Yini okufanele ibe yizwe lezimbali zasendlini - i-acidic noma i-alkali

Umhlaba wezimbali zasendlini indawo edingekayo yokuba khona kwazo. Kepha umhlabathi uqukethe izinto ezihlukile futhi unezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene, ngokulandelana, futhi ukhethwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwezimbali. Kungakho kudingekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inhlabathi edinga isitshalo esithile, ukuthi ingaligcina kanjani inani layo lokudla iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqonda wonke ama-nuances, ungalungisa ingxube yenhlabathi ngezandla zakho.

Kungcono inhlabathi elungiselelwe ekhaya

Abantu abaningi bathanda ukuthenga inhlabathi yezitshalo zasendlini ezitolo. Kepha ungaziqamba ngokwakho. Kulokhu, le ngxube izoba nezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

• amandla okuhambisana neresiphi ngqo, engeza izinto eziningi nje kuphela njengoba kudinga uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo;
• ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezithombo ekwakhiweni okusha kushesha kakhulu;
• ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine imali.

Ukwenziwa kwengxube yenhlabathi ekhaya

Naphezu kwezinzuzo, kukhona nezingathandeki. Amathuba aphezulu okutheleleka kwembali engaphakathi nge fungus noma izifo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwezakhi zenhlabathi.

Ungayilungisa kanjani ingxube yenhlabathi

Enye inhlabathi ethengiwe ngumhlaba we-DIY wezitshalo zasendlini. Inhlabathi yemvelo inezimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo zasendlini, kepha idinga ukulungiswa okuthile. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda izidingo zokunakekelwa kwembali yakho oyithandayo, izimfanelo zokutshala wenze ingxube ngezandla zakho.

Izakhi eziyinhloko

Inhlabathi yezimbali zasendlini inezinto ezintathu eziyinhloko: umhlaba, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat. Isithako ngasinye esisohlwini sinomsebenzi othile:

• i-peat ibhekele izinga le-acidity;
• isihlabathi sikhulula inhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela sinciphise ukungagugi kwalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto zengezwa enhlabathini, inani lazo lihambisana nokuthi isitshalo esiphiwe kuso. Isibonelo:

• ama-vermiculite nama-agroperlite abhekene ne-aeration;
• ufulawa we-dolomite uzonciphisa i-acidity;
• i-saprogel ne-vermicompost ithuthukisa inhlabathi ngezakhi zomkhondo;
• amagxolo esihlahla athukulula inhlabathi futhi angakuvumeli ukweqa ngokweqile.

Izakhi zomxube kumele zihlanganiswe ngendlela efanele.

Ungawusabalalisa kanjani umuthi inhlabathi yezitshalo zasendlini

Imikhunta elungele ukudayiswa ezitolo ithola ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuvikela ukuvela kwezifo noma izinambuzane. Uma umhlaba wezimbali zasekhaya ulungisiwe ngezandla zakho, bese wenza imisebenzi yokuzicasulula ngokwakho.

Amagciwane nesikhunta kubhujiswa ngosizo lwe-phytosporin yezidakamizwa. Lapho ivezwa, i-pathogenic microflora iyachithwa, inhlabathi ithuthukiswe ngamagciwane amancane aqukethe.

Ukwelashwa kwenhlabathi eshisayo

Ungabulala amagciwane ingxube ngokunyusa izinga lokushisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uyifudumise kuhhavini, noma uyiqambe ku-balcony ebusika. Indlela yokugcina ayinikezeli isiqinisekiso se-100% Ukhula nezibungu zezinambuzane eziyingozi kungahlala emhlabathini. Ukushisa kuhhavini kuthembeke ngokwengeziwe, kepha kudla isikhathi. Inhlabathi isakazwa ephepheni lokubhaka, ifafazwe ngamanzi bese ifudumala kuhhavini iye ku-120 ° C. Bamba okungenani ihora elingu-1. Kuyo yonke leso sikhathi, inhlabathi ihlala ixutshwa. Okubi ngale ndlela iqiniso lokuthi, kanye nezinambuzane, amagciwane amaningi azuzisayo nawo ayabhujiswa - ingxube yenhlabathi ilahlekelwa yingxenye yezakhiwo zayo.

