Isifo seRhododendron: Kungani Amahlamvu Ejika uBrown

I-Rhododendron isitshalo esivela emndenini wakwaHeather. Itshalwe emakamelweni nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Imbali, njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, ingangenwa izifo kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abaningi bazibuza ukuthi kungani amaqabunga e-Rhododendron aphenduka ansundu, lapho kwaqala khona ukubola. Kunezindlela ezilula ongazelapha, bese uvimba, izifo ze-Rhododendron.

Izinhlobo zokubola ezithinta isitshalo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubola, ezinenkambo yazo yezimpawu nezindlela zokwelashwa.

Ukubola kwezimpande

Umenzeli we-causative ukhunta olusakazekela ohlelweni lwezimpande kanye nesiqu. Ukulimala kungabonakala kuso sonke lesi simila nakumahlumela ngamanye. Okokuqala, isihlahla siqala ukufiphala, bese amaqabunga esha ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo zangaphandle, amahlumela aphenduke abomvu, ayafa.

Ukubola kwezimpande

Uma usika amahlumela, ungqimba onsundu uyabonakala. Lapho ugaya ezimpandeni, umbala onsundu nokubola kuyabonakala. Lesi sitshalo siyafa kungakapheli izinsuku. Imbali iqala ukulimala uma i-Rhododendron itshalwe emhlabathini oyomile one-asidi. Izifo zitholakala ezitshalweni ezincane ezisanda kudluliswa. Ukutheleleka kusakazekela empandeni, kudlulele engxenyeni engenhla yesiqu.

Azikho izindlela zokwelapha. Udinga ukumba isihlahla futhi usishise ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane. Kamuva, kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-acidity yenhlabathi kule ndawo, kanye nomthetho ofanele wokunisela ngesithombo esisha.

Ukubola okumpunga

Umenzeli obangela ukhukhula yi-ash-grey Botrytis fungus. Ihlala enhlabathini engaphathwanga kanye nezinsalela zezinye izitshalo. Ngokubukeka, ukugxila kukhunta ngendlela ye-mycelium kunqunywa ngokushesha.

Lesi sifo sifaka lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• amabala ansundu ngeziqu, amahlumela, amaqabunga;
• ingaphezulu lendawo eyonakalisiwe yomile futhi iqala ukuqhekeka;
• kwakhiwa i-sclerotia, enomumo oyindilinga, ongqiqili.

Isici esihlukile salesi sifo ukuthi ukukhula kwesikhunta akukho mhlophe, kepha ngimpunga noma mnyama. Le ndlela yalesi sifo iyamelana nezinto ezingezinhle zemvelo, iphila iminyaka engama-2-3.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukulwa ne-pathogen nokuthena, ukufafaza nge-prophylactic yezitshalo ezithintekile nezomakhelwane ngesisombululo se-baseazole.

Ukubola okumpunga

Ukulimala okufika lapho

Umenzeli we-causative yi-Phytophtora cinamomi yesikhunta. Isitshalo singaguliswa yizimbali ezingomakhelwane. Imibandela elandelayo inomthelela ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta:

• ukuthambisa okuningi
• ukuntuleka noma ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini;
• umswakama ophezulu.

Izimpawu zokutheleleka kanye nokusakazeka kwalesi sifo:

• amaqabunga omile, asakazekela emagatsheni ngamanye;
• ukuntuleka kokubuyiselwa kobuningi bamaqabunga ebusuku noma ekuseni;
• amagatsha aphenduka aphuzi, khona-ke ukushintshashintsha kombala nakho kuyisici sesitshalo sonke;
• izimpande ziphenduke zibe nsundu, zibe amafomu abolile;
• amabala ansundu endaweni yentamo yezimpande noma ukuqala kwesiqu;
• ukubola ngokhuni;
• kancane kancane ibala elimpunga noma elimnyama ezindaweni ezinsundu, okuwuphawu lokwakheka kwezinhlaka zokukhunta;
• ngokuzayo, uma ungalashwa, sonke isitshalo siyabuna futhi somile.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile kwezitshalo ezinegciwane nge-Bordeaux fluid, futhi uma imbali ithinteka kakhulu, iyemba futhi ishiswe.

I-Fluoride bola

Rhododendron bud bola

Isitshalo sithelela isikhunta iSporocybe azaleae. I-ejenti yokubulala yaqala ukutholwa e-United States, futhi izindlela zokuvimbela nokwelashwa nazo zafundwa lapho. Imvamisa, lesi sifo sikhula ku rheodendron enkulu futhi ebusayo. Isici esibonisa ukwahlulwa ukuguquka komthunzi wama-buds abe nsundu noma ansundu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, isihlahla siyafa.

I-pathogen evela emahlumvwini ivame ukuya emagatsheni, itheleleke isihlahla sonke. Kunzima kakhulu ukumsindisa, kufanele usike wonke amamitha amahlumela.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: njalo emavikini amathathu, zonke izingxenye zesitshalo zifafazwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi.

