. Ngamaqabunga ayo amahle, iyakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi. Into esemqoka ukutadisha konke mayelana nembali, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa kabusha, ukuthola izinhlobo ezinempilo, hhayi zokuvilapha nokugula.