Izinhlobo eziphambili zenhlabathi

Inhlabathi yepulazi ngalinye lendlu kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile. Kungakho abalimi bezimbali abanolwazi bengancomi ukusetshenziswa kwenhlabathi yohlobo lwendawo yonke. Ezinye izitshalo zithanda inhlabathi evundile, ezinye zizizwa zizinhle kuphela endaweni yezakhi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lwezingxube zobumba.

Ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba okukhanyayo, okuphakathi nobusindayo

Ukwakheka kwesihlokwana kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• amaphaphu;
• phakathi;
• esindayo.

Ukwakheka kwengxube ekhanyayo kufaka phakathi i-40% peat, umhlabathi wegadi ongu-15%, iqabunga le-5% noma umhlaba wesod, 40% isihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izingxenye ezengeziwe: i-agroperlite, i-vermiculite, namalahle, izingxenyana ezincane zobumba ezandisiwe. Ingxube ekhanyayo ilungele izitshalo zasendlini ezilandelayo:

• i-cacti yasogwadule;
• ama-anculents anamaqabunga aqine.

Izingxube zezimpande ezikhanyayo zisetshenziselwa futhi ukusika izimpande ebhodweni enesistimu yezimpande ebuthakathaka, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula kuyadingeka ukufaka umquba ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ngomxube ophakathi, izingxenye ezilandelayo ziyadingeka:

• i-peat - 30%;
• umhlaba wegadi - 25%;
• umhlaba weqabunga noma i-turf - 15%;
• humus - 5%;
• isihlabathi - 25%;
• i-vermiculite namalahle njengezici ezingeziwe.

Ukuxuba okuphakathi kubhekwa njengendawo yonke. Ilungele izintende zezithelo, ezinye izinhlobo zokuncipha, zokuhlobisa nezinqabile zezitshalo zasendlini.

Ukuthola izingxube zomhlaba ezisindayo, udinga ukuthatha ama-35% we-peat, i-25% - umhlaba kashukela, amaqabunga angama-20% noma umhlaba wesod, i-10% - isihlabathi, i-10% - humus. Ezingxenyeni ezingeziwe, kufakwa amagxolo okhuni, izinaliti zikaphayini, i-sphagnum, namalahle. Ukuxuba kwenhlabathi eningi kulungiselelwe izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezitshalo ezifuywayo:

• intende esishisayo;
• imisele;
• ferns;
• azaleas;
• begonias;
• fuchsias;
• i-cacti eshisayo.

Futhi, izitshalo ezinkulu ezinesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle itshalwe emhlabathini osindayo.

Izakhi eziningi zokuxuba nazo zingalungiswa zodwa.

Umhlaba weHumus

Umquba noma i-humus itholakala kumanyolo wezilwane. Imvamisa amahhashi nezinkomo kuhlinzeka ngezinto ezinhle. Ifakwa emgodini we-compost noma imbozwe nje phezu kwenqwaba, embozwe kahle ngokhuni olunamafutha omnyama futhi igcinwe ikulesi simo iminyaka emi-2. Lapho-ke okubunjiwe okuvelayo kuyavinjezelwa.

Umhlaba weTurf

Ukuthola umhlaba we-turf, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchithe iminyaka emi-2. Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, kushunqulwa imbobo noma i-turf yasensimini. Lapho-ke endaweni ethile kuhlanganiswe izingqimba ezingxenyeni zomquba. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esithile, umhlaba uyavinjezelwa futhi ugcwele emasakeni aqinile. Uma kungekho mhlaba we-sod, lapho-ke lapho uqoqa ingxube yenhlabathi ungabekwa esikhundleni nge-mole noma ingadi ecebisiwe ngomanyolo.

Umhlaba ohlanganayo

Umhlaba weConiferous ungathayipha ehlathini likaphayini noma wefir. Izendlalelo ezingezansi zilungile. Ekhaya, umhlaba ohlanganisiwe ulungiselelwe ngale ndlela:

• ukuqoqa izinaliti zenwele eziwile;
• uwabeke emgodini we-compost ezingxenyeni ezinamantongomane nesihlabathi (izingqimba eziyi-15-20 cm ubukhulu);
• melana cishe iminyaka emi-2.