Bud ukubola

Izifo eziphambili ze-Rhododendron nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo

Hlukanisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokutheleleka okuthelelekile.

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zezifo zemithi:

• Izifo zokukhunta ze-Rhododendron. I-pathogen isakazeka enhlabathini noma lapho izikhala zihanjiswa ngumoya. Ukulimala kuyabonakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo. Kwakhiwa iziza zobumnyama, ukwakheka okuyindilinga kube nomthunzi omhlophe, ompunga, omnyama. I-Rhododendron chlorosis iyisibonelo sokuqala sesifo sokukhunta;
• ukutheleleka. Lokhu kwehlulwa ngamagciwane ahlukahlukene. Lesi sifo singatholakala enhlabathini noma sithwelwe yizinambuzane. Kancane kancane, i-pathogenic microorganism isakazeka kanye nezimpande, isiqu, amaqabunga, amahlumela, okuholela ekumeni ngaphandle nasekufeni kwezingxenye. I-pathogen ivame ukusakazeka ezingxenyeni eziningi ze shrub. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuwushisa ngokuphelele ukuze ugweme ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwezifo eziseduze;
• izimbangela ezingatheleleki. Izici zezemvelo ezingezinhle zenza okuholela ekukhuleni okulimazayo, ukuqhakaza, kanye nokuthi amaqabunga e-Rhododendron agobile. Lokhu kungaba yindlala yeNitrogen, umhlabathi osezingeni eliphansi, ofakwe. Ukuze silondoloze ukufiphala, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukufaka umanyolo namanzi ngokwesheduli.

Ukuze ungadideki izinhlobo zesifo, kufanele uzijwayeze ngezimpawu zazo. Kuhlobo ngalunye lokutheleleka nokukhula okubi, kunesixazululo.

Ukukhanuka kwe-Tracheomycotic: lapho ishiya i-curl

Ukutheleleka kuqhamuka fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Lesi yisinambuzane esidonsela phansi lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukwakheka onsundu ezimpandeni, ukubola okwalandela;
• ukusakazeka kwezinhlamvu kusitshalo sonke, okuvimba ukuhamba kwezakhi zomzimba;
• amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuqina kwawo, abe yi-lethargic, i-curl up, kuvela amabala ansundu ku-Rhododendron;
• amaqabunga awayo ama-petioles ahlanganisiwe;
• kwakhiwa i-mycelium enemibala emhlophe ezihlahleni.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukushisa isitshalo sonke kanye nohlelo lwezimpande, ukufafaza nokufafaza ngesisombululo se-baseazole ngenhloso yokuvimbela.

Kufa amahlumela

Lesi sifo sisakazekela kuma-Rhododendrons, atshalwe emthunzini ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga. Isikhunta esivela kulolu hlobo lwePhytophtora cactorum Leb sisakazeka phezu kwembali. Izimpawu eziphambili zalesi sifo:

• izinso aziqhakaze;
• kancane kancane efihlekile futhi amahlumela athole umbala omnyama, afe.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukushisa amaqabunga owonakele, amahlumela, ngemuva kokuqeda izimbali, fafaza ngezidakamizwa eziqukethe ithusi njalo emavikini amabili.

Umdlavuza wegciwane webacteria

Lesi sifo sidalwa yi-bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Igcina ama-plasmids angaguquki aguqula amaseli ezitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-pathogen ingathelelelela umuntu, idale izimpawu zokutheleleka kubantu abane-immune immune.

USarrub uyagula, athola lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ukwakheka kokukhula ezimpandeni, okuba mnyama futhi kube nzima, kuvimbele ukuhamba kwezakhi zomzimba emithini, amahlumela namaqabunga;
• ukukhula emuva, izimbali ezibuthakathaka;
• kancane kancane ezindaweni zokukhula amafomu.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: izihlahlana ezithintekile zifafazwa ngoketshezi lweBordeaux, futhi uma isihlahla sithintekile kakhulu, bayasikhipha basishise.

Izifo zezinambuzane

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane ezingadala izifo ze-Rhododendron:

• i-furviled weevil. Amaqabunga okonakalisa - adla izimbobo ezinkulu kuwo. Uma kuvela izibungu eziningi, yonke shrub iyabuna bese iyafa. Ukufafaza kwenziwa nge-ascis, i-splender;
• isicabucabu mite. Amahlamvu lapho inkathazo itholakala khona aphenduka aphuzi, aguqule isimo, ajike abe nsundu futhi omile. Ukufafaza kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-actellik, fufanon;
• isihlangu semanga se-acacia. Amagciwane ahlaba amagxolo, azinamathele emagatsheni. Isitshalo esithintekile asiqhakaza, kancane kancane siyoma bese sifa. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa nanoma yisiphi isidakamizwa nge phosphorus, ngokwesibonelo, i-fufanon;
• intuthu kagwayi. Ama-parasites alimaza ama-buds angavuli, aphenduke aphuzi futhi awe. Imbali iphathwa ngama-ejenti aqukethe i-phosphorus, isibonelo, i-phytoerm;
• Isiphazamisi esisha se-american azalea. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaqabunga aphuzi anamabala amnyama anjenge-resin avela. I-Rhododendron ishiya isontekile, yomile bese iyawa. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngokufafaza ngesisombululo sikasikilidi sikagwayi.