Umhlaba ohlanganayo

Ishidi lomhlaba

Ngomhlaba onamaqabunga, kubalulekile ukuqoqa amaqabunga awile ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla. Ikwazisa kakhulu kusuka ezihlahleni ze-apula, umlotha, i-linden. Akunconywa ukuthatha amaqabunga e-oki, u-willow, popula, chestnut. Amaqabunga aqoqiwe athululelwa emigodini yomquba, afafazwe nge-lime eligayiwe.

Isihlabathi

Isihlabathi sisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi njengezinto zokudonsa amanzi. Ngosizo lwayo, umoya-mpilo unikezwa ohlelweni lwezimpande zesitshalo. Lokhu kuyinto ebophezelekile yanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwengxube yenhlabathi. Ezitshalweni ezifuywayo, kunconyelwa ukuthatha isihlabathi sohlobo lomfula, kodwa esivele sihlambe kahle.

Peaty

I-Peat ivame ukuthengwa ezitolo zezimbali. Ilungiselelwe futhi ihlanganiswe ekukhiqizeni. Ayikho imisebenzi eyengeziwe edingekayo. I-Peat, engeniswa emakamelweni ehlobo njengamanyolo, njengengxenye yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yokutshala izimbali zasendlini ayifanele. Kufanele igcinwe isikhashana. Kungemva kokuba ibuye yaphenduka into enobuthi futhi ebumbekayo, isetshenziselwa izingxenyana zomhlaba.

Peat yezikhala eziluhlaza zisebenzisa ukhula kahle futhi ibolile

I-acidity yenhlabathi

Ukufaneleka kwe-substrate yezitshalo zasendlini kubonakaliswa yinkomba efana ne-acidity. Umnyombo wale pharamitha ungendlela elandelayo - ukuboniswa kokuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ions (pH). Ngomhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi noma we-alkaline, i-pH ingu-7. Amanani aphansi akhombisa ukuqina kwenhlabathi, kanti ukwanda kwe-pH kusho ukwanda kwe-alkalinity.

Ama-Florists adinga ukwazi ukuthi iziphi izimbali zasendlini ezithanda umhlabathi we-acid. Uhlu lunikezwe ngezansi:

• azalea;
• ferns;
• hydrangea;
• ICellellia
• i-monstera;
• I-Anthurium.

Ukulinganiswa kwenhlabathi yomswakama

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele wazi ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla namakati ezihlahla ezithanda inhlabathi ene-acidic. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-viburnum, i-blueberries, i-rhododendron, ama-raspberries, ama-buckthorn, ama-quince waseJapan.

I-acidified kancane, icishe ithathe hlangothi:

• i-asparagus;
• I-Amaryllis
• begonia;
• i-pelargonium;
• tradescantia nabanye abaningi.

Izitshalo - abathanda inhlabathi ye-alkaline:

• i-rose;
• Chrysanthemum
• i-cineraria.

Ungayenza kanjani inhlabathi ene-acid ekhaya

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwandisa i-acidity yenhlabathi ekhaya. Ukukhetha kuyoncika ekwakhekeni komhlaba kwenhlabathi. Ukuhlanganiswa okukhanyayo nokukhululekile kungenziwa ku-asidi ngokungeza ingxenye ebalulekile yento yezinto eziphilayo. Isibonelo, umquba, i-sphagnum moss noma i-mullein ejwayelekile. Okubi ngale ndlela ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ukuthola izinguquko ezibalulekile ku-pH.

Kwenhlabathi esindayo futhi eminyene, kufanele kusetshenziswe ezinye izindlela, ngoba ama-organics azokwengeza futhi okuqukethwe kwe-alkali. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukufaka umhlabathi nganoma iyiphi yezindlela ezilandelayo:

• ukwengeza kwesibabule;
• ukwethulwa kwe-iron sulfate;
• ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea noma ezinye izindlela eziqukethe i-ammonia.

Njengoba usuthathe zonke izakhi zokulungiselela isakhi sangaphansi ekhaya, ungathola inhlabathi efanelekile yezitshalo zasekhaya. Bona-ke, bazobonga ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlamvu amahle nezimbali eziningi.