I-Furviled weevil

Ukubuka i-anthropic

Lesi sifo sakhiwa ngenxa yefungus Gloeosporium rhododendri. Eqabungeni kuvela izindawo zezicubu ezifile zombala onsundu. Amacembe ayoma masinyane, inqwaba yesimo esiyindilinga kanye nefomu lombala omnyama kubo. Kancane kancane, lesi sifo siqala ukuvela.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukugawulwa kwezingxenye ezithintekile, ukufafaza nge-Bordeaux fluid.

Indlala yeNitrogen

Lesi yisifo esivezwa wukuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ne-potassium enhlabathini. Amapuleti amaqabunga aphenduka ukukhanya. Amahlumela akhiwa buthakathaka, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali akwenzeki. Kumashidi, amabala aphuzi, bese abe nsundu, ifomu. Kancane kancane bayanyamalala. Ukuqeda ukugula, kufanele ungeze ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-nitrogen.

Ukucima ubusika

Lesi akusona isifo sokuhlaselwa yisifo esifana nokufa kwamahlumela. Lesi sifo senzeka ngemuva kobusika obunesihluku obuneqhwa elinamandla. Lapho inhlabathi inyibilika, amaqabunga ayagoba, alahlekelwe ukuqina, aphenduke abe nsundu futhi omile. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuntuleka komswakama kanye nomonakalo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi ngamakhaza amakhulu. Lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphakathi kungenziwa kufane, i-rhododendron izobuyela kokujwayelekile.

Ukuqhakaza (ubukhulu

Ngaphandle kwalokho, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-wax. Kubangelwa amakhowe e-Exobasium. Kukhona i-Symbomatology:

• ukuguqulwa kanye nokuqina kwamaqabunga;
• ipuleti lamaqabunga liqala ukubomvu;
• ukwakheka kokuhlanganiswa kwensimbi, okubandakanya izinhlaka;
• izindawo ezonakalisiwe zomile futhi ziqhekeka;
• izimbali azikho noma zibuthakathaka.

Izindlela zokwelashwa: ukugawulwa kwezingxenye ezilimele, ukufafaza nge-Bordeaux fluid.

Ukushiswa yilanga

Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuguquguquka okubukhali kokushisa. Amagatsha ayashisa futhi aqhume umswakama. Iba nsundu, yomile, kuvela amabala. Ukuvimbela, kunconywa ukutshala isihlahla endaweni emnyama. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, indawo yokukhosela kufanele yenziwe ngenhla kwesihlahla kusuka elangeni elinukayo.

Ukushiswa yilanga

Isifo sofuba

Uma i-Rhododendron inamaqabunga ansundu, akuwona wonke umlimi owaziyo ukuthi enzeni. Lesi sifo sidalwa yisikhunta i-Cercospora rhododendri Ferraris. Kuphazamisa iqiniso ukuthi i-Rhododendon inamaqabunga ansundu, futhi uma kukhona umswakama owengeziwe endaweni, embozwe ngengubo equkethe izinhlamvu. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-fungicidal agents.

Isifo sofuba

Jamming

Uma umoya-mpilo omncane ufinyelela ohlelweni lwezimpande zesihlahla somhluzi, amaqabunga amaqabunga aba mnyama, aluhlaza. I-Shrub ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo ilahla amahlamvu. Amahlumela asafufusa athambile. Ibhola lempande libhujiswa ngokushesha.

Imvamisa lesi sifo senziwa lapho inhlabathi ibolile, isindayo, inamanzi amabi. Ukwelashwa, i-substrate emanzi nephefumulekayo kanye ne-drainage iyadingeka. Ukunisela kunqunyelwe.

Ukuvimbela Izitshalo Nokuvikelwa

Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, izitshalo kufanele zifafazwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-insecticides, fungicides. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama olinganiselayo, izitshalo azithandi amanani amaningi amanzi, kodwa futhi azikhulisi ezindaweni eziyomile. Inhlabathi kumele ihlanzwe kahle ukuze ukukhula nokukhula kwezimbali kwenzeke.

I-Rhododendron imvamisa ihlaselwa izifo, ukwelashwa okuncike kumbangela yazo. Ingatheleleka ngegciwane, ukutheleleka ngefungal. Kepha futhi umlimi kufanele anake ukuthi izimo ezithile ziyadingeka ukuze imbali ikhule ngempumelelo futhi iqhakaze. Uma amaqabunga e-Rhododendron ephela, le ndatshana izokutshela okufanele ukwenze uma usifunda kabusha ngokucophelela. Futhi kungakuhle ukuthi ungalibambezeli ukwelashwa, ukuze ungalahli isihlahla sonke ubusuku.